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ASTM D3198-97(2007)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Application and Removal Torque of Threaded or Lug-Style Closures (Withdrawn 2016)

Standard Test Method for Application and Removal Torque of Threaded or Lug-Style Closures (Withdrawn 2016)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These torque measurements are of value in:
5.1.1 Rating the performance of automatic capping machines,
5.1.2 Measuring any tendency for threaded or lug-style closures to loosen during storage or shipment of the package, and
5.1.3 Measuring the force required to break hard plastic and overturn or “strip” soft plastic and metal closures.
The method may be used to establish performance specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the application with a given torque of a threaded or lug-style closure to a container, and measures the torque required to unscrew the closure from a container.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the application with a given torque of a threaded or lug-style closure to a container, and measures the torque required to unscrew the closure from a container.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D10 on Packaging, this practice was withdrawn in January 2016 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
30-Sep-2007
Withdrawal Date
13-Jan-2016
ICS
55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3198-97(2002) - Standard Test Method for Application and Removal Torque of Threaded or Lug-Style Closures
Effective Date
01-Oct-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3474-90(2018) - Standard Practice for Calibration and Use of Torque Meters Used in Packaging Applications
Effective Date
01-Oct-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7860-14(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Torque Retention for Child Resistant and Non-Child Resistant Packages with Continuous Thread Closures Using Automated Torque Testing Equipment
Effective Date
01-Oct-2007
Referred By
ASTM D2063/D2063M-10(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Torque Retention for Packages with Continuous Thread Closures Using Non-Automated (Manual) Torque Testing Equipment
Effective Date
01-Oct-2007

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ASTM D3198-97(2007) - Standard Test Method for Application and Removal Torque of Threaded or Lug-Style Closures (Withdrawn 2016)ASTM D3198-97(2007) - Standard Test Method for Application and Removal Torque of Threaded or Lug-Style Closures (Withdrawn 2016)
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ASTM D3198-97(2007) - Standard Test Method for Application and Removal Torque of Threaded or Lug-Style Closures (Withdrawn 2016)
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3198 − 97(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Application and Removal Torque of Threaded or Lug-Style
Closures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope direction opposite to that of application, causing the closure to
be unsecured from its position on the neck finish of an
1.1 This test method covers the application with a given
appropriate container.
torque of a threaded or lug-style closure to a container, and
measures the torque required to unscrew the closure from a
4. Summary of Test Method
container.
4.1 Representative specimens of a threaded or lug-style
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
container are held in a torque-measuring device and either the
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
predeterminedamountoftorqueisappliedtoitsclosure,orthe
information only.
amountoftorquenecessarytoloosentheclosureisdetermined,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
or both.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 These torque measurements are of value in:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1.1 Rating the performance of automatic capping
machines,
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.2 Measuring any tendency for threaded or lug-style
2.1 ASTM Standards: closures to loosen during storage or shipment of the package,
D3474Practice for Calibration and Use of Torque Meters and
Used in Packaging Applications 5.1.3 Measuringtheforcerequiredtobreakhardplasticand
E105Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials overturn or “strip” soft plastic and metal closures.
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
5.2 The method may be used to establish performance
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
specifications.
Lot or Process
6. Apparatus
3. Terminology
6.1 Torque Meter (see Note 1) with a scale that will read
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
with the maximum point reading accuracy within the torque
3.1.1 application torque—the moment of a force or system
range expected to be measured (usea0to25 torque inch
of forces tending to cause rotation of a closure over the neck
pounds-force (T.I.P.) torque meter for readings under 25 T.I.P.,
finish of an appropriate container, causing the closure to be
nota0to100T.I.P. torque meter).
applied and secured to the container.
NOTE1—Adigitalorautomatedtorqueinstrument,ifused,willhavean
3.1.2 removal torque—the moment of a force or system of
appropriate design and scale capacity for the container/closure system to
forces tending to cause rotation of an appropriate closure in a be evaluated. Torque results will be available in either electronic display
or printout formats.
7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.32 on Consumer, 7.1 The number of samples will depend on the desired
Pharmaceutical and Medical Packaging.
purpose for which this test is being run. However, for a given
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally
set of samples, sufficient measurements shall be taken in
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D3198–97 (2002).
accordance with established statistical sampling procedures in
DOI: 10.1520/D3198-97R07.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
order to obtain consistent results.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on NOTE 2—Refer to Practices E105 and E122 for more specific informa-
the ASTM website. tion.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3198 − 97 (2007)
TABLE 1 Special Atmospheres
10.2.1 Firmly position the container between the four posts
Relative on the torque tester in such a manner that the axis of rotation
Environment Temperature, °C (°F)
Humidity, %
ofthecapisconcentricwiththecenterofthemovableplateon
Cryogenic −55±3(−67±6) .
which the container rests.
Frozen food storage −18±2(0±4) .
10.2.2 Grip the closure by hand, avoiding any contact with
Refrigerated storage 5±2(41±4) 85±5
Temperature high humidity 20±2(68±4) 85±5 the container, and twist counterclockwise while closely watch-
Tropical 40±2(104±6) 85±5
ing the gauge.
Desert 60±3(140±6) 15±2
NOTE 5—On occasion, when large numbers of samples are to be tested,
or when measuring the torque required to break hard plastic caps, it may
benecessarytoexertagreatertorquethancanbeachievedbygrippingthe
closure with the bare hand.Arubber pad, strap wrench, or a rubber-lined
7.2 Select unused closures, complete with liners, if appro- “nut-cracker-type” device where the hole is slightly smaller in diameter
than the closure may be used to gain a firm grip with
...

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