Standard Terminology Relating to Environmental Acoustics

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers terms and definitions related to environmental acoustics. Only definitions common to two or more standards under the jurisdiction of Committee E33 are listed here. The purpose of this terminology is to promote uniformity of key definitions. Definitions pertinent to only one standard and exceptions to the definitions listed below are contained in the individual standards and should be used when following those standards.

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Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2002
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ASTM C634-02 - Standard Terminology Relating to Environmental Acoustics
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:C634–02
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Environmental Acoustics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C634; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
In some of the entries, those that are measures of physical quantities, the term is followed by three
items: symbol, dimensions, and unit. The symbol, in italics, stands for the magnitude of the quantity
in mathematical expressions. The dimensions of a quantity express its measure in terms of three
fundamental quantities: M for mass, L for length, and T for time. Speed, for instance, is the quotient
obtained when the distance an object moves is divided by the time involved. The dimensions are
−1
[LT ], the negative exponent indicating division. The unit is consistently in SI, Le Système
International d’Unités.Those still using the cgs (centimetre-gram-second) or the inchpound system of
units are referred for most of the conversion factors to Practice E380. A few conversion factors are
listed in Section 4 of this terminology.
Thedimensionsofaquantityarethesameregardlessoftheunitsinwhichthequantityismeasured.
−1
Speed has the dimensions [LT ] whether it is measured in miles per hour, feet per second, or metres
per second. Quantities with different dimensions are not the same. Flow resistance and specific flow
resistance, for instance, are quantities of different kinds even though the names are similar. On the
other hand, quantities with the same dimensions are not necessarily of the same kind. Sound energy
−1 −2
density, for instance, has the same dimensions as sound pressure, [ML T ], but it is not a kind of
2
sound pressure. Nor is absorption with the dimensions [L ] a kind of area.
2
1. Scope E413 Classification for Rating Sound Insulation
E492 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact
1.1 This terminology covers terms and definitions related to
Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies
environmental acoustics. Only definitions common to two or
2
Using the Tapping Machine
more standards under the jurisdiction of Committee E33 are
IEEE/ ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
listed here. The purpose of this terminology is to promote
3
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
uniformity of key definitions. Definitions pertinent to only one
2.2 ANSI Standard:
standard and exceptions to the definitions listed below are
4
ANSI S1.4 Specification for Sound Level Meters
contained in the individual standards and should be used when
ANSI S1.6 Preferred Frequencies, Frequency Levels, and
following those standards.
Band Numbers for Acoustical Measurements
2. Referenced Documents ANSIS1.11 Octave-BandandFractionalOctave-BandAna-
log and Digital Filters, Specifications for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Ab-
3. Terminology
2
sorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room Method
3.1 If the term sought by the user cannot be found in 3.2,it
E90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement ofAirborne
may be found in 4.1.
Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Ele-
2 3.2 Terms and Definitions:
ments
−4 −1
E336 Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound
acoustic impedance, Z [ R + jX; [ML T ]; mks acoustic
2
3
Insulation in Buildings
ohm (Pa·s/m )—of a surface, for a given frequency, the
complex quotient obtained when the sound pressure aver-
aged over the surface is divided by the volume velocity
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 on
Building and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee E33.07 on Definitions and Editorial.
3
Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published June 2002. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
4
published as C634–69. Last previous edition C634–01. Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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C634–02
through the surface. The real and imaginary components are
p = 20 µPa, reference sound pressure, and
0
called, respectively, acoustic resistance and acoustic reac-
L = an individual sound pressure level, dB.
i
tance.
If conditions warrant, an integral expression may be used:
acoustical barrier—contiguous objects such as solid walls,
t2
buildings,orearthenbermsthatsubstantiallyblockthedirect 1
2 2
¯
L 510log ~p ~t!/p !dt
p S * 0 D
T t1
path of sound between a source and receiver
...

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