ASTM D4845-09
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Wool
Standard Terminology Relating to Wool
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Designation:D4845–09
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Wool
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4845; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
acid content, n—of felt, the number of milliequivalents of acid treating with a mineral acid or an acid salt, drying and
present per unit weight of felt, measured under prescribed baking, crushing, and dusting out the embrittled cellulosic
conditions. D461 matter followed by neutralization of the acidified wool.
alkali-solubility, n—in wool, the percent of clean wool that is D2118
soluble in a specified alkaline solution under controlled carded wool, n—scoured wool which has been processed
conditions of temperature and time. D1283 through a carding machine. D1575
alpaca, n—the fleece and fiber produced by the alpaca, an cashmere, n—in roving, yarn, or fabrics, cashmere hair or
animal of the genus Llama (Lama glama pacus). The fiber is products made therewith having a cashmere coarse-hair
obtained from several species, namely, Huacaya and Suri. content not exceeding a specified maximum percentage by
D2252 length. D2816, D2817
cashmere coarse-hair, n—those coarse fibers in cashmere hair
DISCUSSION—Alpaca is normally classified according to type, repre-
having widths greater than 30 µm. D2816, D2817
senting particular combinations of characteristics appropriate to a
cashmere coarse-hair content, n—the total length of the
specific use, or descriptive of geographic origin, breed or species of
cashmere coarse-hair fibers that are present, expressed as a
animal, or preparation for market.
percentage of the total length of all the cashmere hair fibers;
animal fiber, n—any natural protein-base fiber.
that is, the percentage by length of cashmere coarse-hair in
D1574, D4510
cashmere hair. D2816, D2817
aqueous extract, n—in wool testing, the solution obtained by
cashmere down, n—those fibers in cashmere hair having
digesting a material with water or with a sodium chloride
widths of 30 µm or less. D2816, D2817
solution to dissolve soluble materials. D2165
cashmere hair, n—the fibers produced by a form of goat
average fiber diameter, n—in wool and other animal fibers,
(Capra hircus) indigenous to Asia and known as the cash-
the average width of a group of fibers when measured on a
mere goat. D2816, D2817
projected image. D2130, D2252, D3991, D3992
DISCUSSION—Characteristically, cashmere hair consists of fine down
black felt, n—those classifications of felt manufactured to
(undercoat) fibers and coarse (outercoat) fibers.
various shades of the color black. D2475
breaking tenacity, n—thetenacitycorrespondingtothebreak-
clean wool fiber present, n—in raw wool, the mass of wool
ing load. D1294, D2524
base present in the raw wool, adjusted to a moisture content
of 12 %, an alcohol-extractable content of 1.5 %, and a
DISCUSSION—Breaking tenacity is commonly expressed as grams-
mineral matter content of 0.5 %. D584, D1060, D1334
force per tex (gf/tex), grams-force per denier (gf/den), millinewtons per
tex mN/tex), or millinewtons per denier (mN/den). Millinewtons are
colored fiber, n—in wool top, any fiber the color or shade of
numerically equal to grams-force times 9.81.
which differs from the normal color or shade of the fiber
mass of the sample. D1770
burr-wool waste, n—waste removed by the burr guard of
combing wool, n—wool that is strong and strictly of combing
cards or burr pickers having a very short fiber and full of
length, that is, 2 in. (50 mm) or more. D4845
burrs or seeds. D4845
commercial composition, n—in wool, the percentages by
DISCUSSION—The nature of the waste varies according to the wool
weight of wool base, moisture, and other nonwool-base
from which the burrs are taken.
components in wool to which a specific commercial desig-
nation is applied. D2720
carbonized and neutralized wool, n—a term descriptive of
scoured wool processed to destroy cellulosic impurities by commercial designation, n—in wool,atermappliedtoalotof
wool in a stated form, and having a specified commercial
composition. D2720
1
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
commercial moisture content, n—the moisture calculated as
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.
a percentage of the weight of the wool, top, noils, yarn,
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4845 – 05. DOI:
fabric, etc., in the “as-is” condition; that is, containing
10.1520/D4845-09.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4845–05 Designation:D4845–09
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Wool
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4845; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1.Scope
1.1This terminology covers definitions of technical terms used in the wool industry. Terms that are generally understood or
adequately defined in other readily available sources are not defined.
1.2Other terminology standards of interest are shown in 2.1
2.Referenced Documents
2.1ASTM Standards:
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
3.Terminology
alpaca, n—the fleece and fiber produced by the alpaca, an animal of the genus Llama (Lama glama pacus). The fiber is obtained
from several species, namely, Huacaya and Suri
DISCUSSION—Alpaca is normally classified according to type, representing particular combinations of characteristics appropriate to a specific use,
or descriptive of geographic origin, breed or species of animal, or preparation for market.
There are two varieties of the alpaca animal, the Huacaya and Suri.The Suri produces straighter, finer, and longer fibers, but most alpaca production
is of the Huacaya variety. Alpaca is normally classified according to type, representing particular combinations of characteristics appropriate to a
specific use, or descriptive of geographic origin, breed or species of animal, or preparation for market (see Appendix X1). D2252
acid content, n— of felt, the number of milliequivalents of acid present per unit weight of felt, measured under prescribed
conditions. D 461
alkali-solubility, n—in wool, the percent of clean wool that is soluble in a specified alkaline solution under controlled conditions
of temperature and time. D 1283
alpaca, n—the fleece and fiber produced by the alpaca, an animal of the genus Llama (Lama glama pacus). The fiber is obtained
from several species, namely, Huacaya and Suri. D 2252
DISCUSSION—Alpaca is normally classified according to type, representing particular combinations of characteristics appropriate to a specific use,
or descriptive of geographic origin, breed or species of animal, or preparation for market.
animal fiber, n—any natural protein-base fiber.
DISCUSSION—(D1474)As used in this standard, “animal fiber” refers in particular to those fibers covered by theWool Products LabelingAct of 1939
and “recycled wool” as defined in the Act as amended in 1980. It also includes, but is not limited to, those fibers listed in Table 1 of Terminology D
123 —any natural protein-base fiber.
D 1574, D 4510
aqueous extract, n—in wool testing, the solution obtained by digesting a material with water or with a sodium chloride solution
to dissolve soluble materials. D 2165
average fiber diameter, n—in wool and other animal fibers, the average width of a group of fibers when measured on a projected
image. D 2130, D 2252, D 3991, D 3992
black felt, n—those classifications of felt manufactured to various shades of the color black. D 2475
breaking tenacity, n—the tenacity corresponding to the breaking load. D 1294, D 2524
DISCUSSION—Breaking tenacity is commonly expressed as grams-force per tex (gf/tex), grams-force per denier (gf/den), millinewtons per tex
mN/tex), or millinewtons per denier (mN/den). Millinewtons are numerically equal to grams-force times 9.81.
burr-wool waste, n—waste removed by the burr guard of cards or burr pickers having a very short fiber and full of burrs or seeds.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.
Current edition approved Dec.July 1, 2005.2009. Published January 2006.August 2009. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4845–96
(2005). D 4845 – 05.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4845–09
D 4845
DISCUSSION—The nature of the waste varies according to the wool from which the burrs are taken.
carbonized and neutralized wool, n—a term descriptive of scoured wool processed to destroy cellulosic impurities by treating
with a mineral acid or an acid salt, drying and baking, crushing, and dusting out the embrittled cellulosic matter followed by
neutralization of the acidified wool. D2118
carded wool
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4845–05 Designation:D4845–09
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Wool
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4845; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1.Scope
1.1This terminology covers definitions of technical terms used in the wool industry. Terms that are generally understood or
adequately defined in other readily available sources are not defined.
1.2Other terminology standards of interest are shown in 2.1
2.Referenced Documents
2.1ASTM Standards:
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
3.Terminology
alpaca, n—the fleece and fiber produced by the alpaca, an animal of the genus Llama (Lama glama pacus). The fiber is obtained
from several species, namely, Huacaya and Suri
DISCUSSION—Alpaca is normally classified according to type, representing particular combinations of characteristics appropriate to a specific use,
or descriptive of geographic origin, breed or species of animal, or preparation for market.
There are two varieties of the alpaca animal, the Huacaya and Suri.The Suri produces straighter, finer, and longer fibers, but most alpaca production
is of the Huacaya variety. Alpaca is normally classified according to type, representing particular combinations of characteristics appropriate to a
specific use, or descriptive of geographic origin, breed or species of animal, or preparation for market (see Appendix X1). D2252
acid content, n— of felt, the number of milliequivalents of acid present per unit weight of felt, measured under prescribed
conditions. D 461
alkali-solubility, n—in wool, the percent of clean wool that is soluble in a specified alkaline solution under controlled conditions
of temperature and time. D 1283
alpaca, n—the fleece and fiber produced by the alpaca, an animal of the genus Llama (Lama glama pacus). The fiber is obtained
from several species, namely, Huacaya and Suri. D 2252
DISCUSSION—Alpaca is normally classified according to type, representing particular combinations of characteristics appropriate to a specific use,
or descriptive of geographic origin, breed or species of animal, or preparation for market.
animal fiber, n—any natural protein-base fiber.
DISCUSSION—(D1474)As used in this standard, “animal fiber” refers in particular to those fibers covered by theWool Products LabelingAct of 1939
and “recycled wool” as defined in the Act as amended in 1980. It also includes, but is not limited to, those fibers listed in Table 1 of Terminology D
123 —any natural protein-base fiber.
D 1574, D 4510
aqueous extract, n—in wool testing, the solution obtained by digesting a material with water or with a sodium chloride solution
to dissolve soluble materials. D 2165
average fiber diameter, n—in wool and other animal fibers, the average width of a group of fibers when measured on a projected
image. D 2130, D 2252, D 3991, D 3992
black felt, n—those classifications of felt manufactured to various shades of the color black. D 2475
breaking tenacity, n—the tenacity corresponding to the breaking load. D 1294, D 2524
DISCUSSION—Breaking tenacity is commonly expressed as grams-force per tex (gf/tex), grams-force per denier (gf/den), millinewtons per tex
mN/tex), or millinewtons per denier (mN/den). Millinewtons are numerically equal to grams-force times 9.81.
burr-wool waste, n—waste removed by the burr guard of cards or burr pickers having a very short fiber and full of burrs or seeds.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.
Current edition approved Dec.July 1, 2005.2009. Published January 2006.August 2009. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4845–96
(2005). D 4845 – 05.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4845–09
D 4845
DISCUSSION—The nature of the waste varies according to the wool from which the burrs are taken.
carbonized and neutralized wool, n—a term descriptive of scoured wool processed to destroy cellulosic impurities by treating
with a mineral acid or an acid salt, drying and baking, crushing, and dusting out the embrittled cellulosic matter followed by
neutralization of the acidified wool. D2118
carded wool
...
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