ASTM D3930-08(2023)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Adhesives for Wood-Based Materials for Construction of Manufactured Homes
Standard Specification for Adhesives for Wood-Based Materials for Construction of Manufactured Homes
ABSTRACT
This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semistructural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having woodbased surfaces at the bondline. The adhesives can be classified according to resistance to deformation: Group A or structural, and Group B or semistructural. Also, the adhesives may be designated into three types, according to their recommended use based on their resistance to water and water vapor: Type 1 for interior and exterior use, Type 2 for weather-protected interior use, and Type 3 for interior use only. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of adhesives: shear strength, gap-filling ability, total deformation resistance, moisture and temperature limitation during fabrication, high-temperature resistance, low-temperature resistance, moisture resistance, aging, oxidation resistance, and mold resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semi-structural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having wood-based surfaces at the bondline. This specification does not cover other adhesives used in manufactured homes such as adhesives for carpet, floor tile, ceramic fixtures, plastic laminates, trim and millwork, and similar nonstructural applications.
1.1.1 The performance of the adhesives is measured in the following tests:
Number
Test
Section
1
Low Temperature
16
2
Dry Lumber
17
3
Gap-Filling
18
4
High Temperature
19
5
Type 3 Qualification
20
6
Type 2 Qualification
21
7
Aging, Film Oxidation
22
8
Aging, Bond Oxidation
23
9
Resistance to Deformation, Creep
24
10
Mold
25
11
Type 1 Qualification
26
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3930 − 08 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Specification for
Adhesives for Wood-Based Materials for Construction of
Manufactured Homes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3930; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This specification provides a standard for measuring and evaluating the performance of adhesives
that will be used in joints of wood-based materials in constructing manufactured homes. This
specification has two parts: Part I contains the requirements necessary for an adhesive to conform to
this specification; and Part II provides test methods by which the performance of the adhesives will
be measured. A classification system is provided that groups adhesives according to resistance to
deformation under load, resistance to moisture, and gap-filling ability. Minimum test values have been
specified for certain properties of durability, while other property requirements are left open-ended.
The test methods used to obtain these values reflect adverse exposure and stress conditions that exist
during the construction, transit, and use of manufactured homes. By using values published from these
prescribed test methods, the design engineer can select an adhesive that best meets the requirements
of a specific adhesive application.
The test methods used in this specification were developed predominantly from existing ASTM
standards, while others came from standards that have been generally accepted for years. Some test
methods were more recently developed. In most instances, only parts of these standards have been
used in this specification. Since no precision and bias statements are available from the original test
methods, none can be made for this specification at this time.
PART I— REQUIREMENTS
1. Scope
Number Test Section
1 Low Temperature 16
1.1 This specification provides the means to measure and
2 Dry Lumber 17
evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semi-
3 Gap-Filling 18
4 High Temperature 19
structural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes.
5 Type 3 Qualification 20
Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood,
6 Type 2 Qualification 21
particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having wood- 7 Aging, Film Oxidation 22
8 Aging, Bond Oxidation 23
based surfaces at the bondline. This specification does not
9 Resistance to Deformation, Creep 24
cover other adhesives used in manufactured homes such as
10 Mold 25
adhesives for carpet, floor tile, ceramic fixtures, plastic 11 Type 1 Qualification 26
laminates, trim and millwork, and similar nonstructural appli-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
cations.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
1.1.1 The performance of the adhesives is measured in the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
following tests:
and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.70 on Construction
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Adhesives.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D3930 – 08 (2015).
DOI: 10.1520/D3930-08R23. mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3930 − 08 (2023)
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- differ from standards in electronics. Some adhesives will bond
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- by bridging without completely filling the gap; others by filling
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the the gap completely.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 4
3.2.1 manufactured home —a structure, transportable in
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
one or more sections which in the traveling mode is 8 body feet
or more in width or 40 body feet or more in length or when
2. Referenced Documents
erected on site, is 320 or more square feet and which is built on
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a permanent chassis and designed to be used as a dwelling with
A269 Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic
or without a permanent foundation when connected to the
Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service
required utilities, and includes the plumbing, heating, air-
A376/A376M Specification for Seamless Austenitic Steel
conditioning, and electrical systems contained therein. Calcu-
Pipe for High-Temperature Service
lations used to determine the number of square feet in a
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-
structure will be based on the structure’s exterior dimensions
ucts
measured at the largest horizontal projections when erected on
D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive site. These dimensions will include all expandable rooms, bay
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
windows, cabinets, and other projections containing interior
D907 Terminology of Adhesives space.
D1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-
3.2.2 semi-structural adhesive—an adhesive capable of
Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-
transferring required loads between adherends and which
sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
deforms a maximum of 0.050 in. (1.27 mm) under static load
D1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Soft-
when tested in accordance with Test 9, Section 24.
woods
3.2.3 structural adhesive—an adhesive capable of transfer-
D2294 Test Method for Creep Properties of Adhesives in
ring required loads between adherends and which deforms a
Shear by Tension Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
maximum of 0.006 in. (0.15 mm) under static load when tested
D2339 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in
in accordance with Test 9, Section 24.
Two-Ply Wood Construction in Shear by Tension Loading
3.2.4 total deformation—the total dimensional change with
D3110 Specification for Adhesives Used in Laminate Joints
time of a material under constant load, and consisting of the
for Nonstructural Glued Lumber Products (Withdrawn
initial instantaneous elastic or rapid deformation and the slower
1996)
time dependent deformation or creep.
D3632 Test Method for Accelerated Aging of Adhesive
Joints by the Oxygen-Pressure Method
3.2.5 Type 1 adhesive—an adhesive that will retain its bond
D3931 Test Method for Determining Strength of Gap-Filling
integrity when the joint is repeatedly wetted and dried.
Adhesive Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
3.2.6 Type 2 adhesive—an adhesive intended for use in
D4300 Test Methods for Ability of Adhesive Films to
protected locations but that will maintain its bond integrity
Support or Resist the Growth of Fungi
when the bond is subjected to occasional wetting.
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
3.2.7 Type 3 adhesive—an adhesive intended for use in
E41 Terminology Relating to Conditioning (Withdrawn
3 interior locations, but that will maintain its bond integrity
2019)
during conditions of high humidity.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—The following ASTM standards may be referred to for other
terms used in this specification: D9, Terms Relating to Timber; D907,
3.1 Definitions:
Terms Relating to Adhesives; D1165, Nomenclature of Domestic Hard-
3.1.1 Many terms in this specification are defined in Termi-
woods and Softwoods; E6, Terms Relating to Methods of Mechanical
nology D907.
Testing; and E41, Terms Relating to Conditioning.
3.1.2 creep, n—in an adhesive, the time-dependent increase
4. Classification
in strain resulting from a sustained stress.
4.1 Adhesives shall be classified as follows (see Table 1):
3.1.3 gap-filling adhesive, n—an adhesive capable of form-
4.1.1 By resistance to deformation as:
ing and maintaining a bond between surfaces that are not
4.1.1.1 Group A, Structural; or Group B, Semistructural,
close-fitting.
4.1.2 By resistance to water and water vapor as:
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Close fitting is relative to a given
4.1.2.1 Type 1, Type 2, or Type 3, and
material and industry; for example, standards in construction
4.1.3 By gap-filling ability.
4.1.3.1 Those adhesives tested in accordance with Test 3,
Section 18, shall carry the designation G/F.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on This definition conforms to that of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
the ASTM website. Development (Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on 1974 as amended in proposed rules in the Federal Register, Vol 48, No. 152, Aug.
www.astm.org. 7, 1981, pp. 40498 to 40500).
D3930 − 08 (2023)
TABLE 1 Tests Required for Group A (Structural), and Group B
5.5 High- and Low-Temperature Resistance—The adhesive
(Semi-Structural) Adhesives
is tested at high and low temperatures to determine whether
Tests Required
extremes in temperature would cause problems in bonding.
Type Recommended Use
(Test Number)
A B 5.6 Moisture Resistance—The adhesive is tested at three
1 interior-exterior 1, 2, 4, 7 (or 8), 9, 10, 11
A
2 interior-weather protected 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 (or 8), 9, 10 levels of exposure. Adhesive durability for Type 1 is deter-
A
3 interior 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 (or 8), 9, 10
mined by exposure to a cyclic boil and a vacuum-pressure test.
A
To qualify as G/F (gap-filling), adhesives must be tested by Test 3, Section 18.
For Type 2, a vacuum-soak is used. For Type 3, a humidity test
B
The exposure and testing conditions for the cyclic-boil and vacuum-pressure
at elevated temperature is used.
tests, described in the Exposure Conditions and Treatments section of Specifica-
tion D3110, shall apply to Test 11.
5.7 Aging, Oxidation Resistance—To ensure that the adhe-
sive does not become embrittled or substantially deteriorate
with age, the adhesive film or tensile lap shear specimens
bonded with the adhesive, are exposed to pure oxygen at an
5. Significance and Use
elevated temperature and pressure.
5.1 Shear Strength—This specification requires determining
5.8 Mold Resistance—Conditions fostering the growth of
ultimate shear strength of adhesive bonds under a variety of
mold are encountered in the structural spaces of walls, floors,
conditions of assembly and service.
and roofs. The adhesive is tested against three species of mold
5.2 Gap-Filling Ability—Gap-filling adhesives must be ca- commonly present on wood, either as separate tests or as a
pable of maintaining a bond between construction members single test with a mixed culture of the mold species.
whose faying surfaces are not closely matched. The gap-filling
ability and shear strength are determined for ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) 6. Test Methods
gap between members. The adhesive manufacturer may qualify
6.1 The tests required for compliance with this specification
larger gap-filling abilities, provided the adhesive is tested and
are given in Table 1.
shear values are provided for the greater dimension.
6.2 The compliance criteria for Tests 1 through 11, Sections
5.3 Total Deformation Resistance—The total deformation of
16 – 26, are given in Table 2.
an adhesive under static load is used to establish the structural
6.2.1 For Tests 1 through 6, Sections 16 – 21, and Test 11,
grouping for the adhesive. The adhesive manufacturer deter-
Section 26, only test results must be reported.
mines the maximum shear stress below which the adhesive will
6.2.1.1 Type 1 adhesives in Group A or Group B shall be
perform structurally and semi-structurally in accordance with
evaluated on the basis of test specimens prepared in accordance
the description of terms used in this specification, and also
with Sections 14 and 26, and subsequently exposed and tested
reports the stress used for testing the adhesive. To ensure that
in accordance with the procedures for the cyclic-boil and
the total deformation is approaching a zero rate of increase, no
vacuum-pressure tests specified for wet-use adhesives in the
more than 25 % of the deformation is allowed to occur during
Exposure Conditions and Treatments section of Specification
the last half of the test period.
D3110. The only exception is that average strength values shall
5.4 Moisture and Temperature Limitations During be reported in pounds-force per square inch (or megapascals).
Fabrication—Adhesives may be used under a wide variety of 6.2.2 Minimum performance levels are given for Test 7,
moisture and temperature conditions. To ensure reliable per- Section 22; Test 8, Section 23; and Test 10, Section 25.
formance under test conditions, adhesive shear strength is 6.2.3 For Test 9, Section 24, an evaluation shall be made on
determined for specified adverse moisture and temperature the basis of the loads used to test the adhesive for total
conditions. deformation.
TABLE 2 Performance Requirements
Test Number Section Number Test Description Requirements
Conditions of Application:
A
1 16 low temperature shear strength
A
2 17 dry lumber shear strength
A
3 18 gap-filling shear strength
Measurements of Durability:
A
4 19 high temperature shear strength
A
5 20 Type 3 Qualification shear strength
A
6 21 Type 2 Qualification shear strength
7 22 aging, film oxidation one, 180° bend around a ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) mandrel with none of
the 5 specimens breaking
8 23 aging, bond oxidation maintain 50 % of original shear strength
B
9 24 resistance to deformation (creep) Group A: 0.006 in. (0.152 mm)
B
Group B: 0.050 in. (1.27 mm)
10 25 mold no growth after 14 days
A
11 26 Type 1 Qualification shear strength
A
Post average shear strength.
B
Maximum allowable total deformation under given load and conditions of 24.2.2.
D3930 − 08 (2023)
TABLE 3 Summary of Shear Strength (lbf)
Repeatability Reproducibility
Repeatability Reproduc
...
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