ASTM D4054-23
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluation of New Aviation Turbine Fuels and Fuel Additives
Standard Practice for Evaluation of New Aviation Turbine Fuels and Fuel Additives
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended to describe the data requirements necessary to support the review of new aviation turbine fuels or additives by ASTM members for the developers or sponsors of these new products.
5.2 Its purpose is to guide the sponsor of a new fuel or new fuel additive through a defined evaluation process that includes the prerequisite testing and required periodic reviews with the subcommittee members. This practice provides a basis for calculating the volume of additive or fuel required for assessment, insight into the cost associated with taking a new fuel or new fuel additive through the evaluation process, and a defined path forward for introducing a new technology for the benefit of the aviation community.
5.3 The allocation of resources necessary to support the full scope of the evaluation process is the responsibility of the sponsor of the new fuel or fuel additive. This will include laboratory, rig, or engine tests, if required, as well as support of OEM activities such as the Phase 1 and 2 reviews.
5.4 This process may also be used to assess the impact of changes to fuels due to changes in production methods and/or changes during transportation. An example is the assessment of the impact of incidental materials on fuel properties. In the context of Practice D4054, incidental materials shall be considered as an additive.
5.5 This guide is not an approval process. It is intended to describe test and analysis requirements necessary to generate data to support specification revision or development. This guide does not address the approval process for ASTM International standards.
5.6 This guide does not purport to specify an all-inclusive listing of test and analysis requirements to achieve ASTM International issuance of a specification or specification revision. The final requirements will be dependent upon the specific formulation and performance of the candidate fuel or additive and be determined by the ASTM International task g...
SCOPE
1.1 This standard practice provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation turbine fuels, changes to existing aviation turbine fuels, or new aviation turbine fuel additives. These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. This standard practice has also been used to evaluate the effect of incidental materials on jet fuel properties and performance.
1.2 The procedures, tests, and selection of materials detailed in this practice are based on industry expertise to provide the necessary data to determine if the new or changed fuel or additive is suitable for use on existing aircraft and engines and for use in the current aviation operational and supply infrastructure. As such, it is primarily intended for the evaluation of drop-in fuels, but it can also be used for the evaluation of other fuels.
1.3 Because of the diversity of aviation hardware and potential variation in fuel/additive formulations, not every aspect may be fully covered and further work may be required. Therefore, additional data beyond that described in this practice may be requested by the ASTM task force, Subcommittee J, or Committee D02 upon review of the specific composition, performance, or other characteristics of the candidate fuel or additive.
1.4 Units of measure throughout this practice are stated in International System of Units (SI) unless the test method specifies non-SI units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization establish...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4054 − 23
Standard Practice for
Evaluation of New Aviation Turbine Fuels and Fuel
1
Additives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4054; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This standard practice provides procedures to develop
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
data for use in research reports for new aviation turbine fuels,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
changes to existing aviation turbine fuels, or new aviation
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
turbine fuel additives. These research reports are intended to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
support the development and issuance of new specifications or
specification revisions for these products. This standard prac-
2. Referenced Documents
tice has also been used to evaluate the effect of incidental
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
materials on jet fuel properties and performance.
A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-
1.2 The procedures, tests, and selection of materials detailed
Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure
in this practice are based on industry expertise to provide the
Vessels and for General Applications
necessary data to determine if the new or changed fuel or
B36/B36M Specification for Brass Plate, Sheet, Strip, And
additive is suitable for use on existing aircraft and engines and
Rolled Bar
for use in the current aviation operational and supply infra-
B93/B93M Specification for Magnesium Alloys in Ingot
structure. As such, it is primarily intended for the evaluation of
Form for Sand Castings, Permanent Mold Castings, and
drop-in fuels, but it can also be used for the evaluation of other
Die Castings
fuels.
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
1.3 Because of the diversity of aviation hardware and D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
potential variation in fuel/additive formulations, not every Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
aspect may be fully covered and further work may be required. D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Therefore, additional data beyond that described in this prac- Closed Cup Tester
tice may be requested by the ASTM task force, Subcommittee D257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
J, or Committee D02 upon review of the specific composition, Insulating Materials
D395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
performance, or other characteristics of the candidate fuel or
additive. D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-
tic Elastomers—Tension
1.4 Units of measure throughout this practice are stated in
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
International System of Units (SI) unless the test method
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
specifies non-SI units.
ity)
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
als
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D924 Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)
and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-
cal Insulating Liquids
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
2
mittee D02.J0.04 on Additives and Electrical Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D4054 – 22. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI:10.1520/D4054-23. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 B
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4054 − 22 D4054 − 23
Standard Practice for
Evaluation of New Aviation Turbine Fuels and Fuel
1
Additives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4054; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This standard practice provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation turbine fuels, changes
to existing aviation turbine fuels, or new aviation turbine fuel additives. These research reports are intended to support the
development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. This standard practice has also been
used to evaluate the effect of incidental materials on jet fuel properties and performance.
1.2 The procedures, tests, and selection of materials detailed in this practice are based on industry expertise to provide the
necessary data to determine if the new or changed fuel or additive is suitable for use on existing aircraft and engines and for use
in the current aviation operational and supply infrastructure. As such, it is primarily intended for the evaluation of drop-in fuels,
but it can also be used for the evaluation of other fuels.
1.3 Because of the diversity of aviation hardware and potential variation in fuel/additive formulations, not every aspect may be
fully covered and further work may be required. Therefore, additional data beyond that described in this practice may be requested
by the ASTM task force, Subcommittee J, or Committee D02 upon review of the specific composition, performance, or other
characteristics of the candidate fuel or additive.
1.4 Units of measure throughout this practice are stated in International System of Units (SI) unless the test method specifies
non-SI units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.J0.04 on Additives and Electrical Properties.
Current edition approved April 1, 2022May 1, 2023. Published April 2022May 2023. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20212022 as
D4054 – 21a.D4054 – 22. DOI:10.1520/D4054-22.DOI:10.1520/D4054-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4054 − 23
A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and
for General Applications
B36/B36M Specification for Brass Plate, Sheet, Strip, And Rolled Bar
B93/B93M Specification for Magnesium Alloys in Ingot Form for Sand Castings, Permanent Mold Castings, and Die Castings
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials
D395 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosi
...
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