ASTM D2402-07(2018)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Textile Fibers (Centrifuge Procedure)
Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Textile Fibers (Centrifuge Procedure)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for testing for water retention of fibers after centrifuging is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because the test is more appropriate for development and research. However, if the test is to be used for acceptance testing, comparative tests as described in 5.1.1 are advised.
5.1.1 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results using Test Method D2402 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if statistical biases exist between their laboratories. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the Student's t-test for unpaired data with an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties while designing the test program. If the analysis shows a bias, its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test data with consideration for the known bias.
5.2 The amount of water retained by a fiber mass increases with an increase in the hydrophilic tendency of the fiber. Thus the data obtained can be used to indicate the following:
5.2.1 Differences in water retention between the various man-made and natural fibers,
5.2.2 Degree of cross-linking in cellulosic fibers,
5.2.3 Damage incurred by wool and silk fibers due to alkaline processing, and
5.2.4 Persistence of water-repellent treatments.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of water retention of man-made and natural fibers as staple, tow, or filament and spun yarns. It is intended to give a measure of the amount of water which cannot be removed from thoroughly wetted fiber solely by mechanical means as applied by centrifugal force (see 3.2).
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2402 − 07 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Water Retention of Textile Fibers (Centrifuge Procedure)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2402; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
Terminology D123.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of water
retention of man-made and natural fibers as staple, tow, or
4. Summary of Test Method
filament and spun yarns. It is intended to give a measure of the
amount of water which cannot be removed from thoroughly
4.1 A specimen is thoroughly wetted-out by immersion,
wetted fiber solely by mechanical means as applied by cen-
centrifuged for 5 min at an acceleration of 9800 m/s and
trifugal force (see 3.2).
weighed wet. Then, the wet specimen is dried and reweighed.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the Water retention is calculated and reported as a percentage of
the dry mass.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 This test method for testing for water retention of fibers
For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.
aftercentrifugingisnotrecommendedforacceptancetestingof
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
commercial shipments because the test is more appropriate for
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
developmentandresearch.However,ifthetestistobeusedfor
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
acceptance testing, comparative tests as described in 5.1.1 are
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
advised.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.1.1 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
reported test results using Test Method D2402 for acceptance
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
2. Referenced Documents
plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if statisti-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cal biases exist between their laboratories. As a minimum, the
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as
D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of
D2258/D2258M Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
the type in question. The test specimens should then be
D3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers,
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for
Sliver, or Tow for Testing
testing.Theaverageresultsfromthetwolaboratoriesshouldbe
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
compared using the Student’s t-test for unpaired data with an
acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties while
3. Terminology
designing the test program. If the analysis shows a bias, its
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns and
cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and
Fibers, refer to Terminology D4849.
supplier must agree to interpret future test data with consider-
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
ation for the known bias.
moisture pick-up, water retention.
5.2 The amount of water retained by a fiber mass increases
with an increase in the hydrophilic tendency of the fiber. Thus
the data obtained can be used to indicate the following:
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers. 5.2.1 Differences in water retention between the various
Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approved
man-made and natural fibers,
in 1965T Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2402 – 07 (2012). DOI:
5.2.2 Degree of cross-linking in cellulosic fibers,
10.1520/D2402-07R18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2.3 Damage incurred by wool and silk fibers due to
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
alkaline processing, and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 5.2.4 Persistence of water-repellent treatments.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2402 − 07 (2018)
FIG. 1 Cross-section View of Centrifuge Tube Assembly
6. Apparatus the purchaser and supplier, such as an agreement to use
Practice D3333 for staple fiber, sliver, top or tow, or to use
6.1 Stationary Coarse Comb , approximately 63 mm long
Practice D2258/D2258M for yarn. Consider the shipping
andhavingneedlesapproximately12.5mmlongandspaced19
containers to be the primary sampling units.
needles to the 10 mm, or
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
6.2 Hand Cards.
purchaserandsupplierrequirestakingintoaccountthevariabilitybetween
6.3 Centrifuge, with trunnions capable of holding at least 2 shipping containers, between laboratory samples within the shipping
container, and between test specimens within a laboratory sample, to
tube assemblies. The centrifuge must be capable of operating
provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s
to develop an angular speed that will produce a radial accel-
risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
eration of 9800 m/s (1000 g) on the specimen within 5 min.
8.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep-
6.4 Tube Assemblies, each consisting of a 15-mL,
tance testing, proceed as follows:
polypropylene, centrifuge tube with draining holes, shell and
8.2.1 For Staple Fiber—Systematically take five laboratory
support wire (see Fig. 1).
sample subunits from each bale in the lot sample as directed in
6.5 Timer, suitable for controlling immersion time and
Practice D3333.
centrifuge time to 61s.
8.2.2 For Tow and Sliver (or Top)—From each shipping
container in the lot sample, take at least a metre, or yard, of
6.6 Balance, with sensitivity of 0.5 mg and a capacity of
material from the leading end of the textile strand that has a
2000 g.
clean uniform appearance. If the shipping container has mul-
6.7 Weighing Containers, air-tight, large enough to hold a
tiple packages, take one package drawn at random from the
specimen basket.
container for that laboratory sample.
6.8 Oven, convection type, maintained at 105 to 110°C. 8.2.3 For Yarn in Cases—Take ten yarn packages as di-
rected in Practice D2258/D2258M. Remove enough traverses
6.9 Desiccator, with an efficient desiccant such as anhy-
of yarn to obtain a surface free of visible damage or soil, and
drous silica gel, anhydrous calcium sulfate, or phosphorous
then remove at least a gram of yarn for the laboratory sample
pentoxide.
from each laboratory sampling unit.
6.10 Bell Jar, optional, see 10.5.1.
8.2.4 For Yarn on Beams—Sample as agreed upon between
the purchaser and supplier.
7. Hazard
8.3 Test Specimens—Test two 0.5 g specimens from each
7.1 Sodium hydroxide (see Note 4) is a strong base and
laboratory sampling unit, preferably from different sections of
must be handled with appropriate safety precautions. Refer to
the laboratory sample units.
the manufacturer’s material safety data sheet information.
9. Conditioning
8. Sampling
9.1 Specimens may be tested without any conditioning.
8.1 LotSample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
at random the number of shipping containers directed in the
10. Specimen Preparation
applicable material specification or other agreement between
10.1 Foreign Matter and Extractable Matter—If the labo-
ratory s
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