ASTM F1978-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Resistance of Metallic Thermal Spray Coatings by Using the Taber Abraser
Standard Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Resistance of Metallic Thermal Spray Coatings by Using the Taber Abraser
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to evaluate the resistance to particle shedding of a thermal spray coating. Such particle shedding might occur during surgical insertion of an implant or as the result of micromotion of the implant after insertion.
5.2 This abrasion test method may be useful for quality control analysis of a coating, and it can be used to evaluate the effects of processing variables, such as substrate preparation before coating, surface texture, coating technique variables, or postcoating treatments, any of which may influence the susceptibility of the coating to particle shedding.
5.3 This abrasion test method is for flat plate-shaped specimens of a size sufficient that the wheels of the abrader do not leave the surface of the specimen. It is not recommended, however, for devices with other shapes or sizes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method quantifies the abrasion resistance of metallic coatings produced by thermal spray processes on flat metallic surfaces. It is intended as a means of characterizing coatings used on surgical implants.
1.2 This test uses the Taber Abraser,2 which generates a combination of rolling and rubbing to cause wear to the coating surface. Wear is quantified as cumulative weight loss.
1.3 This test method is limited to flat, rigid specimens that do not react significantly with water and do not undergo a phase transformation or chemical reaction between room temperature and 100°C in air.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: F1978 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Abrasion Resistance of Metallic Thermal Spray
1
Coatings by Using the Taber Abraser
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1978; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This test method quantifies the abrasion resistance of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
metallic coatings produced by thermal spray processes on flat E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
metallic surfaces. It is intended as a means of characterizing Determine the Precision of a Test Method
coatings used on surgical implants. G195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary
2 Platform Abraser
1.2 This test uses the Taber Abraser, which generates a
combinationofrollingandrubbingtocauseweartothecoating
3. Terminology
surface. Wear is quantified as cumulative weight loss.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 This test method is limited to flat, rigid specimens that
3.1.1 abraser, n—instrument that is designed to determine
do not react significantly with water and do not undergo a
the resistance of surfaces to composite rolling and rubbing
phase transformation or chemical reaction between room
action.
temperature and 100°C in air.
3.1.2 particle shedding, n—loss of surface particles and
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
fragments from a coating.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.3 thermal spray coating, n—coating produced by spray-
standard.
ing melted or softened powder or wire by means of combus-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tible gases, plasma, or two-wire arc.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.4 weight loss, n—amount of mass removed by the test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
apparatus over the course of testing.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1 This test method uses a Taber Abraser with H-22
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2
Calibrade (trademarked) wheels and the 250-g mass of the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
abrading head without added weights. A specimen is abraded
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
using rotary rubbing action under controlled conditions of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
pressure and abrasive action. The test specimen, mounted on a
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
turntable platform, turns on a vertical axis against the sliding
rotation of two abrading wheels. One abrading wheel rubs the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F04 on Medical
specimen outward toward the periphery and the other inward
and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
toward the center. The resulting abrasion marks form a pattern
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
2
of crossed arcs over an area of approximately 30 cm .
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originally
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F1978 – 12. DOI: Specimens are abraded and cleaned ultrasonically for a set
10.1520/F1978-17.
2
Trademarked. The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the
3
committee at this time is Taber Industries, North Tonawanda, NY 14120 USA. If For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1978 − 17
number (2, 5, 10, or 100) of cumulative rotational cycles. The 7.5 One specimen, randomly selected from each group of
specimens are weighed after each cleaning, and the weight loss six specimens, shall be reserved to measure weight loss caused
is the measure of abrasive wear to the specimen. by ultrasonic cleaning. This speci
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1978 − 12 F1978 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Abrasion Resistance of Metallic Thermal Spray
1
Coatings by Using the Taber Abraser
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1978; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method quantifies the abrasion resistance of metallic coatings produced by thermal spray processes on flat metallic
surfaces. It is intended as a means of characterizing coatings used on surgical implants.
2
1.2 This test uses the Taber Abraser, which generates a combination of rolling and rubbing to cause wear to the coating surface.
Wear is quantified as cumulative massweight loss.
1.3 This test method is limited to flat, rigid specimens that do not react significantly with water and do not undergo a phase
transformation or chemical reaction between room temperature and 100°C in air.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicable applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
G195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 abraser, n—instrument that is designed to determine the resistance of surfaces to composite rolling and rubbing action.
3.1.2 particle shedding, n—loss of surface particles and fragments from a coating.
3.1.3 thermal spray coating, n—coating produced by spraying melted or softened powder or wire by means of combustible
gases, plasma, or two-wire arc.
3.1.4 weight loss, n—amount of mass removed by the test apparatus over the course of testing.
4. Summary of Test Method
2
4.1 This test method uses a Taber Abraser with H-22 Calibrade (trademarked) wheels and the 250-g mass of the abrading head
without added weights. A specimen is abraded using rotary rubbing action under controlled conditions of pressure and abrasive
action. The test specimen, mounted on a turntable platform, turns on a vertical axis against the sliding rotation of two abrading
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
Current edition approved June 1, 2012Sept. 1, 2017. Published June 2012October 2017. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
ε2
F1978 – 00 (2007)F1978 – 12. . DOI: 10.1520/F1978-12.10.1520/F1978-17.
2
Trademarked. The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Taber Industries, North Tonawanda, NY 14120 USA. If you are aware
of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical
1
committee, which you may attend.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1978 − 17
wheels. One abrading wheel rubs the specimen outward toward the periphery and the other inward toward the center. The resulting
2
abrasion marks form a pattern of crossed arcs over an area of approximately 30 cm . Specim
...
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