ASTM F2687-13(2019)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Commercial Food Service Equipment
Standard Practice for Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Commercial Food Service Equipment
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The results of the analysis may be used to compare to similar pieces of commercial food service equipment to determine the unit that has the lowest life cycle cost, or the highest net present value.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice for life cycle cost analysis of commercial food service equipment is designed for producers and end-users to utilize when forecasting and (or) evaluating the life cycle costs of equipment by accounting for tangible differences in operating and maintenance costs of commercial food service equipment. Results of the analysis detailed in this standard practice are intended for budgetary purposes.
1.1.1 The results may also be used to compare projected life cycle cost of different models from a single manufacturer, or models manufactured by multiple suppliers, or to establish when it is cost effective to replace a specific equipment versus incurring continued maintenance expenses.
1.2 Major categories included in this analysis include total purchase price, service and repair costs, preventative maintenance costs, utility operating costs and disposal costs. The results may be quantified as a yearly running total and a net present value.
1.3 Inputs for this life-cycle analysis will need to come from a variety of sources, including manufacturers, service agents, utility companies, and end users. Not all input variables need be considered for effective analysis. To avoid skewing the results, sections where reliable estimates are not available should be left out of the analysis.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2687 − 13 (Reapproved 2019) An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Commercial Food Service
Equipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice for life cycle cost analysis of commercial
F1275 Test Method for Performance of Griddles
food service equipment is designed for producers and end-
F1361 Test Method for Performance of Open Deep Fat
users to utilize when forecasting and (or) evaluating the life
Fryers
cyclecostsofequipmentbyaccountingfortangibledifferences
F1484 Test Methods for Performance of Steam Cookers
in operating and maintenance costs of commercial food service
F1496 Test Method for Performance of Convection Ovens
equipment. Results of the analysis detailed in this standard
F1521 Test Methods for Performance of Range Tops
practice are intended for budgetary purposes.
F1605 Test Method for Performance of Double-Sided
1.1.1 The results may also be used to compare projected life
Griddles
cycle cost of different models from a single manufacturer, or
F1695 Test Method for Performance of Underfired Broilers
models manufactured by multiple suppliers, or to establish
F1696 Test Method for Energy Performance of Stationary-
when it is cost effective to replace a specific equipment versus
Rack, Door-Type Commercial Dishwashing Machines
incurring continued maintenance expenses.
F1704 Test Method for Capture and Containment Perfor-
1.2 Major categories included in this analysis include total
mance of Commercial Kitchen Exhaust Ventilation Sys-
purchase price, service and repair costs, preventative mainte-
tems
nance costs, utility operating costs and disposal costs. The
F1784 Test Method for Performance of a Pasta Cooker
results may be quantified as a yearly running total and a net
F1785 Test Method for Performance of Steam Kettles
present value.
F1786 Test Method for Performance of Braising Pans
1.3 Inputsforthislife-cycleanalysiswillneedtocomefrom F1787 Test Method for Performance of Rotisserie Ovens
F1817 Test Method for Performance of Conveyor Ovens
a variety of sources, including manufacturers, service agents,
utility companies, and end users. Not all input variables need F1920 Test Method for Performance of Rack Conveyor
Commercial Dishwashing Machines
be considered for effective analysis. To avoid skewing the
results, sections where reliable estimates are not available F1964 Test Method for Performance of Pressure Fryers
F1965 Test Method for Performance of Deck Ovens
should be left out of the analysis.
F1991 Test Method for Performance of Chinese (Wok)
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Ranges
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
F2022 Test Method for Performance of Booster Heaters
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
F2093 Test Method for Performance of Rack Ovens
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
F2140 Test Method for Performance of Hot Food Holding
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Cabinets
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
F2141 Test Method for Performance of Self-Serve Hot Deli
Cases
F2142 Test Method for Performance of Drawer Warmers
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F26 on Food
Service Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F26.05 on Life
Cycle Cost and Sustainability. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2019. Published July 2019. Originally approved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F2687 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
F2687-13R19. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2687 − 13 (2019)
F2143 Test Method for Performance of Refrigerated Buffet 3.1.5 annual gas consumption (therms)—average annual
and Preparation Tables gas usage rate for the appliance during its lifespan for this
F2144 Test Method for Performance of Large Open Vat analysis in therms.
Fryers
3.1.6 annual preventative maintenance costs— assumes ex-
F2237 Test Method for Performance of Upright Overfired
penses to perform preventative maintenance and repair as
Broilers
outlined by the product’s original manufacturer; assumes parts,
F2238 Test Method for Performance of Rapid Cook Ovens
labor, travel, supplies and additional costs incurred during a
F2239 Test Method for Performance of Conveyor Broilers
fiscal year.
F2324 Test Method for Prerinse Spray Valves
3.1.7 annual service and repair costs—assumes expenses to
F2379 Test Method for Energy Performance of Powered
perform non-scheduled service and repair on the product
Open Warewashing Sinks
during a fiscal year; includes parts, labor, travel, supplies and
F2380 Test Method for Performance of Conveyor Toasters
additional costs.
F2472 Test Method for Performance of Staff-Serve Hot Deli
Cases
3.1.8 annual water consumption (ccf)—average annual wa-
F2473 Test Method for Performance of Water-Bath Rether-
ter usage rate for the appliance during its lifespan for this
malizers
analysis in thousands of cubic feet.
F2474 Test Method for Heat Gain to Space Performance of
3.1.9 annualized maintenance cost—total annual cost of a
Commercial Kitchen Ventilation/Appliance Systems
service maintenance contract that includes material (parts),
F2519 TestMethodforGreaseParticleCaptureEfficiencyof
labor, travel and other related costs for the period of ownership
Commercial Kitchen Filters and Extractors
after the warranty has expired.
F2644 Test Method for Performance of Commercial Patio
Heaters 3.1.10 anticipated equipment lifespan (yr)—expected lifes-
pan of the appliance for the purpose of this analysis or the
F2795 Test Method for Performance of Self-Contained Soft
Serve and Shake Freezers expected years after which the appliance will be replaced. This
maybeprojectedbasedoninputfromthemanufacturer,dealer,
F2861 Test Method for Enhanced Performance of Combina-
user’s experience or expected operating environment.
tion Oven in Various Modes
F2975 Test Method for Measuring the Field Performance of
3.1.11 discount rate—discount rate is defined as the rate
Commercial Kitchen Ventilation Systems
used to convert future costs or benefits to their present value.
F2990 Test Method for Commercial Coffee Brewers
Discounting determines the value, in today’s dollars, of a
2.2 ASHRAE Standard: benefit that will be realized at a future date. This rate varies
according to interest and inflation rates.
ASHRAE Standard 72-2005 Method of Testing Commercial
Refrigerators and Freezers
3.1.12 disposal costs—assumes expenses related to
2.3 ARI Standard:
decommission,dismantle,disposeand/orrecycletheproductat
ARI Standard 810-2006 Performance Rating of Automatic the end of its life cycle.
Commercial Ice Machines
3.1.13 electricity rate (USD/kWh)—electric power rate in
USD per kWh. Either the local or regional rate where the
3. Terminology
appliance is located or national average rate may be used.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.14 estimated install time (h)—estimated time to install
3.1.1 additional operating costs—assumes miscellaneous
the appliance in hours.
operating expenses required for operation, including consum-
3.1.15 estimated teardown time (h)—labor hours required
able supplies, for example, air or water filters.
for teardown.
3.1.2 additional setup costs/quoted installation— other in-
3.1.16 extended warranty cost—cost of extended warranty
stallation costs such as material, travel charges etc.
if not included in purchase price. Typically this includes the
3.1.3 additional teardown costs—other special costs that
additional cost of warranty for equalization of warranty period
may be incurred and can be allocated to equipment teardown
from different manufacturers.
such as special license, dismantling of components containing
3.1.17 freight charges—cost of shipping the appliance from
hazardous materials etc.
supplier FOB location to desired destination.
3.1.4 annual electricity consumption (kWh)—average an-
3.1.18 gas rate (USD/therm)—gas (natural or propane) rate
nual electric power usage rate for the appliance during its
in USD per therm. Either the local or regional rate where the
lifespan for this analysis in kWh.
appliance is located or national average rate may be used.
3.1.19 hazardous material costs—special fees or surcharges
3 that may be levied for removal and/or disposal of hazardous
Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA materials in the appliance or its components.
30329, http://www.ashrae.org.
3.1.20 hourly labor cost—hourly labor rate of servicing the
Available fromAir-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI), 4100 North
Fairfax Drive, Suite 200, Arlington, VA 22203. appliance during the first year of ownership period after the
F2687 − 13 (2019)
warranty has expired. Either the local rate where the appliance mended by the manufacturer. Examples of such supplies
is located or national average rate may be used. include water filter, oil filter, de-liming solution, replaceable
lining etc. but excluding preventive maintenance items.
3.1.21 hourly labor cost—the average annual cost of non-
unit producing labor in USD/hour to clean and maintain the
3.1.37 supplies inflation rate—estimated annual inflation
appliance on a regular basis (excluding preventative mainte- rate of supplies during ownership period.
nance).
3.1.38 tax rate—total state and local sales tax rate as a
3.1.22 install labor rate—hourly labor rate for installation
percentage.
labor.
3.1.39 total accessories price—cost of accessories required
3.1.23 in-store training/demo costs—cost of materials, labor
to operate the appliance efficiently. When comparing multiple
or travel for initial training of store personnel and/or demon-
models, add (or deduct) cost of accessories or options that are
stration of the new appliance by dealer. This does not include
needed for equal effectiveness between two models or suppli-
recurring training expense for periodic training or new em-
ers.
ployee training.
3.1.40 total annual electricity cost—annual cost of electric-
3.1.24 labor inflation rate—estimated annual inflation rate
ity for using the appliance in USD.
of hourly labor rate during ownership period but after the
3.1.41 total annual gas cost—annual cost of gas fuel for
warranty has expired.
using the appliance in USD.
3.1.25 labor rate—hourly labor rate of servicing technician
3.1.42 total annual labor cost—average annual labor costs
for teardown of the appliance at the end of appliance lifespan.
for operation of the appliance during its lifespan in USD.
Either the local rate where the appliance is located or national
3.1.43 total annual utility cost—average annual utility costs
average rate may be used.
for operating the appliance during its lifespan in USD.
3.1.26 net present value—the net present value represents
3.1.44 total annual water/sewer cost—annual cost of water
the total amount of funds required to purchase, operate and
and sewer for using the appliance in USD.
maintain the equipment of its expected lifespan using the
current value of those funds, based on the discount rate.
3.1.45 total initial cost—total cost of appliance that will be
used in calculating life cycle cost.
3.1.27 operating labor cost—non-unit producing labor costs
includes annual labor to clean and maintain the appliance on a
3.1.46 total installation/commissioning cost—costofinstal-
regular basis (excluding preventative maintenance). Unit pro-
lation and commissioning that will be used in calculating life
ducing labor costs includes incremental gains due to reduced
cycle cost. Does not include equipment training costs.
labor required for production. This is useful for comparing
3.1.47 total labor hours—average annual labor hours ex-
similar but different processes.
pended by non-unit producing personnel during the lifespan of
3.1.28 other costs—other annual costs of servicing the
this appliance.
appliance during ownership period but after the warranty has
3.1.48 total teardown/decommissioning cost—total cost of
expired, that can be quantified such as supplies, disruption etc.
uninstalling the utility hook-ups from the appliance and re-
3.1.29 parts inflation rate—estimated annual inflation rate
moval of any special mounting adaptations.
of replacement parts during ownership period but after the
3.1.49 utility cost summary—assumes utility expenses to
warranty has expired.
operate the product during a fiscal year, including electric, gas,
3.1.30 purchase price—net price that will be paid to the
water and sewer connection costs.
dealer or manufacturer for this appliance.
3.1.50 utility inflation rate—estimated annual inflation rate
3.1.31 rebates/incentives—value of total rebates from
of utilities during ownership period. An average rate for gas,
utilities, manufacturer, government or any other source, that is
electric and water/sewer may be used for the purpose of this
not included in purchase price.
analysis.
3.1.32 replacement part cost—cost of parts that will be
3.1.51 warranty period—warranty period of the appliance
purchased for service during the first year of ownership period
for the purpose of this analyses in years, rounded to 1st
after the warranty has expired.
decimal.
3.1.33 setup/installation costs—assumes expenses to ship
3.1.52 water rate (USD/ccf)—water utility supply rate in
the product, install, set-up and conduct initial training.
USD per thousand cubic feet (USD/ccf). Either the local or
3.1.34 sewer rate (USD/ccf)—sewage water disposal rate in
regional rate where the appliance is located or national average
USD per thousand cubic feet (USD/ccf). Either the local rate
rate may be used.
where the appliance is located or national average rate may be
used.
4. Summary of Practice
3.1.35 start-up cost—any other cost of material, labor or
4.1 Detailed information is gathered on the capital outlay,
f
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