ASTM C480/C480M-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flexure Creep of Sandwich Constructions
Standard Test Method for Flexure Creep of Sandwich Constructions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the creep rate provides information on the behavior of sandwich constructions under constant applied force. Creep is defined as deflection under constant force over a period of time beyond the initial deformation as a result of the application of the force. Deflection data obtained from this test method can be plotted against time, and a creep rate determined. By using standard specimen constructions and constant loading, the test method may also be used to evaluate creep behavior of sandwich panel core-to-facing adhesives.
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining flexure creep of sandwich constructions for quality control, acceptance specification testing, and research and development.
5.3 Factors that influence the sandwich construction creep response and shall therefore be reported include the following: facing material, core material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, facing stacking sequence and overall thickness, core geometry (cell size), core density, core thickness, adhesive thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, speed of testing, facing void content, adhesive void content, and facing volume percent reinforcement. Further, facing and core-to-facing strength and creep response may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured facesheets of the same material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the creep characteristics and creep rate of flat sandwich constructions loaded in flexure, at any desired temperature. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C480/C480M − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Flexure Creep of Sandwich Constructions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C480/C480M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the creep
Lot or Process
characteristics and creep rate of flat sandwich constructions
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
loaded in flexure, at any desired temperature. Permissible core
ASTM Test Methods
material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
(such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with
discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
to high-modulus fibers and their composites, a well as terms
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
relating to sandwich constructions. Terminology D883 defines
eitherSIunitsorinch-poundunitsaretoberegardedseparately
terms relating to plastics. Terminology E6 defines terms
as standard.The values stated in each system may not be exact
relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E456 and Practice
equivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependently
E177 define terms relating to statistics. In the event of a
of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have prece-
result in non-conformance with the standard.
dence over the other terminology documents.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Symbols:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 A—distance between pivot point and point of applied
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- force on the specimen
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.2 b—specimen width
3.2.3 B—distancefrompivotpointtocenterofgravityofthe
2. Referenced Documents
loading arm
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.4 c—core thickness
C393/C393MTest Method for Core Shear Properties of
Sandwich Constructions by Beam Flexure
3.2.5 CR —creep rate at time, i
I i
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
3.2.6 d—sandwich total thickness
D3878Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229MTestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionProp-
3.2.7 d—initial static deflection under the same load and at
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
the same temperature
Composite Materials
3.2.8 D—total deflection at time, t
D7249/D7249MTestMethodforFacingPropertiesofSand-
3.2.9 F—applied facing stress
wich Constructions by Long Beam Flexure
f
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
3.2.10 F —applied core shear stress
s
3.2.11 M—distance between point and weight point
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
3.2.12 n—number of specimens
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on
3.2.13 p—mass of loading plate and rod
Sandwich Construction.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally
3.2.14 P—applied force
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C480/
C480M–08(2015). DOI: 10.1520/C0480_C0480M-16.
3.2.15 S—length of support span
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.16 w—mass of lever arm
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 3.2.17 W—mass of weight (including tray mass)
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C480/C480M − 16
4. Summary of Test Method for thickness measurement, and an accuracy of 6250 µm
[60.010 in.] for length and width measurements.
4.1 This test method consists of subjecting a beam of
NOTE 1—The accuracies given above are based on achieving measure-
sandwich construction to a sustained force normal to the plane
ments that are within1%ofthe sample length, width and thickness.
of the sandwich, using either a
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C480/C480M − 08 (Reapproved 2015) C480/C480M − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Flexure Creep of Sandwich Constructions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C480/C480M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the creep characteristics and creep rate of flat sandwich constructions loaded
in flexure, at any desired temperature. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as
balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as
standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of
the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions (Withdrawn 2016)
C393/C393M Test Method for Core Shear Properties of Sandwich Constructions by Beam Flexure
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
D7249/D7249M Test Method for Facing Properties of Sandwich Constructions by Long Beam Flexure
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases (Withdrawn 2015)
3
E1434 Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases (Withdrawn 2015)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-modulus fibers and their composites.
Terminologycomposites, a C274 defineswell as terms relating to structural sandwich constructions. Terminology D883 defines
terms relating to plastics. Terminology E6 defines terms relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E456 and Practice E177 define
terms relating to statistics. In the event of a conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have precedence over the other
terminology documents.
3.2 Symbols:
3.2.1 A—distance between pivot point and point of applied force on the specimen
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on Sandwich
Construction.
Current edition approved July 1, 2015April 1, 2016. Published August 2015 April 2016. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20082015 as
C480/C480M – 08.C480/C480M – 08(2015). DOI: 10.1520/C0480_C0480M-08R15.10.1520/C0480_C0480M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C480/C480M − 16
3.2.2 b—specimen width
3.2.3 B—distance from pivot point to center of gravity of the loading arm
3.2.4 c—core thickness
3.2.5 CR —creep rate at time, i
I i
3.2.6 d—sandwich total thickness
3.2.7 d—initial static deflection under the same load and at the same temperature
3.2.8 D—total deflection at time, t
3.2.9 F —applied facing stress
f
3.2.10 F —applied core shear stress
s
3.2.11 M—distance betwee
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C480/C480M − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Flexure Creep of Sandwich Constructions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C480/C480M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the creep
Lot or Process
characteristics and creep rate of flat sandwich constructions
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
loaded in flexure, at any desired temperature. Permissible core
ASTM Test Methods
material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
(such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with
discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
to high-modulus fibers and their composites, a well as terms
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
relating to sandwich constructions. Terminology D883 defines
either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately
terms relating to plastics. Terminology E6 defines terms
as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact
relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E456 and Practice
equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently
E177 define terms relating to statistics. In the event of a
of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have prece-
result in non-conformance with the standard.
dence over the other terminology documents.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Symbols:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2.1 A—distance between pivot point and point of applied
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
force on the specimen
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.2 b—specimen width
3.2.3 B—distance from pivot point to center of gravity of the
2. Referenced Documents
loading arm
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.4 c—core thickness
C393/C393M Test Method for Core Shear Properties of
Sandwich Constructions by Beam Flexure
3.2.5 CR —creep rate at time, i
I i
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
3.2.6 d—sandwich total thickness
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Prop-
3.2.7 d—initial static deflection under the same load and at
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
the same temperature
Composite Materials
3.2.8 D—total deflection at time, t
D7249/D7249M Test Method for Facing Properties of Sand-
3.2.9 F —applied facing stress
wich Constructions by Long Beam Flexure
f
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
3.2.10 F —applied core shear stress
s
3.2.11 M—distance between point and weight point
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on 3.2.12 n—number of specimens
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on
3.2.13 p—mass of loading plate and rod
Sandwich Construction.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally
3.2.14 P—applied force
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C480/
C480M – 08(2015). DOI: 10.1520/C0480_C0480M-16.
3.2.15 S—length of support span
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.16 w—mass of lever arm
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 3.2.17 W—mass of weight (including tray mass)
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C480/C480M − 16
4. Summary of Test Method for thickness measurement, and an accuracy of 6250 µm
[60.010 in.] for length and width measurements.
4.1 This test method consists of subjecting a beam of
NOTE 1—The accuracies given above are based on achieving measure-
sandwich construction to a sustained force normal to the plane
ments that are within 1 % of the sample length, width and thickness.
of the sandwich, using either a 3-point or a 4-point loading
7.2 Loading Fixtures—The fixture for loading the sp
...
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