ASTM D3759/D3759M-05(2011)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Pressure-Sensitive Tape
Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Pressure-Sensitive Tape
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides information that can be used in material specifications for product design and quality assurance applications. It can be used in comparing different products.
The use of this test method must be related to the purpose for which the test is performed. One purpose is for determining the relative strength of the tape in the size in which it is purchased or used. Another purpose is to identify or characterize a particular backing material.
The test may be performed on the tape as-received, that is, without cutting the material to a specimen width less than the as-received width. Usually tapes wider than 48 mm [2 in.] are not tested due principally to the limitations of equipment. Tapes as narrow as approximately 3 mm [0.125 in.] can be tested.
The test may be performed on a specimen cut from within the sample material boundaries using a sharp razor cutter, such as that defined in Section 6. This method is usually used for material characterization, determining quality of conformance, and for specification compliance.
Stretch characteristics of elongation at break or force to a specified elongation can be related to the tape's intended use or for identifying or characterizing a material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensile strength at break (breaking strength) and stretch properties (elongation) for pressure-sensitive tapes and labels. It includes procedures for machine direction and cross direction, for high-strength filament reinforced backings and for high stretch backings. It also includes a procedure for obtaining force (“F” value) in conjunction with a specified elongation. These procedures employ a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE)-type testing machine.
1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; conversions between measurement systems must be conducted carefully.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3759/D3759M − 05 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Breaking Strength and Elongation of Pressure-Sensitive
Tape
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3759/D3759M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D3715/D3715M Practice for QualityAssurance of Pressure-
Sensitive Tapes
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensile
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
strength at break (breaking strength) and stretch properties
Packaging Components for Testing
(elongation) for pressure-sensitive tapes and labels. It includes
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
procedures for machine direction and cross direction, for
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
high-strength filament reinforced backings and for high stretch
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
backings. It also includes a procedure for obtaining force (“F”
Lot or Process
value) in conjunction with a specified elongation. These
2.2 AFERA Documents (Association Des Fabricants Eu-
procedures employ a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE)-type
ropeens De Reubans Auto-Adhesifs–Europe:
testing machine.
AFERA 4004 Self Adhesive Tapes—Measurement of
1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to
Breaking Strength
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
AFERA4005 SelfAdhesive Tapes—Measurement of Elon-
system may not be exact equivalents; conversions between
gation
measurement systems must be conducted carefully.
2.3 European Norm (EN) Documents:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the EN 1940 Self Adhesive Tapes—Measurement of Breaking
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Strength
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- EN1941 SelfAdhesiveTapes—MeasurementofElongation
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
at Break
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2.4 PSTC Documents (Pressure Sensitive Tape Council):
PSTC 131 Tensile Strength and Elongation of Pressure-
2. Referenced Documents
Sensitive Tapes
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3. Terminology
D828 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper and
3.1 Terminology found in Terminology D996 shall apply.
PaperboardUsingConstant-Rate-of-ElongationApparatus
(Withdrawn 2009)
4. Summary of Test Method
D882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
4.1 Procedure A–Machine Direction for Tapes with Elonga-
Sheeting
tion Under 200 %—A strip of tape is mounted between two
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
clamps aligned in a straight flat plane and force applied at a
ments
specified rate until breaking of the strip of tape occurs. Force
and elongation are determined at the moment of breakage.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
4.2 Procedure B–Machine Direction for Filament Rein-
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape and
forced Tape—Astrip of tape is applied to two drums aligned in
Labels.
a flat plane and force applied until breakage of tape occurs.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D3759/D3759M – 05.
Force and elongation are determined at the moment of break-
DOI: 10.1520/D3759_D3759M-05R11.
age. This procedure may also be suited for other high strength
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tapes such as those with tensilized or highly oriented film
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on backings.
the ASTM website.
4.3 Procedure C–Machine Direction for Tapes with Elon-
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. gation Over 200 %—A strip of tape is mounted between two
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3759/D3759M − 05 (2011)
TABLE 1 Test Preparation and Specimen Dimensions
A
Gage Length, Cross Head Velocity, Specimen Length,
Specimen Width,
mm [in.] mm [in.]/min mm [in.] mm [in.]
A. Machine Direction
100 [4] 300 [12] 12–24 [0.5–1] 225 [9]
Elongation Under 200 %
B. Machine Direction
250 [10] 300 [12] 12–24 [0.5–1] 700 [28]
Reinforced Tapes
C. Machine Direction
50 [2] 50 [2] 12 [0.5] 150 [6]
Elongation Over 200 %
D. Cross Direction 25 [1] 25 [1] 12 [0.5] 125 [5]
A
The specimen widths shown are for tests in which the specimen is cut from within the sample dimension.
clamps aligned in a straight flat plane and force applied at a 6. Apparatus
specified rate until breaking of the strip of tape occurs. Force
6.1 Tension Tester—A constant-rate-of-extension (CRE)
and elongation are determined at moment of breakage.
type with load cell capacity such that the maximum expected
4.4 Procedure D–Cross Direction—A strip of tape is
specimen strength does not exceed 90 % of its normal limit.
mounted between two clamps aligned in a straight flat plane
The tension tester must be capable of the crosshead speeds
and force applied at a specified rate until breaking of the strip
described in Table 1 with tolerances of 610 %.
of tape occurs. Force and elongation are determined at the
6.1.1 The tensile testing machine must be equipped with a
moment of breakage.
measurement system which records the force and deformation
4.4.1 If the sample provides ample material, CD tests may
(elongation) of the test specimen during the test. This may be
be made in the same way machine direction (MD) tests are.
a pen and stylus, digital output, microprocessor, or computer
This would occur with web material or sufficiently wide rolls.
based system. The accuracy should be verified in accordance
4.4.2 If a tape has an ultimate elongation in the cross
with Practice E4 or equivalent.
direction (CD) over 200 %, it is recommended to use the test
6.1.2 Extensometer (Optional)—A suitable instrument, if
preparation for high stretch materials.
desired, may be used for determining the distance between two
4.4.3 Cross direction tests are limited to sample rolls of tape
designated points of the test specimen as the specimen is
at least 48 mm in width.
stretched.
6.1.3 Integrator (Optional)—A suitable instrument,
NOTE 1—Procedures A and B are harmonized to be technically
equivalent with test procedures published by PSTC, AFERA, and EN.
microprocessor, or software analysis system may be used for
Procedures C and D are harmonized to be technically equivalent with test
determining the energy or work required to break the speci-
procedures published by PSTC.
men.
6.1.4 Clamps, preferably the pneumatic action type at least
5. Significance and Use
50 mm [2 in.] wide by 38 mm [1 ⁄2 in.] deep. Faces shall have
5.1 This test method provides information that can be used
a light cross-hatch serration.
in material specifications for product design and quality
NOTE 2—Plastic materials are reduced in width and thickness while
assurance applications. It can be used in comparing different
being stretched. This causes them to be drawn out of the clamps.
products.
Pneumatic clamps minimize this effect. It can be further reduced by the
appropriate choice of surface of the clamps. One improvement, both with
5.2 The use of this test method must be related to the
respect to the above mentioned shrinkage problem and simple slippage,
purpose for which the test is performed. One purpose is for
may be found from the use of urethane film which can be obtained as a
determiningtherelativestrengthofthetapeinthesizeinwhich
pressure-sensitive tape approximately 0.5 mm [20 mils] thick. This
it is purchased or used. Another purpose is to identify or
materialhasaveryhighcoefficientoffriction,issomewhatmalleable,and
characterize a particular backing material.
is easily replaced. Alternative materials are coated abrasive, rubber
(neoprene or other synthetic type), or other tape.
5.2.1 The test may be performed on the tape as-received,
that is, without cutting the material to a specimen width less
6.1.5 Cylinders, in place of clamps for testing high strength
than the as-received width. Usually tapes wider than 48 mm [2
tapes by Procedure B. Each of two cylinders shall be 100 mm
in.] are not tested due principally to the limitations of equip-
[4 in.] in diameter by 38 mm [1.5 in.] thick held in the position
ment. Tapes as narrow as approximately 3 mm [0.125 in.] can
ordinarily occupied by the clamps so that the tape, when
be tested.
applied to the cylinders and extending between them, falls in
5.2.2 The test may be performed on a specimen cut from
the line of stress otherwise occupied by the specimens when
within the sample material boundaries using a sharp razor
clamps are used. See Fig. 1.
cutter, such as that defined in Section 6.This method is usually
6.1.6 Scale (Optional), approximately 22 mm [1 in.] in
used for material characterization, determining quality of
length divided into 2 mm [0.1 in.] increments attached to each
conformance, and for specification compliance.
cylinder. The zero point or (origin) shall be at the point of
5.3 Stretch characteristics of elongation at break or force to tangency of the tape with the cylinder during the test and the
a specified elongation can be related to the tape’s intended use scale shall increase upward on the lower cylinder and down-
or for identifying or characterizing a material. ward on the upper cylinder.
D3759/D3759M − 05 (2011)
7. Sampling
7.1 Acceptance Sampling—Unless otherwise specified, ac-
ceptance sampling shall be in accordance with Practice D3715/
D3715M.
7.2 Sampling for Other Purposes—The sampling and the
number of test specimens depends on the purpose of the
testing. Practice E122 is recommended. It is common to test at
least five specimens of a particular tape.Test specimens should
be taken from several rolls of tape, and whenever possible,
among several production runs of tape. Strong conclusions
about a specific property of a tape cannot be based on tests of
a single unit (roll) of a product.
8. Test Specimens
8.1 Specimens shall have the dimensions shown in Table 1.
8.2 Unwind and discard at least three, but no more than six,
outer wraps of tape from the sample roll before taking
specimens for testing. Test without liners, if any.
8.3 Test one specimen per sample roll, unless otherwise
specified.
8.4 The following applies to non-reinforced tapes for Pro-
FIG. 1 Test Configuration for Reinforced Tapes
cedure A:
8.4.1 Specimen ends that are clamped shall be prepared by
covering the adhesive with paper, some other tape, or an
extension of the specimen. In the latter case the specimen must
NOTE 3—These scales can be used to observe and measure the tape
slippage during the tension test for reinforced tapes. Scales or extensom-
be cut at lest 100 mm [4 in.] longer than defined in Table 1.
eters shall be used for referee testing.
8.4.2 The covering shall be free of wrinkles, leaving the
6.2 Cutter, The specimen cutter shall hold two single-edged
gage-length area uncovered and completely cover the rest of
razor blades in parallel planes a precise distance apart, to form
the specimen so that the clamps will apply uniform pressure
a cutter of exact specimen width. Appropriate widths shall be
against the specimen.
available as specified.
1 8.5 For Procedure D, a special specimen preparation is
6.2.1 The 12 mm [ ⁄2 in.] cutter shall be constructed of
1 recommended for cross-direction (C.D.) specimens from rolls
aluminum bar stock approximately 12 mm [ ⁄2 in.] by 12 mm
1 less than 125 mm [5 in.] in width.
[ ⁄2 in.] by 200 mm [8 in.].The edges, for about 125 mm [5 in.]
8.5.1 Lay two rectangular sample strips on a flat surface
from one end shall be slightly rounded to form a handle. The
with the adhesive side facing up. See Fig. 2. Each strip shall be
width of the bar, for approximately 75 mm [3 in.] from the
opposite end, shall be narrowed to exactly 12 mm [0.500 in.] as wide as the sample roll and approximately 125 mm [5 in.] in
length. Position these strips side by side with one long edge of
minus the thickness of a single razor blade (one of two used as
cutting edges). The razor blades shall be held in position using one strip parallel to and 25 mm [1.0 in.] separated from one
long edge of the second strip.
side plates.The end of the cutter shall be cut away at a 0.75 rad
[45°]angletoexposethecuttingedgesatoneendoftheblades.
8.5.2 Cut a specimen from the sample roll to have the width
The cutting edges shall be separated by 12 6 0.1 mm [0.500 6
specified in Table 1 and length equal to the width of the roll.
0.005 in.]. Other width cutters shall be constructed similarly.
8.5.3 Lay this specimen adhesive side up across the 25-mm
[1.0-in.] separation of the strips. Position it toward one end of
NOTE4—Someofthetraditionaltoolsforspecimenpreparationmustbe
avoided when the backing is comprised of thin plastic sheeting. These the sample strips so that it rests equally on both strips and at a
include chopping dies and sample cutters operating on a shearing
right angle to their parallel edges.
principle.The reason for this restraint is that edges sufficiently ragged and
8.5.3.1 If needed to prevent slippage, cut two additional
damaged resulting from chopping or shearing cause tearing to occur
strips from the sample roll having the same width as the
before the true tensile strength level is reached. Tapes with fibrous
backings may be cut to satisfactory specimens with these tools. specimen. Butt the end of one of these at one end to form a
continuation of the specimen across the remainder of the
sample strip. Use the second strip to butt against the other end
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time of the specimen in like manner.
is Chemsultants International, 9349 Hamilton Dr., Mentor, OH 44061-1118. If you
8.5.3.2 Fold each of the original sample strips over onto
are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
itself to form a three-ply tab that will be gripped by the clamps
International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
...
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