ASTM D8122-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Mass per Unit Area of Geohazard Nettings
Standard Test Method for Determining Mass per Unit Area of Geohazard Nettings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Using a geohazard netting as a medium to retain rock particles necessitates compatibility between it and the adjacent rock. This test method measures the mass per unit area of a geohazard netting which is often specified by design engineers as an indicator of a geohazard netting’s ability to stabilize and control the movement of loose rocks. Knowing a geohazard netting’s mass per unit area is also important in analyzing the anchoring required to support the mesh at the top of a soil or rock slope.
5.2 This test method may also be used for quality control during the manufacturing process and quality assurance that material meets project or material specifications.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is an index test to determine the mass per unit area of geohazard nettings. The mass per unit area is a characteristic of a geohazard netting that contributes to its ability to stabilize and control the movement of loose rocks. There are many different types of geohazard nettings which necessitates a single standard by which all geohazard nettings may be measured.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.2.1 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.2.2 The terms density and unit weight are often used interchangeably. Density is mass per unit volume, whereas, unit weight is force per unit volume. In this standard, density is given only in SI units. After the density has been determined, the unit weight is calculated in SI or inch-pound units, or both.
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practi...
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Aug-2021
- Technical Committee
- D18 - Soil and Rock
- Drafting Committee
- D18.25 - Erosion and Sediment Control Technology
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2015
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2014
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2012
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2012
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2012
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2010
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2009
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2008
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2008
Overview
ASTM D8122-21 is a standard test method developed by ASTM International for determining the mass per unit area of geohazard nettings. Geohazard netting is widely employed in rockfall mitigation, slope stabilization, avalanche prevention, and debris flow control. Understanding the mass per unit area is critical for design engineers, procurement specialists, and quality control teams who need to ensure that these nettings provide the requisite support and durability for controlling the movement of loose rocks and debris on slopes and embankments.
This test method provides a unified, repeatable way to measure this key property across various types of geohazard nettings, including ring nets, wire meshes, wire nets, and composite structures. By following ASTM D8122-21, professionals can compare products, ensure regulatory compliance, and confirm that specified requirements are met.
Key Topics
Mass per Unit Area as a Performance Metric
- The mass per unit area is a primary indicator of a geohazard netting’s ability to contain and stabilize loose rock and debris.
- Accurate measurement supports engineering analysis for anchoring and installation.
Standardized Measurement Procedures
- Provides a clear methodology for sample preparation, specimen conditioning, and mass measurement.
- Details the environmental conditions (temperature, humidity) required for accurate, consistent results.
Quality Control and Assurance
- Can be employed during manufacturing for routine quality control.
- Assists in verifying that delivered materials conform to contract or specification requirements.
Reporting and Data Integrity
- Outlines the necessary reporting details for traceability, including sample details, testing conditions, results, and any deviations from the procedure.
- Promotes clarity and consistency in documentation for audit and project records.
Applications
Slope Stabilization and Rockfall Protection
- Supports the design and selection of netting systems for highway cuttings, mining slopes, and infrastructure protection.
- Helps identify the optimal netting weight and type for various geohazard mitigation scenarios.
Specification Compliance
- Ensures products meet the mass per unit area requirements outlined in project specifications or national regulations.
Production and Material Certification
- Used by manufacturers for product certification and to provide material data sheets to customers.
International Projects
- Facilitates cross-border projects by aligning with internationally recognized test procedures for geohazard netting materials.
Related Standards
For a comprehensive approach to testing and evaluating geohazard nettings, the following ASTM standards are referenced or related:
- ASTM D653 - Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
- ASTM D3740 - Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
- ASTM D4230 - Test Method for Measuring Humidity with Cooled-Surface Condensation (Dew-Point) Hygrometer
- ASTM D4753 - Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction Materials Testing
- ASTM D6026 - Practice for Using Significant Digits and Data Records in Geotechnical Data
Practical Value
Implementing ASTM D8122-21 ensures reliable, consistent data essential for engineering design, manufacturing quality assurance, and compliance verification of geohazard nettings. By adhering to this standardized methodology, organizations reduce risk, enhance safety, and improve the performance and credibility of geohazard mitigation projects.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D8122-21 is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Determining Mass per Unit Area of Geohazard Nettings". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 Using a geohazard netting as a medium to retain rock particles necessitates compatibility between it and the adjacent rock. This test method measures the mass per unit area of a geohazard netting which is often specified by design engineers as an indicator of a geohazard netting’s ability to stabilize and control the movement of loose rocks. Knowing a geohazard netting’s mass per unit area is also important in analyzing the anchoring required to support the mesh at the top of a soil or rock slope. 5.2 This test method may also be used for quality control during the manufacturing process and quality assurance that material meets project or material specifications. Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. SCOPE 1.1 This test method is an index test to determine the mass per unit area of geohazard nettings. The mass per unit area is a characteristic of a geohazard netting that contributes to its ability to stabilize and control the movement of loose rocks. There are many different types of geohazard nettings which necessitates a single standard by which all geohazard nettings may be measured. 1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.2.1 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.2.2 The terms density and unit weight are often used interchangeably. Density is mass per unit volume, whereas, unit weight is force per unit volume. In this standard, density is given only in SI units. After the density has been determined, the unit weight is calculated in SI or inch-pound units, or both. 1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method. 1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practi...
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 Using a geohazard netting as a medium to retain rock particles necessitates compatibility between it and the adjacent rock. This test method measures the mass per unit area of a geohazard netting which is often specified by design engineers as an indicator of a geohazard netting’s ability to stabilize and control the movement of loose rocks. Knowing a geohazard netting’s mass per unit area is also important in analyzing the anchoring required to support the mesh at the top of a soil or rock slope. 5.2 This test method may also be used for quality control during the manufacturing process and quality assurance that material meets project or material specifications. Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. SCOPE 1.1 This test method is an index test to determine the mass per unit area of geohazard nettings. The mass per unit area is a characteristic of a geohazard netting that contributes to its ability to stabilize and control the movement of loose rocks. There are many different types of geohazard nettings which necessitates a single standard by which all geohazard nettings may be measured. 1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.2.1 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.2.2 The terms density and unit weight are often used interchangeably. Density is mass per unit volume, whereas, unit weight is force per unit volume. In this standard, density is given only in SI units. After the density has been determined, the unit weight is calculated in SI or inch-pound units, or both. 1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method. 1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practi...
ASTM D8122-21 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 07.060 - Geology. Meteorology. Hydrology; 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D8122-21 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D4753-24, ASTM D3740-23, ASTM D4230-20, ASTM D3740-19, ASTM D4753-15, ASTM D653-14, ASTM D3740-12a, ASTM D4230-02(2012), ASTM D3740-12, ASTM D653-11, ASTM D3740-11, ASTM D3740-10, ASTM D653-09, ASTM D653-08a, ASTM D653-08. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D8122-21 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8122 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Determining Mass per Unit Area of Geohazard Nettings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8122; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
1.1 This test method is an index test to determine the mass
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
per unit area of geohazard nettings. The mass per unit area is
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
a characteristic of a geohazard netting that contributes to its
of these test methods to consider significant digits used in
ability to stabilize and control the movement of loose rocks.
analysis methods for engineering data.
There are many different types of geohazard nettings which
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
necessitates a single standard by which all geohazard nettings
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
may be measured.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
nonconformance with this standard.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2.1 It is common practice in the engineering/construction
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the
gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to com-
2. Referenced Documents
bine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravita-
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
tional system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the
Fluids
slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
1.2.2 The terms density and unit weight are often used
D4230 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with Cooled-
interchangeably. Density is mass per unit volume, whereas,
Surface Condensation (Dew-Point) Hygrometer
unit weight is force per unit volume. In this standard, density
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
isgivenonlyinSIunits.Afterthedensityhasbeendetermined,
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
the unit weight is calculated in SI or inch-pound units, or both.
Construction Materials Testing
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits and Data Re-
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
cords in Geotechnical Data
Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.
1.3.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
3. Terminology
recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the
3.1 Definitions:
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms used in this
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Sediment Control Technology. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2021. Published September 2021. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D8122-21 the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D8122 − 21
3.2.1 geohazard netting, n—in geohazard mitigation, a ma- being performed readable to 0.5°C or better and having an
terial made typically from steel wire, or wire ropes, or both, accuracy of at least 60.5°.
interwoven or connected in such a manner to create a continu-
6.2 Hygrometer—An instrument used to measure humidity
ous interlaced flexible structure usually used in rockfall, slope
in accordance with ASTM D4230–20.
stabilization, avalanche, and debris flow applications and
includes ring nets, wire mesh, wire nets and wire mesh 6.3 Balance—Balance shall be calibrated and conform to
composites. the requirements of Specification D4753 with a readability
without estimation of 1 g.
3.2.2 ring net, n—in geohazard mitigation, a geohazard
netting consisting of interlocking steel rings connected to
6.4 Cutter—Cutting tools shall be able to cut the netting as
multiple adjoining rings.
per manufacturer’s recommendation.
3.2.3 selvage, n—in geohazard mitigation, a secured junc-
tion or edge treatment produced on geohazard netting during 7. Sampling and Test Specimens
manufacture.
7.1 Cut a laboratory sample of sufficient width and length
3.2.4 wire mesh, n—in geohazard mitigation, a geohazard
along the selvage to provide a minimum of 10 m . Cut each
netting consisting of single steel wires forming a regular
sample to make sure full mesh openings.
pattern.
7.2 The laboratory sample should be free from imp
...
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