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ASTM D5819-22

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Selecting Test Methods for Experimental Evaluation of Geosynthetic Durability

Standard Guide for Selecting Test Methods for Experimental Evaluation of Geosynthetic Durability

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Designers/specifiers of geosynthetics should evaluate geosynthetic durability as an integral part of the geosynthetic specification/selection process. This guide is intended to guide a designer/specifier through a systematic determination of degradation concerns based on the intended geosynthetic function or performance characteristic. This guide then provides a guide to select available test methods for experimentally evaluating geosynthetic durability and to identify areas where no suitable test exists.  
5.2 This guide does not address the evaluation of degradation resulting from manufacturing, handling, transporting, or installing the geosynthetic.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers a designer/specifier through a systematic determination of those factors of the appropriate application environment that may affect the post-construction service life of a geosynthetic. Subsequently, test methods are recommended to facilitate an experimental evaluation of the durability of geosynthetics in a specified environment so that the durability can be considered in the design process.  
1.2 This guide is not intended to address durability issues associated with the manufacturing, handling, transportation, or installation environments.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2022
ICS
19.020 - Test conditions and procedures in general
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.02 - Endurance Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D1204-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM D4833/D4833M-07(2020) - Standard Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related Products
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020
Refers
ASTM D5397-20 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile Load Test
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5819 − 22
Standard Guide for
Selecting Test Methods for Experimental Evaluation of
1
Geosynthetic Durability
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5819; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4716/D4716M Test Method for Determining the (In-plane)
Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity
1.1 This guide covers a designer/specifier through a system-
of a Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
atic determination of those factors of the appropriate applica-
D4833/D4833M Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance
tion environment that may affect the post-construction service
of Geomembranes and Related Products
life of a geosynthetic. Subsequently, test methods are recom-
D4886 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Geotextiles
mended to facilitate an experimental evaluation of the durabil-
(Sandpaper/Sliding Block Method)
ity of geosynthetics in a specified environment so that the
durability can be considered in the design process.
D5101 Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compat-
ibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems
1.2 This guide is not intended to address durability issues
D5262 Test Method for Determining the Unconfined Ten-
associated with the manufacturing, handling, transportation, or
sion Creep and Creep Rupture Behavior of Planar Geo-
installation environments.
synthetics Used for Reinforcement Purposes
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
D5322 Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Liquids
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D5397 Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resis-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Con-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
stant Tensile Load Test
2. Referenced Documents
D5496 Practice for In-Field Immersion Testing of Geosyn-
2
thetics
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5567 Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio
D1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of
Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated (HCR) Testing of Soil/Geotextile Systems
Temperature
D5721 Practice forAir-OvenAging of Polyolefin Geomem-
D1987 TestMethodforBiologicalCloggingofGeotextileor
branes
Soil/Geotextile Filters
D5970/D5970M Test Method for Deterioration of Geotex-
D2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural
tiles from Outdoor Exposure
Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastics
D6992 Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and
D4355/D4355M Test Method for Deterioration of Geotex-
Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-
tiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture, and Heat in a Xenon
Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal
Arc-Type Apparatus
Method
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D7238 Test Method for Effect of Exposure of Unreinforced
D4594/D4594M Test Method for Effects of Temperature on
Polyolefin Geomembrane Using Fluorescent UV Conden-
Stability of Geotextiles
sation Apparatus
D7361 Test Method for Accelerated Compressive Creep of
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Su-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance Properties.
perposition Using the Stepped Isothermal Method
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally
D7406 Test Method for Time-Dependent Compressive De-
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as D5819 – 21. DOI:
10.1520/D5819-22. formation Under Constant Pressure for Geosynthetic
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Drainage Products
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
G160 Practice for Evaluating Microbial Susceptibility of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Nonmetallic Materials By Laboratory Soil Burial
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5819 − 22
3. Terminology 6. Suggested Procedure
3.1 Definitions:
6.1 To utilize a structured procedure for selecting appropri-
3.1.1 For definitions relating to geos
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5819 − 21 D5819 − 22
Standard Guide for
Selecting Test Methods for Experimental Evaluation of
1
Geosynthetic Durability
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5819; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers a designer/specifier through a systematic determination of those factors of the appropriate application
environment that may affect the post-construction service life of a geosynthetic. Subsequently, test methods are recommended to
facilitate an experimental evaluation of the durability of geosynthetics in a specified environment so that the durability can be
considered in the design process.
1.2 This guide is not intended to address durability issues associated with the manufacturing, handling, transportation, or
installation environments.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature
D1987 Test Method for Biological Clogging of Geotextile or Soil/Geotextile Filters
D2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastics
D4355/D4355M Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture, and Heat in a Xenon Arc-Type
Apparatus
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4594/D4594M Test Method for Effects of Temperature on Stability of Geotextiles
D4716/D4716M Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a
Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
D4833/D4833M Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related Products
D4886 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Geotextiles (Sandpaper/Sliding Block Method)
D5101 Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems
D5262 Test Method for Determining the Unconfined Tension Creep and Creep Rupture Behavior of Planar Geosynthetics Used
for Reinforcement Purposes
D5322 Practice for Laboratory Immersion Procedures for Evaluating the Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics to Liquids
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance Properties.
Current edition approved March 1, 2021May 1, 2022. Published March 2021May 2022. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20182021 as
D5819 – 18.D5819 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/D5819-21.10.1520/D5819-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5819 − 22
D5397 Test Method for Evaluation of Stress Crack Resistance of Polyolefin Geomembranes Using Notched Constant Tensile
Load Test
D5496 Practice for In-Field Immersion Testing of Geosynthetics
D5567 Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio (HCR) Testing of Soil/Geotextile Systems
D5721 Practice for Air-Oven Aging of Polyolefin Geomembranes
D5970/D5970M Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles from Outdoor Exposure
D6992 Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature
Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal Method
D7238 Test Method for Effect of Exposure of Unreinforced Polyolefin Geomembrane Using Fluorescent UV Condensation
Apparatus
D7361 Test Method for Accelerated Compressive Creep of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition
Using the Stepped Isothermal Method
D7406 Test Method for Time-Dependent Compressive Deformation Under Constant Pressure for Geosynthetic Drainage
Products
G160 Practice for Evaluating Microbial Susceptibility of Nonmetallic Materials By Laboratory Soil B
...

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ASTM D5818-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Exposure and Retrieval of Samples to Evaluate Installation Damage of Geosynthetics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The ability to maintain design function (for example, reinforcement, separation, barrier, etc.) or design properties (for example, tensile strength, chemical resistance, etc.), or both, of a geosynthetic may be affected by damage to the physical structure of the geosynthetic due to the rigors of field installation. The effect of damage may be assessed by analyzing specimens cut from sample(s) retrieved after installation in a representative test section. Analysis may be performed with visual examination or laboratory testing of specimens from the control sample(s), and from the exhumed sample(s).  
5.2 A uniform practice for installing and retrieving representative sample(s) from a test section is needed to assess installation damage using project-specific or generally accepted, representative materials and procedures. Damage of a specific grade and type of geosynthetic under specific installation procedures may be assessed with sample(s) exhumed from a full-scale test section.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers standardized procedures for obtaining samples of geosynthetics from a test section for use in assessment of the effects of damage immediately after installation caused only by the installation techniques. The assessment may include physical testing. This practice is applicable to any geosynthetic except those installed between layers of aggregate or soil modified by a binder.
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1.2 This practice is limited to full-scale test sections and does not address laboratory modeling of field conditions. This practice does not address which test method(s) to use for quantifying installation damage.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Practice for Exposure and Retrieval of Samples to Evaluate Installation Damage of Geosynthetics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The ability to maintain design function (for example, reinforcement, separation, barrier, etc.) or design properties (for example, tensile strength, chemical resistance, etc.), or both, of a geosynthetic may be affected by damage to the physical structure of the geosynthetic due to the rigors of field installation. The effect of damage may be assessed by analyzing specimens cut from sample(s) retrieved after installation in a representative test section. Analysis may be performed with visual examination or laboratory testing of specimens from the control sample(s), and from the exhumed sample(s).  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers standardized procedures for obtaining samples of geosynthetics from a test section for use in assessment of the effects of damage immediately after installation caused only by the installation techniques. The assessment may include physical testing. This practice is applicable to any geosynthetic except those installed between layers of aggregate or soil modified by a binder.
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1.2 This practice is limited to full-scale test sections and does not address laboratory modeling of field conditions. This practice does not address which test method(s) to use for quantifying installation damage.  
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SCOPE
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16  
Brinell  
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Rockwell  
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Portable  
19  
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4.1 Using the procedures and apparatus in Sections 8 and 9 and the manufacturer's instructions, pressure-tight joints as strong as the pipe itself can be made between manufacturer-recommended combinations of pipe and fittings. See Specification F1055 for performance requirements of polyethylene electrofusion fittings.
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers a group of general requirements that, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order or in an individual specification, shall apply to rolled steel plate, sheet, and strip, under each of the following specifications issued by ASTM: Specifications A240/A240M, A263, A264, A265, A666, A693, A793, and A895.  
1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by waiving a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are shown in brackets, except that when A480M is specified, Annex A3 shall apply for the dimensional tolerances and not the bracketed SI values in Annex A2. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This specification and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished in inch-pound units.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2552-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Assessing the Environmental and Human Health Impacts of New Compounds for Military Use

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a logical, tiered approach in the development of environmental health criteria coincident with level and effort in the research, development, testing, and evaluation of new materials for military use. Various levels of uncertainty are associated with data collected from previous stages. Following the recommendation in the guide should reduce the relative uncertainty of the data collected at each developmental stage. At each stage, a general weight of evidence qualifier shall accompany each exposure/effect relationship. They may be simple (for example, low, medium, or high confidence) or sophisticated using a numerical value for each predictor as a multiplier to ascertain relative confidence in each step of risk characterization. The specific method used will depend on the stage of development, quantity and availability of data, variation in the measurement, and general knowledge of the dataset. Since specific formulations, conditions, and use scenarios may not be known until the later stages, exposure estimates can be determined when practical (for example, Engineering and Manufacturing Development; see 6.6). Exposure data can then be used with other toxicological data collected from previous stages in a quantitative risk assessment to determine the relative degree of hazard.  
5.2 Data developed from the use of this guide are designed to be consistent with criteria required in weapons and weapons system development (for example, programmatic environment, safety and occupational health evaluations, environmental assessments/environmental impact statements, toxicity clearances, and technical data sheets).  
5.3 Information shall be evaluated in a flexible manner consistent with the needs of the authorizing program. This requires proper characterization of the current problem. For example, compounds may be ranked relative to the environmental criteria of the prospective alternatives, the replacement compound, and within bo...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to determine the relative environmental influence of new substances, consistent with the research and development (R&D) level of effort and is intended to be applied in a logical, tiered manner that parallels both the available funding and the stage of research, development, testing, and evaluation. Specifically, conservative assumptions, relationships, and models are recommended early in the research stage, and as the technology is matured, empirical data will be developed and used. Munition constituents are included and may include propellants, oxidizers, explosives, binders, stabilizers, metals, dyes, and other compounds used in the formulation to produce a desired effect. Munition systems range from projectiles, grenades, rockets/missiles, training simulators, to smokes and obscurants. Given the complexity of issues involved in the assessment of environmental fate and effects and the diversity of the systems used, this guide is broad in scope and not intended to address every factor that may be important in an environmental context. Rather, it is intended to reduce uncertainty at minimal cost by considering the most important factors related to human health and environmental impacts of energetic materials. This guide provides an outline for collecting data useful in a relative ranking procedure to provide the systems scientist with a sound basis for prospectively determining a selection of candidates based on environmental and human health criteria. The general principles in this guide are applicable to substances other than energetics if intended to be used in a similar manner with similar exposure profiles.  
1.2 The scope of this guide includes:  
1.2.1 Energetic and other new/novel materials and compositions in all stages of research, development, test and evaluation.  
1.2.2 Environmental assessment, including:
1.2.2.1 Human and ecological effects of the unexploded energetics and ...

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ASTM
ASTM D8042-18(2023)(Test Method)
Test Method for Shrinkage Temperature of Wet Blue and Wet White

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to determine the temperature at which the Wet Blue or Wet White specimen experiences shrinkage. In this test method, shrinkage occurs as a result of hydrothermal denaturation of the collagen protein molecules which make up the fiber structure of the Wet Blue or Wet White. The shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is influenced by many different factors, most of which appear to affect the number and nature of crosslinking interactions between adjacent polypeptide chains of the collagen protein molecules. The value of the shrinkage temperature of Wet Blue or Wet White is commonly used as an indicator of the type of tannage or the degree of tannage, or both, of that particular Wet Blue or Wet White (especially for the more hydrothermally stable tannages such as chrome tannage).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shrinkage temperature of all types of Wet Blue and Wet White. The heating medium is water when the shrinkage temperature is at or below 98 °C. The heating medium is a glycerine-water solution when the shrinkage temperature is above 98 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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