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ASTM C1038-95

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Expansion of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Bars Stored in Water

Standard Test Method for Expansion of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Bars Stored in Water

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the expansion of mortar bars made using hydraulic cement, of which sulfate is an integral part.
1.1.1 Warning: Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Aug-2001
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C01 - Cement
Drafting Committee
C01.28 - Sulfate Content
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Replaced By
ASTM C1038-01 - Standard Test Method for Expansion of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Bars Stored in Water
Effective Date
10-Aug-2001

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ASTM C1038-95 - Standard Test Method for Expansion of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Bars Stored in WaterASTM C1038-95 - Standard Test Method for Expansion of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Bars Stored in Water
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ASTM C1038-95 - Standard Test Method for Expansion of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Bars Stored in Water
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 1038 – 95
Standard Test Method for
Expansion of Portland Cement Mortar Bars Stored in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1038; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope sulfate in the cement; expansion becomes excessive when the
cement contains too much calcium sulfate.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the expan-
3.2 When desired, cement specifications may limit the
sion of mortar bars made from portland cement, of which
amount of calcium sulfate contained in a portland cement by
sulfate is an integral part. This test method applies only to
requiring that the amount of expansion in water not exceed a
portland cements.
specified value.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. Values in parentheses are for information only.
NOTE 1—An expansion limit of 0.020 % in fourteen days of water
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the immersion is in use in Canadian Standards document CAN 3-A5-M83.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Weights and Weighing Devices, conforming to the re-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. quirements of Specification C 1005. The weighing device shall
be evaluated for precision and accuracy at a total load of 2 kg.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 Glass Graduates, Molds, and Length Comparator, con-
2.1 ASTM Standards: forming to the requirements of Specification C 490.
C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of 4.3 Moist Cabinet or Room, conforming to the requirements
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube of Specification C 511.
Specimens) 4.4 Mixer, Bowl, and Paddle, conforming to the require-
C 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement ments of Practice C 305.
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency 4.5 Trowel and Tamper, conforming to the requirements of
C 490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination Test Method C 109.
of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and
5. Temperature and Humidity
Concrete
5.1 Molding Room, Dry Materials, and Mixing Water—The
C 511 Specification for Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and
Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic temperature of the molding room, dry materials, and mixing
water shall be maintained between 20 and 28°C (68 and
Cements and Concretes
C 778 Specification for Standard Sand 82.4°F) and the relative humidity of the molding room shall not
be less than 50 %.
C 1005 Specification for Weights and Weighing Devices for
Use in the Physical Testing of Hydraulic Cements
6. Reagents and Materials
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
6.1 Mixing Water—Potable water is satisfactory for routine
2.2 National Standard of Canada:
tests. For all cooperative tests and in case of dispute, reagent
CAN 3-A5-M83 Portland Cements
water conforming to Type III B of Specification D 1193 shall
3. Significance and Use
be used.
3.1 This test method, when applied to portland cement 6.2 Graded Sand—The graded sand for making the test
specimens shall conform to the requirements for graded
containing calcium sulfate, determines the amount of expan-
sion of a mortar bar when it is stored in water. The amount of standard sand in Specification C 778.
mortar bar expansion is related to the amount of calcium
7. Procedure
7.1 Number and Dimensions of Test Specimens—Make four
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-1 on Cement
25 by 25 by 285-mm (1 by 1 by 11 ⁄4-in.) test specimens for
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.28 on Sulfate Content.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1995. Published March 1996. Originally
each cement.
published as C 1038 – 85. Last previous edition C 1038 – 89.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01. NOTE 2—In routine tests, 25 by 25 by 160-mm (1 by 1 by 6 ⁄4-in.)
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
specimens may be used; however, in case of dispute, results obtained with
Available from Canada Standards Association, 178 Rexdale Blvd., Rexdale, 1
25 by 25 by 285-mm (1 by 1 by 11 ⁄4-in.) specimens shall govern.
Ontario Canada M9W 143.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 1038
7.2 Specimen Molds—Prepare the specimen molds in accor- with at least 5-mm ( ⁄4-in.) of water during storage. Keep the
dance with the requirements of Specification C 490, except the storage water clean by changing as necessary.
interior surfaces of the mo
...

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3.1 This test method provides a means of assessing the sulfate resistance of mortars made using portland cement, blends of portland cement with pozzolans or slags, and blended hydraulic cements. Test Method C452 is suitable for evaluating portland cements but not blended cements or blends of portland cement with pozzolans or slags.  
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5.1 The chemical composition of the liquid in cementitious pastes is an important indicator of the solid component reactivity at early times, being influenced by the content and rate of reaction of readily soluble alkali components, lime, and other soluble phases. Monitoring the solution composition with time can provide valuable diagnostic information about cement quality and reactivity to supplement other sources of characterization data. This practice is intended to aid in the interpretation of the concentrations of readily soluble components in cement paste solutions, which may include portland cement, limestone, fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, or other components. It provides guidance for measuring the time dependence of the concentrations of one or more components, on an elemental basis, including, but not limited to, aluminum, calcium, potassium, silicon, sodium, and sulfur.
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ASTM C1038/C1038M-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Expansion of Hydraulic Cementitious Material Mortar Bars Stored in Water

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4.1 This test method is used to determine the amount of expansion of a mortar bar when it is stored in water. The amount of mortar-bar expansion may relate to the amount of sulfate in the cementitious material; expansion may become excessive when the cementitious material contains too much sulfate.  
4.2 Some cementitious material specifications limit the amount of sulfate contained in those materials by requiring that the amount of expansion in water not exceed a specified value.
SCOPE
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4.1 This test method provides a means of determining the compressive strength of hydraulic cement and other mortars and results may be used to determine compliance with specifications. Further, this test method is referenced by numerous other specifications and test methods. Caution must be exercised in using the results of this test method to predict the strength of concretes.
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This test method covers the standard procedure for determination of length changes of expansive cement mortar, while under restraint, due to the development of internal forces resulting from hydration of the cement. The test apparatus is comprised of the following: molds for casting test specimens; restraining cage which consists of a threaded steel rod with steel end plates held in place by cap nuts for corrosion prevention; length comparator; tamper which shall be made of nonabsorptive, nonabrasive material such as medium-hard rubber or seasoned oak wood; device for demolding specimens; weights and weighing devices; glass graduates to measure the mixing water in a single operation; an electrically driven mechanical mixer equipped with paddle and mixing bowl; and trowel which shall have a steel blade with straight edges. The sand to be used shall comply with the graded sand requirement and shall be handled in such a manner as to prevent segregation. Details on preparation and assembly of specimen molds and restraining cage, proportioning and mixing of mortars, molding, and curing of specimens are discussed. The expansion and shrinkage of the test specimens at any age shall be calculated and the length-change data, expressed as linear expansion or contraction based on the length of the specimen at any time of molding, shall be reported. Bias and precision in the batch, single, and multi-laboratory operation shall also be identified.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of length changes of expansive cement mortar, while under restraint, due to the development of internal forces resulting from hydration of the cement.  
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4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The autoclave expansion test provides an index of potential delayed expansion caused by the hydration of CaO or MgO, or both, when present in hydraulic cement.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the expansion of a hardened cement paste when exposed to the autoclave conditions in this method.  
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