ASTM D3319-00
(Practice)Standard Practice for Accelerated Polishing of Aggregates Using the British Wheel
Standard Practice for Accelerated Polishing of Aggregates Using the British Wheel
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure by which an estimate may be made of the extent to which different coarse aggregates may polish.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
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Designation:D3319–00
Standard Practice for the
Accelerated Polishing of Aggregates Using the British
Wheel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3319; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure by which an 4.1 This practice simulates the polishing action of vehicular
estimate may be made of the extent to which different coarse traffic on coarse aggregates used in bituminous pavements.
aggregates may polish. 4.2 Apolish value is determined that may be used to rate or
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the classify coarse aggregates for their ability to resist polishing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the under traffic.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 Accelerated Polishing Machine —An accelerated pol-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded ishing machine, also known as the British Wheel, and based
upon a 1958 design by the Road Research Laboratory of Great
as the standard.
Britain. This machine shall be mounted on a firm, rigid, and
2. Referenced Documents
level base. The equipment shall include the following:
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.1.1 Cylindrical Wheel, hereafter referred to as the road
C 778 Specification for Standard Sand wheel, and having a flat-surface periphery and of such size and
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates shape as to permit 14 specimens described below to be
D 1415 Test Method for Rubber Property—International clamped onto the periphery to form a continuous surface of
Hardness aggregate particles, 1 ⁄4 in. (44.45 mm) wide and 16 in. (406.4
E 303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Prop- mm) in diameter.
erties Using the British Pendulum Tester 5.1.2 Ameans of rotating the road wheel about its own axis
E 501 Specification for Standard Rib Tire for Pavement at a speed of 320 6 5 rpm.
Skid-Resistance Tests 5.1.3 A means of bringing the surface of a rubber-tired
wheel 8 in. (203.2 mm) in diameter and 2 in. (50.8 mm) wide
3. Terminology
to bear on the aggregate specimens mounted on the surface of
3.1 Definitions:
the road wheel with a total load of 88 6 1 lbf (391.44 6 4.45
3.1.1 initial friction value, n—the initial British Pendulum N). The tire shall be treated, if necessary, to obtain a true
Tester readings on the test specimens before they are polished
running surface. The tire shall be free to rotate about its own
in the accelerated polishing machine. axis,whichshouldbeparalleltotheaxisoftheroadwheel.The
3.1.2 polish value, n—a measure of the state of polish
plane of rotation of the tire shall coincide with that of the road
reached by a test specimen subjected to accelerated polishing wheel. Before a new tire is used on a test, it shall be
using the materials, equipment, and procedures described in
conditioned by a preliminary run of 6 h with a 150-grit silicon
this method. The measurement is made using the British carbide using dummy specimens (extra or used) on the road
Pendulum Tester as described in 5.3 and Test Method E 303.
wheel.
5.1.3.1 Alternate Tire No. 1—An industrial 8 by 2 pneu-
matic smooth-tread handtruck tire (Note 1). The tire rubber
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and
hardness shall be 55 6 5 IRHD measured in accordance with
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on
Test Method D 1415. The tire shall be inflated to a pressure of
Aggregate Tests.
45 6 2 psi (310.26 6 13.79 kPa).
Current edition approved July 10, 2000. Published September 2000. Originally
published as D 3319 – 74 T. Last previous edition D 3319 – 99.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03. Available from Wessex Engineering and Metal Craft Co., Ltd., Merchants
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01. Barton, Frome, Somerset, England.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3319
NOTE 1—This is the tire originally supplied with the Accelerated
6.2 Fine Sand—A supply of fine sand for sifting into the
Polishing Machine and known by the tire manufacturer’s designation
interstices of the aggregate prior to placing of the bonding
Dunlop RLI 8 by 2. Dunlop discontinued manufacturing of this tire in
material. Standard sand conforming to Specification C 778 has
February 1979. It is retained as an alternate in this practice for those users
been found suitable for this purpose.
who may still have a supply and in the event that Dunlop should resume
6.3 Mold Release Agent—The use of a mold release agent is
manufacturing it in the future.
optional.Amold release agent may be used to prevent bonding
5.1.3.2 Alternate Tire No. 2—An industrial 2.80 by 4 (8 in.
between the mold and the bonding material. Silicon release
OD by 4 in. ID), 4 NHS-4 ply, cross-hatch pattern tread
agent and paste wax as used for automobiles and floors has
hand-truck tire (Note 2). The tire shall be inflated to a pressure
been found suitable. The user should use care to prevent this
of 35 6 2 psi (241.32 6 13.79 kPa).
agent from being absorbed by the aggregate as it could affect
NOTE 2—When it became known that the Dunlop tire (5.1.3.1) was no
the measured polish value.
longer being manufactured, the necessity of finding a replacement tire for
6.4 Silicon Carbide Grit—A supply of silicon carbide grit
the practice was evident. A search and study by the Texas State
(150-grit size) to be used as the polishing agent. Grit should be
Department of Highways and Public Transportation culminated in finding
checked for gradation using Nos. 100 (150 µm), 140 (106 µm)
this tire, a Goodyear Industrial All Weather Hand-Truck tire size 2.80 by
and 200 (75 µm) sieves and separated if necessary to maintain
4 (Goodyear Product Code 202-008-002), to give Polish Values equal to
those obtained with the Dunlop tire. A suitable inner-tube such as a uniform gradation passing the 100 (150 µm) sieve and
Goodyear G250-4 (Product Code 199-010-700) is necessary. It was also
retained on the 200 (75 µm) sieve.
found necessary to modify the 4-in. wheel furnished with theAccelerated
6.5 Bonding Agent—A supply of polyester resin and cata-
Polish Machine to facilitate mounting the Goodyear tire. Approximately
lyst (or another suitable bonding material, such as an epoxy
0.10 in. should be removed from the wheel diameter and a larger hole
resin) having a pot life of 20 to 30 min and a curing time of 3
provided for the value stem. This did not affect mounting and use of the
to 6 h. This bonding agent shall not be so fluid as to flow
Dunlop tire.
through the fine sand.
5.1.4 A means to feed the 150-grit silicon carbide abrasive
6.5.1 An optional bonding agent may be used to eliminate
at the rate given in 8.5. The grit shall be fed continuously and
use of the fine sand. This bonding agent must be quite viscous
with a uniform distribution across the width of the specimens.
so that it will not flow completely around the aggregate
The grit shall be applied directly onto the road wheel surface
particles and become part of the surface of the test specimen.
ahead of the point of contact with the rubber-tired wheel.
Examples of suitable materials are given in Appendix X1.
5.1.5 A means to feed the water at the rate given in 8.5 in
6.5.2 Follow the manufacturer’s precautions concerning
such a way that the water is spread continuously and uniformly
storage and use of resin and catalyst.
over the surface of the road wheel ahead of the point of contact
3 3
6.6 Coarse Aggregate—Approximately a ⁄2 ft (0.014 m )
with the rubber-tired wheel.
supply of coarse aggregate to be tested and sampled in
5.2 Metal Molds—A number of accurately machined metal
accordance with Practice D 75. The aggregate shall be normal
molds for preparing specimens.The specimen formed is 3.5 by
plant run but laboratory-crushed material may be tested, if so
1.75 by 0.63 in. (88.90 by 44.45 by 16.0 mm) and shall be
identified.
curved to fit on a surface having an 8-in. (203-mm) radius of
curvature.
7. Test and Control Specimens
5.3 British Pendulum Tester—A friction-measuring device.
The British Pendulum Tester used shall conform to Method
7.1 At least five test specimens for each coarse aggregate
E 303.
shall be tested.
5.3.1 The slider contact path shall be 3 6 ⁄16 in. (76.20 6
7.2 Laboratories evaluating only a few coarse aggregates
1.59 mm).
each year shall include standard laboratory control specimens
5.3.2 The slider width shall be 1 ⁄4 in. (31.75 mm).
in each run. Two sets containing five test specimens each will
5.3.3 The rubber that is bonded to the slider shall be ⁄4 by
allow the inclu
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