ASTM C1608-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Chemical Shrinkage of Hydraulic Cement Paste
Standard Test Method for Chemical Shrinkage of Hydraulic Cement Paste
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Numerous properties of cementitious materials are controlled by their initial hydration rate. Examples include early-age strength development, heat release, and crack resistance. One direct and convenient measure of this initial hydration rate is provided by the measurement of the chemical shrinkage of the cement paste during its hydration. As cement hydrates, the hydration products occupy less volume than the initial reacting materials (cement and water). Due to this volume change, a hydrating cement paste will sorb water from its immediate surroundings, when available. At early times, this sorption is in direct proportion to the amount of hydration that has occurred.5 This method is based on the one developed by Geiker.6 The results are relevant to understanding the hydration behavior of cements. This method does not measure the bulk volume changes (autogenous shrinkage) associated with chemical shrinkage nor the cracking potential of concretes produced with the evaluated cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the internal (absolute) volume change of hydraulic cement paste that results from the hydration of the cementitious materials. This volume change is known as chemical shrinkage.
1.1.1 Procedure A, volumetric method.
1.1.2 Procedure B, the density method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1608 − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Chemical Shrinkage of Hydraulic Cement Paste
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1608; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic and Other Inor-
ganic Cements
1.1 This test method measures the internal (absolute) vol-
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
ume change of hydraulic cement paste that results from the
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
hydration of the cementitious materials. This volume change is
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
known as chemical shrinkage.
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
1.1.1 Procedure A, volumetric method.
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
1.1.2 Procedure B, the density method.
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
standard.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 chemical shrinkage, n—the absolute (internal) vol-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ume change accompanying the hydration of cement, due to the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
fact that the cement hydration products occupy less physical
(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic
volume than the reactants.
and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon
2 3.1.2 All other terms are as defined in Terminology C219.
prolonged exposure. )
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Significance and Use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1 Numerous properties of cementitious materials are con-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
trolled by their initial hydration rate. Examples include early-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
age strength development, heat release, and crack resistance.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
One direct and convenient measure of this initial hydration rate
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
is provided by the measurement of the chemical shrinkage of
the cement paste during its hydration. As cement hydrates, the
2. Referenced Documents
3 hydration products occupy less volume than the initial reacting
2.1 ASTM Standards:
materials (cement and water). Due to this volume change, a
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
hydrating cement paste will sorb water from its immediate
Cement
surroundings, when available. At early times, this sorption is in
C186 Test Method for Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic
5
4 direct proportion to the amount of hydration that has occurred.
Cement (Withdrawn 2019)
6
This method is based on the one developed by Geiker. The
C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
results are relevant to understanding the hydration behavior of
cements. This method does not measure the bulk volume
1 changes (autogenous shrinkage) associated with chemical
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.31 on Volume Change.
shrinkage nor the cracking potential of concretes produced
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally
with the evaluated cement.
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C1608 – 17. DOI:
10.1520/C1608-23.
2
See the section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM
5
Standards, Vol. 04.01. L.J. Parrott, M. Geiker, W.A. Gutteridge, and D. Killoh, “Monitoring Portland
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Cement Hydration: Comparison of Methods,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 20, 919-926, 1990.
6
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on M. Geiker, “Studies of Portland Cement Hydration: Measurements of Chemical
the ASTM website. Shrinkage and a Systematic Evaluation of Hydration Curves by Means of the
4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Dispersion Model,” Ph.D. Thesis, Technical Universit
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1608 − 17 C1608 − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Chemical Shrinkage of Hydraulic Cement Paste
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1608; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method measures the internal (absolute) volume change of hydraulic cement paste that results from the hydration of
the cementitious materials. This volume change is known as chemical shrinkage.
1.1.1 Procedure A, volumetric method.
1.1.2 Procedure B, the density method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may
2
cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
4
C186 Test Method for Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cement (Withdrawn 2019)
C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic and Other Inorganic Cements
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
Cements and Concretes
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.31 on Volume Change.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2017Dec. 1, 2023. Published August 2017December 2023. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20122017
as C1608 – 12.C1608 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/C1608-17.10.1520/C1608-23.
2
See the section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.01.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C1608 − 23
3.1.1 chemical shrinkage, n—the absolute (internal) volume change accompanying the hydration of cement, due to the fact that
the cement hydration products occupy less physical volume than the reactants.
3.1.2 All other terms are as defined in Terminology C219.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Numerous properties of cementitious materials are controlled by their initial hydration rate. Examples include early-age
strength development, heat release, and crack resistance. One direct and convenient measure of this initial hydration rate is
provided by the measurement of the chemical shrinkage of the cement paste during its hydration. As cement hydrates, the hydration
products occupy less volume than the initial reacting materials (cement and water). Due to this volume change, a hydrating cement
paste will sorb water from its immediate surroundings, when available. At early times, this sorption is in direct proportion to the
5 6
amount of hydration that has occurred. This method is based on the one developed by Geiker. The results are relevant to
understanding the hydration behavior of cements. This method does not measure the bulk volume changes (autogenous shrinkage)
associated with chemical shrinkage no
...
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