ASTM C301-04(2009)

Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Meaning and Suitability—The tests called for herein, from their results, indicate the suitability and acceptability of vitrified clay pipe for specifications acceptance, design purposes, regulatory statutes, manufacturing control, and research.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the equipment for, and the techniques of, testing vitrified clay pipe prior to installation. Tests using whole pipe determines the resistance to crushing and hydrostatic forces. Tests using pipe fragments measure the amount of water absorption of the pipe body and the quantity of acid-soluble material that may be extracted from it.
Note 1—The following standards also apply to clay pipe and can be referenced for further information: Practice C 12 and Test Method C 828; Specifications C 425 and C 700.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2009
• ICS: 23.040.50 - Pipes and fittings of other materials
• Technical Committee: C04 - Vitrified Clay Pipe
• Drafting Committee: C04.20 - Methods of Test and Specifications

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C301-04 - Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM C301-13 - Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C479-04(2022) - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Liner Plates
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C315-07(2021) - Standard Specification for Clay Flue Liners and Chimney Pots
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C1208/C1208M-18(2022) - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Joints for Use in Microtunneling, Sliplining, Pipe Bursting, and Tunnels
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C4-04(2018) - Standard Specification for Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay Drain Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C896-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Clay Products
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C700-18(2022) - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength, and Perforated
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C12-22a - Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C301 −04(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Methods for
Vitrified Clay Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C301; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1.1 These test methods cover the equipment for, and the
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods,
techniques of, testing vitrified clay pipe prior to installation.
refer to Terminology E6 and Terminology C896.
Tests using whole pipe determines the resistance to crushing
and hydrostatic forces. Tests using pipe fragments measure the
4. Significance and Use
amount of water absorption of the pipe body and the quantity
4.1 Meaning and Suitability—The tests called for herein,
of acid-soluble material that may be extracted from it.
from their results, indicate the suitability and acceptability of
NOTE 1—The following standards also apply to clay pipe and can be
referenced for further information: Practice C12 and Test Method C828; vitrified clay pipe for specifications acceptance, design
Specifications C425 and C700.
purposes, regulatory statutes, manufacturing control, and re-
search.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
5. Bearing Strength
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
5.1 Test Specimens:
and are not considered standard.
5.1.1 The test specimens shall be sound, full-size pipe and
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety
shall be selected by the purchaser, or his representative, at
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
points he designates when placing the order.
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
5.1.2 The number of specimens to be tested shall not exceed
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
0.5 % of the number of pipe of each size furnished, except that
limitations prior to use.
no less than two specimens shall be tested.
5.2 Measurement and Inspection of Specimens:
2. Referenced Documents
5.2.1 The specimens shall be free of all visible moisture and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
frost. These specimens shall be inspected and measured for
C12 Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
conformance with the applicable specifications. The results of
C425 Specification for Compression Joints forVitrified Clay
these observations shall be recorded.
Pipe and Fittings
5.2.2 Specimens that are observed to have defects in excess
C700 Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength,
of the limits permitted in the applicable specifications shall be
Standard Strength, and Perforated
discarded and replaced with additional specimens from the lot
C828 Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified
to be tested.
Clay Pipe Lines
5.3 Loading Apparatus (see Fig. 1):
C896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products
5.3.1 Testing Machine:
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
5.3.1.1 The loading apparatus shall consist of a testing
machine capable of applying loads, with upper and lower
bearings capable of transmitting these loads to the pipe. The
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on
bearings shall be bearing beams and contact edges.
Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on
5.3.1.2 Any motor driven testing machine that is capable of
Methods of Test and Specifications.
applying a load at a uniform rate of 2000 6 500 lbf/min·linear
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Originally
ft (29.2 6 7.3 kN/min·linear m) of pipe length, shall be used
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C301 – 04. DOI:
10.1520/C0301-04R09.
for making the test.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.3.1.3 The load may be applied at a rapid rate until 50 % of
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
the required bearing strength is reached. Subsequently, the load
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. shall be applied to the pipe at a uniform rate of 2000 6 500
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C301−04 (2009)
FIG. 1 Three-Edge Bearing Testing (see 5.3.4 for Segmented Testing)
lbf/min·linear ft (29.2 6 7.3 kN/min·linear m) of pipe length length in inches or millimetres. The length of the bearing
without vibration or shock. beams shall be no less than the full length of the outside barrel
5.3.1.4 Thetestingmachineshallbesufficientlyrigidsothat
of the pipe. Built-up bearing beams may be used, provided
the load distribution will not be appreciably affected by the
their deflection does not exceed that specified. In order for the
deformation or yielding of any part. The machine and bearings
bell or socket of the pipe to clear the bearing beams, it is
shall be constructed to transmit the load in a vertical plane
recommended that the bearing beams be faced with a metal or
through the longitudinal axes of the bearings and pipe. The
hardwood member for affixing the contact edges.
bearings shall be attached to the machine so as to receive and
5.3.3 Three-Edge Bearings:
uniformly transmit the loads required in the tests, without
5.3.3.1 Three-edge bearings shall consist of an upper mem-
vibration or shock. The upper bearing shall be free to rotate in
ber, comprised of a bearing beam on which one contact edge is
averticalplanethroughthelongitudinalaxisofthebearingand
located so that it lies in the vertical plane passing through the
the pipe.
longitudinalaxisofthepipe;andalowermembercomprisedof
5.3.2 Bearing Beams—Bearingbeamsshallnotdeflectmore
a bearing beam on which two contact edges are symmetrically
than a 14 by 8-in. (355 by 205-mm), 53-lb/linear ft (73-kg/
located parallel to that vertical plane.
linear m), wide flange beam as specified by the American
Institute of Steel Construction. Under no circumstances shall 5.3.3.2 The contact edges shall consist of rubber strips
alone, or hardwood strips with plaster of paris fillets. Contact
the deflection in inches or millimetres under maximum load
exceed that given by the ratio L/720 in which L is the beam edges shall uniformly contact the outside barrel of the pipe.
C301−04 (2009)
5.3.3.3 The two contact edges on the lower member shall be 5.4.3 The loading of the pipe shall be a continuous opera-
spaced apart approximately 1 in./ft (83 mm/m) of pipe diam- tion. Do not allow the pipe to stand under load longer than is
eter, but in no case less than 1 in. (25 mm). required to apply the load and record the observations.
5.4.4 The loading shall be stopped after the required
5.3.3.4 Positioning strips may be used to align the upper
strength has been met.
contact edge and to align and space the lower contact edges. In
5.4.5 For further evaluation or quality assurance, the load-
the case of rubber contact edges, positioning strips shall not
ing may be continued to the point of pipe failure.
exceed one half of the thickness of the contact edge and may
5.4.6 Record the maximum load sustained by the specimen.
remain in place.
5.3.3.5 If rubber strips are used as contact edges, they shall
5.5 Calculation and Report:
be cut or formed from material having a Shore A, instanta-
5.5.1 Calculate the bearing strength by dividing the applied
neous, durometer hardness between 45 and 60. The strips shall
load by the inside length of the barrel. The length shall be the
be of rectangular cross section, having a 2-in. (51-mm) width,
average of two measurements taken at points 180° (3.1 rad)
and a thickness not less than 1 in. (25 mm) nor more than 1 ⁄2
apart. Report the individual results of the tests of pipe of each
in. (38 mm). The contact edges shall be used with the 2-in.
size or lot.
(51-mm) dimension in contact with the bearing beam. Rubber
contact edges may be attached to the bearing beam by an
6. Absorption
adhesive, provided the contact edge remains firmly fixed in
6.1 Test Specimens:
position.
6.1.1 Absorption specimens shall be sound pieces of the full
5.3.3.6 If hardwood strips with plaster of paris fillets are
thickness of the barrel of the pipe, with all edges broken. Each
used as contact edges, the strips shall be straight, and have a
specimen shall be as nearly square as possible, with the area on
crosssectionnotlessthan1in.(25mm)ineitherdirection.The
onebarrelsurfacenotlessthantwelvetimesthe
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C301–98 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: C 301 – 04 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Methods for
Vitrified Clay Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 301; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the equipment for, and the techniques of, testing vitrified clay pipe prior to installation.Tests using
whole pipe determines the resistance to crushing and hydrostatic forces. Tests using pipe fragments measure the amount of water
absorption of the pipe body and the quantity of acid-soluble material that may be extracted from it.
1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information
only.
1.3This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
NOTE 1—The following standards also apply to clay pipe and can be referenced for further information: Practice C 12 and Test Method C 828;
Specifications C 425 and C 700. .
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C12 Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
C 425 Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings
C 700 Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength, and Perforated
C 828 Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines
C 896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods, refer to Terminology E 6 and Terminology C 896.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Meaning and Suitability—The tests called for herein, from their results, indicate the suitability and acceptability of vitrified
clay pipe for specifications acceptance, design purposes, regulatory statutes, manufacturing control, and re-search.
5. Bearing Strength
5.1 Test Specimens:
5.1.1 The test specimens shall be sound, full-size pipe and shall be selected by the purchaser, or his representative, at points he
designates when placing the order.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C-4 C04 on Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on Methods
of Test and Specifications.
Current edition approved NovemberOct. 1, 2003.2009. Published February 2004.October 2009. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 19982004
as C301–98.C 301 – 04.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 301 – 04 (2009)
5.1.2 The number of specimens to be tested shall not exceed 0.5 % of the number of pipe of each size furnished, except that
no less than two specimens shall be tested.
5.2 Measurement and Inspection of Specimens:
5.2.1 The specimens shall be free of all visible moisture and frost. These specimens shall be inspected and measured for
conformance with the applicable specifications. The results of these observations shall be recorded.
5.2.2 Specimens that are observed to have defects in excess of the limits permitted in the applicable specifications shall be
discarded and replaced with additional specimens from the lot to be tested.
5.3 Loading Apparatus (see Fig. 1):
5.3.1 Testing Machine:
5.3.1.1 The loading apparatus shall consist of a testing machine capable of applying loads, with upper and lower bearings
capable of transmitting these loads to the pipe. The bearings shall be bearing beams and contact edges.
5.3.1.2 Any motor driven testing machine that is capable of applying a load at a uniform rate of 2000 6 500 lbf/min·linear ft
(29.4(29.2 6 7.47.3 kN/min·linear m) of pipe length, shall be used for making the test.
5.3.1.3 The load may be applied at a rapid rate until 50 % of the required bearing strength is reached. Subsequently, the load
shall be applied to the pipe at a uniform rate of 2000 6 500 lbf/min·linear ft (29.4(29.2 6 7.47.3 kN/min·linear m) of pipe length
without vibration or shock.
5.3.1.4 The testing machine shall be sufficiently rigid so that the load distribution will not be appreciably affected by the
deformation or yielding of any part. The machine and bearings shall be constructed to transmit the load in a vertical plane through
thelongitudinalaxesofthebearingsandpipe.Thebearingsshallbeattachedtothemachinesoastoreceiveanduniformlytransmit
FIG. 1 Three-Edge Bearing Testing (see 5.3.4 for Segmented Testing)
C 301 – 04 (2009)
the loads required in the tests, without vibration or shock. The upper bearing shall be free to rotate in a vertical plane through the
longitudinal axis of the bearing and the pipe.
5.3.2 Bearing Beams—Bearing beams shall not deflect more than a 14 by 8-in. (355 by 205-mm), 53-lb/linear ft (73-kg/linear
m), wide flange beam as specified by theAmerican Institute of Steel Construction. Under no circumstances shall the deflection in
inches or millimetres under maximum load exceed that given by the ratio L/720 in which L is the beam length in inches or
millimetres. The length of the bearing beams shall be no less than the full length of the outside barrel of the pipe. Built-up bearing
beams may be used, provided their deflection does not exceed that specified. In order for the bell or socket of the pipe to clear the
bearingbeams,itisrecommendedthatthebearingbeamsbefacedwithametalorhardwoodmemberforaffixingthecontactedges.
5.3.3 Three-Edge Bearings:
5.3.3.1 Three-edge bearings shall consist of an upper member, comprised of a bearing beam on which one contact edge is
located so that it lies in the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the pipe; and a lower member comprised of a
bearing beam on which two contact edges are symmetrically located parallel to that vertical plane.
5.3.3.2 The contact edges shall consist of rubber strips alone, or hardwood strips with plaster of paris fillets. Contact edges shall
uniformly contact the outside barrel of the pipe.
5.3.3.3 The two contact edges on the lower member shall be spaced apart approximately 1 in./ft (83 mm/m) of pipe diameter,
but in no case less than 1 in. (25 mm).
5.3.3.4 Positioning strips may be used to align the upper contact edge and to align and space the lower contact edges. In the
case of rubber contact edges, positioning strips shall not exceed one half of the thickness of the contact edge and may remain in
place.
5.3.3.5 If rubber strips are used as contact edges, they shall be cut or formed from material having a Shore A, instantaneous,
durometer hardness between 45 and 60. The strips shall be of rectangular cross section, having a 2-in. (51-mm) width, and a
thickness not less than 1 in. (25 mm) nor more than 1 ⁄2 in. (38 mm). The contact edges shall be used with the 2-in. (51-mm)
dimension in contact with the bearing beam. Rubber contact edges may be attached to the bearing beam by an adhesive, provided
the contact edge remains firmly fixed in position.
5.3.3.6 If hardwood strips with plaster of paris fillets are used as contact edges, the strips shall be straight, and have a cross
section not less than 1 in. (25 mm) in either direction. The bottom contact edges shall have vertical sides, with the interior top
corners having a radius of approximately ⁄2 in. (13 mm). The contact edges shall be securely fastened to the beams.
5.3.3.7 Plaster of paris fillets shall be cast on hardwood contact edges to provide uniform bearing contact on the pipe barrel.
Fillets shall be cast on the two lower contact edges and on the upper contact edge, along the pipe crown. Sufficient excess plaster
shall be removed from between the two lower contact edges to eliminate the possibility of a single continuous lower contact. The
p
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