ASTM A351/A351M-24
(Specification)Standard Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts
Standard Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts
ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts. The steel shall be made by the electric furnace process with or without separate refining such as argon-oxygen decarburization. All castings shall receive heat treatment followed by quench in water or rapid cool by other means as noted. The steel shall conform to both chemical composition and tensile property requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts (Note 1).
Note 1: Carbon steel castings for pressure-containing parts are covered by Specification A216/A216M, low-alloy steel castings by Specification A217/A217M, and duplex stainless steel castings by Specification A995/A995M.
1.2 A number of grades of austenitic steel castings are included in this specification. Since these grades possess varying degrees of suitability for service at high temperatures or in corrosive environments, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished. Selection will depend on design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and high-temperature or corrosion-resistant characteristics, or both.
1.2.1 Because of thermal instability, Grades CE20N, CF3A, CF3MA, and CF8A are not recommended for service at temperatures above 800 °F [425 °C].
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The Supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M-specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets or parentheses.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A351/A351M − 24
Standard Specification for
Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A351/A351M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
2 dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This specification covers austenitic steel castings for
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
(Note 1).
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
NOTE 1—Carbon steel castings for pressure-containing parts are cov-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ered by Specification A216/A216M, low-alloy steel castings by Specifi-
cation A217/A217M, and duplex stainless steel castings by Specification
2. Referenced Documents
A995/A995M.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 A number of grades of austenitic steel castings are
A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suit-
included in this specification. Since these grades possess
able for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service
varying degrees of suitability for service at high temperatures
A217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic
or in corrosive environments, it is the responsibility of the
Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-
purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished. Selec-
able for High-Temperature Service
tion will depend on design and service conditions, mechanical
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifi-
properties, and high-temperature or corrosion-resistant
cations of Procedures and Personnel
characteristics, or both.
A703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, General
1.2.1 Because of thermal instability, Grades CE20N, CF3A,
Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
CF3MA, and CF8A are not recommended for service at
A985/A985M Specification for Steel Investment Castings
temperatures above 800 °F [425 °C].
General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are
A995/A995M Specification for Castings, Austenitic-Ferritic
provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The Supple-
(Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Pressure-Containing Parts
mentary requirements shall apply only when specified indi-
2.2 Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and
vidually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
Fittings Industry Standard:
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Flanges, and Fittings and Other Components (Visual
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Method)
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3. General Conditions for Delivery
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard.
3.1 Other Than Investment Castings—Material furnished to
1.4.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound
this specification shall conform to the requirements of Speci-
units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or
fication A703/A703M, including any supplementary require-
contract specifies the applicable M-specification designation
ments that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to
(SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. Within the text, the
comply with the general requirements of Specification A703/
SI units are shown in brackets or parentheses.
A703M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
A01.18 on Castings. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved May 1, 2024. Published May 2024. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as A351/A351M – 18. the ASTM website.
DOI: 10.1520/A0351_A0351M-24. Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi- Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-
cation SA-351/SA-351M in Section II of that code. hq.com.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A351/A351M − 24
enhance corrosion resistance and, in some cases, to meet mechanical
case of conflict between the requirements of this specification
properties. Minimum heat-treat temperatures are specified; however, it is
and Specification A703/A703M, this specification shall pre-
sometimes necessary to heat treat at higher temperatures, hold for some
vail.
minimum time at temperature, and then rapidly cool the castings in order
to enhance the corrosion resistance and meet mechanical properties.
3.2 Investment Castings—Material furnished to this specifi-
cation shall conform to the requirements of Specification
7. Chemical Composition
A985/A985M, including any supplementary requirements that
7.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to
are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the
chemical composition prescribed in Table 2.
general requirements of Specification A985/A985M consti-
tutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of con-
8. Tensile Properties
flict between the requirements of this specification and Speci-
8.1 Steel used for the castings shall conform to the require-
fication A985/A985M, Specification A985/A985M shall
ments as to tensile properties prescribed in Table 3.
prevail.
3.3 The post-weld heat treatment requirements of Supple-
9. Quality
mentary Requirement S50 may be specified when austenitic
9.1 The surface of the casting shall be examined visually
castings other than HK, HT, or CT15C are to be subjected to
and shall be free of adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot tears.
severe corrosive service.
Other surface discontinuities shall meet the visual acceptance
standards specified in the order. Visual Method SP-55 or other
4. Ordering Information
visual standards may be used to define acceptable surface
4.1 The inquiry and order should include or indicate the
discontinuities and finish. Unacceptable visual surface discon-
following:
tinuities shall be removed and their removal verified by visual
4.1.1 A description of the casting by pattern number or
examination of the resultant cavities.
drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the
casting drawing), 9.2 When additional inspection is desired, Supplementary
Requirements S5, S6, and S10 may be ordered.
4.1.2 Grade of steel,
4.1.3 Options in the specification, and
9.3 The castings shall not be peened, plugged, or impreg-
4.1.4 Supplementary requirements desired, including the
nated to stop leaks.
standards of acceptance.
10. Repair by Welding
5. Process
10.1 Repairs shall be made using procedures and welders
5.1 The steel shall be made by the electric furnace process
qualified under Practice A488/A488M.
with or without separate refining such as argon-oxygen decar-
10.2 Weld repairs shall be inspected to the same quality
burization (AOD).
standards that are used to inspect the castings. When castings
6. Heat Treatment are produced with Supplementary Requirement S5 specified,
weld repairs on castings that have leaked on hydrostatic test, or
6.1 All castings shall receive a heat treatment at the tem-
on castings in which the depth of any cavity prepared for repair
perature specified in Table 1, followed by a quench in water or
welding exceeds 20 % of the wall thickness or 1 in. [25 mm],
rapid cool by other means except as noted.
whichever is smaller, or on castings in which any cavity
NOTE 2—Proper heat treatment of these alloys is usually necessary to
prepared for welding is greater than approximately 10 in.
[65 cm ], shall be radiographed to the same standards that are
TABLE 1 Heat-Treatment Requirements
used to inspect the castings. When castings are produced with
Temperature, min Supplementary Requirement S6 specified, weld repairs shall be
Grade
°F °C inspected by liquid penetrant examination to the same stan-
HK30, HK40, HT30, CT15C, HG10MnN as-cast as-cast dards that are used to inspect
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: A351/A351M − 18 A351/A351M − 24
Standard Specification for
Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A351/A351M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—Footnote B of Table 3 was editorially corrected in August 2019.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers austenitic steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts (Note 1).
NOTE 1—Carbon steel castings for pressure-containing parts are covered by Specification A216/A216M, low-alloy steel castings by Specification
A217/A217M, and duplex stainless steel castings by Specification A995/A995M.
1.2 A number of grades of austenitic steel castings are included in this specification. Since these grades possess varying degrees
of suitability for service at high temperatures or in corrosive environments, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to determine
which grade shall be furnished. Selection will depend on design and service conditions, mechanical properties, and
high-temperature or corrosion-resistant characteristics, or both.
1.2.1 Because of thermal instability, Grades CE20N, CF3A, CF3MA, and CF8A are not recommended for service at temperatures
above 800 °F [425 °C].
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The Supplementary
requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract
specifies the applicable M-specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. Within the text, the SI units are
shown in brackets or parentheses.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18
on Castings.
Current edition approved May 1, 2018May 1, 2024. Published May 2018May 2024. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 20162018 as
A351/A351M – 16.A351/A351M – 18. DOI: 10.1520/A0351_A0351M-18E01.10.1520/A0351_A0351M-24.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specification SA-351/SA-351M in Section II of that code.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A351/A351M − 24
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A216/A216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Service
A217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for
High-Temperature Service
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
A703/A703M Specification for Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
A985/A985M Specification for Steel Investment Castings General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
A995/A995M Specification for Castings, Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) Stainless Steel, for Pressure-Containing Parts
2.2 Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry Standard:
SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges, and Fittings and Other Components (Visual Method)
3. General Conditions for Delivery
3.1 Other Than Investment Castings—Material furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification
A703/A703M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the
general requirements of Specification A703/A703M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of conflict between
the requirements of this specification and Specification A703/A703M, this specification shall prevail.
3.2 Investment Castings—Material furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A985/A985M,
including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the general requirements
of Specification A985/A985M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of conflict between the requirements of
this specification and Specification A985/A985M, Specification A985/A985M shall prevail.
3.3 The post-weld heat treatment requirements of Supplementary Requirement S50 may be specified when austenitic castings
other than HK, HT, or CT15C are to be subjected to severe corrosive service.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 The inquiry and order should include or indicate the following:
4.1.1 A description of the casting by pattern number or drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the casting drawing),
4.1.2 Grade of steel,
4.1.3 Options in the specification, and
4.1.4 Supplementary requirements desired, including the standards of acceptance.
5. Process
5.1 The steel shall be made by the electric furnace process with or without separate refining such as argon-oxygen decarburization
(AOD).
6. Heat Treatment
6.1 All castings shall receive a heat treatment at the temperature specified in Table 1, followed by a quench in water or rapid cool
by other means except as noted.
NOTE 2—Proper heat treatment of these alloys is usually necessary to enhance corrosion resistance and, in some cases, to meet mechanical properties.
Minimum heat-treat temperatures are specified; however, it is sometimes necessary to heat treat at higher temperatures, hold for some minimum time at
temperature, and then rapidly cool the castings in order to enhance the corrosion resistance and meet mechanical properties.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-hq.com.
A351/A351M − 24
TABLE 1 Heat-Treatment Requirements
Temperature, min
Grade
°F °C
HK30, HK40, HT30, CT15C, HG10MnN as-cast as-cast
CF3, CF3A, CF8, CF8A, CF3M, 1900 1040
CF3MA, CF8M, CF3MN, CG3M, CF10,
CF10M, CG8M
CF10SMnN, CF8C, CF10MC 1950 1065
CN7M, CG6MMnN 2050 1120
CH8, CH10, CH20, CK20 2100 1150
B
CK3MCuN, CN3MN 2200 1200
A
CE20N 2225 1220
A
Grade shall be quenched in water or the castings may be furnace cooled to
2050 °F [1120 °C] minimum, held for 15 min minimum, and then quenched in water
or rapidly cooled by other means.
B
Castings of these grades shall be held at the specified temperature for a
minimum of 4 h.
7. Chemical Composition
7.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 2.
8. Tensile Properties
8.1 Steel used for the castings shall conform to the requirements as to tensile properties prescribed in Table 3.
9. Quality
9.1 The surface of the casting shall be examined visually and shall be free of adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot tears. Other
surface discontinuities shall meet the visual acceptance standards specified in the order. Visual Method SP-55 or other visual
standards may be used to define acceptable surface discontinuities and finish. Unacceptable visual surface discontinuities shall be
removed and their removal verified by visual examination of the resultant cavities.
9.2 When additional inspection is desired, Supplementary Requirements S5, S6, and S10 may be ordered.
9.3 The castings shall not be peened, plugged, or impregnated to stop leaks.
10. Repair by Welding
10.1 Repairs shall be made using procedures and welders qualified under Practice A488/A488M.
10.2 Weld repairs shall be inspected to the same quality standards that are used to inspect the castings. When castings are produced
with Supplementary Requirement S5 specified, weld repairs on castings that have leaked on hydrostatic test, or on castings in
which the depth of any cavity prepared for repair welding exceeds 20 % of the wall thickness or 1 in. [25 mm], whichever is
2 2
smaller, or on castings in which any cavity prepared for welding is greater than approximately 10 in. [65 cm ], shall be
radiograph
...
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