ASTM D5602/D5602M-18(2022)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Static Puncture Resistance of Roofing Membrane Specimens
Standard Test Method for Static Puncture Resistance of Roofing Membrane Specimens
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 An important factor affecting the performance of many membrane roofing systems is their ability to resist static puncture loads. This test method provides a means for assessing static puncture resistance.
5.2 This test method can be used to compare the puncture resistance of a single type of membrane as a function of a variety of insulation substrates or, conversely, to compare the resistance of a number of membrane specimens set on a single type of insulation.
5.3 The effect of temperature on puncture resistance can be studied by conducting the test under controlled conditions using such equipment as an environmental chamber, oven, or freezer.
5.4 This test method can be useful for developing performance criteria for membrane roofing systems.
5.5 This test method can be useful for developing classifications of the static puncture resistance of membrane roofing systems.
5.6 While it is considered that the results obtained by this laboratory test can afford a measure of the static puncture resistance of membrane roofing systems in the field provided that service loads and temperature conditions are known, no direct correlation has yet been established.
5.7 This test method can be useful for evaluating the static puncture resistance of membranes used in vegetative roof systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers evaluation of the maximum static puncture load that roofing membrane specimens can withstand without allowing the passage of water.
1.2 This laboratory test is conducted at any desired temperature using sheet membrane specimens manufactured in a factory or prepared in a laboratory.
1.3 Roof membrane specimens to which the test method is applicable include bituminous built-up, polymer-modified bitumens, vulcanized rubbers, non-vulcanized polymeric, and thermoplastic materials.
1.3.1 The applicability of this test method to these membrane specimens includes their use in vegetative roof systems.
1.4 This test method is not applicable to aggregate-surfaced membrane specimens, but it is applicable to specimens having factory-applied granules.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5602/D5602M −18 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Static Puncture Resistance of Roofing Membrane
Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5602/D5602M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers evaluation of the maximum
C578 Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal
static puncture load that roofing membrane specimens can
Insulation
withstand without allowing the passage of water.
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
1.2 Thislaboratorytestisconductedatanydesiredtempera-
ture using sheet membrane specimens manufactured in a
3. Terminology
factory or prepared in a laboratory.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.3 Roof membrane specimens to which the test method is
method, refer to Terminology D1079.
applicable include bituminous built-up, polymer-modified
bitumens, vulcanized rubbers, non-vulcanized polymeric, and
4. Summary of Test Method
thermoplastic materials.
4.1 Set on a thermal insulation substrate, the roofing mem-
1.3.1 The applicability of this test method to these mem-
brane test specimen is subjected for 24 h to a predetermined
brane specimens includes their use in vegetative roof systems.
static puncture load (that is, force) using a ball bearing having
1.4 This test method is not applicable to aggregate-surfaced
a 10 mm [0.39 in.] diameter.
membrane specimens, but it is applicable to specimens having
4.2 The predetermined static puncture load is selected as
factory-applied granules.
follows:
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
4.2.1 In accordance with a performance requirement given
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
in a standard specification in which this test method is cited, or
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
4.2.2 Through agreement between the party requesting the
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
test and the testing laboratory.
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
4.3 Puncture of the test specimen is assessed by visual
with the standard.
examination and, if necessary, verified by conducting a water-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tightness test.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.1 An important factor affecting the performance of many
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
membrane roofing systems is their ability to resist static
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
puncture loads. This test method provides a means for assess-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ing static puncture resistance.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.2 This test method can be used to compare the puncture
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
resistance of a single type of membrane as a function of a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
variety of insulation substrates or, conversely, to compare the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
resistance of a number of membrane specimens set on a single
type of insulation.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 on
Roofing Membrane Systems. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D5602/D5602M – 18. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D5602_D5602M-18R22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5602/D5602M − 18 (2022)
5.3 The effect of temperature on puncture resistance can be 7. Sampling and Sample Preparation
studied by conducting the test under controlled conditions
7.1 Single-Ply Samples—Cut the test specimens directly
using such equipment as an environmental chamber, oven, or
from the sheet membrane material using the directions pro-
freezer.
vided in 8.1.
5.4 This test method can be useful for developing perfor-
7.2 Multi-Ply Samples Prepared in the Laboratory:
mance criteria for membrane roofing systems.
7.2.1 Condition all components at 23 6 2 °C [74 6 3 °F]
5.5 This test method can be useful for developing classifi- and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for 24 6 0.25 h prior to
cations of the static puncture resistance of membrane roofing constructing the membrane sample.
systems. 7.2.2 Prepare multi-ply membrane samples at least 0.90 by
1.20 m [3 by 4 ft], in accordance with the membrane
5.6 While it is considered that the results obtained by this
manufacturer’s instructions, or using other preparation meth-
laboratory test can afford a measure of the static puncture
ods at the discretion of the test laboratory. The method of
resistance of membrane roofing systems in the field provided
preparationshallbedescribedinthetestreport.Thequantityof
that service loads and temperature conditions are known, no
material in each layer of the membrane sample shall be within
direct correlation has yet been established.
10 % of that specified, and the entire sample shall be within
5.7 This test method can be useful for evaluating the static
5 %. Cut the test specimens directly from this larger membrane
puncture resistance of membranes used in vegetative roof
sample using the directions provided in 8.1.
systems.
8. Test Specimens
6. Apparatus
8.1 Dimensions—The dimensions of the membrane test
6.1 Static Puncture Device—An apparatus consisting pri-
specimens and insulation substrates are 200 by 200 mm [7.9 by
marily of a movable rod to which a 10 mm [0.39 in.] diameter
7.9 in.] 65 %. Cut the test specimens and substrates to size
ball bearing is attached at one end and a means for loading the
using a metal template having these dimensions.
specimen is attached to the other (Fig. 1). The rod shall be
8.2 Number of Specimens—A minimum of three test speci-
sufficiently rigid so that it will not flex or rotate when used
mens is necessary to conduct the test.
under the maximum test load.
8.3 Type of Membrane Specimen Substrate—The use of any
NOTE 1—One means for loading the specimen is to attach a platform,
roof insulation as a membrane specimen substrate is allowable.
on which deadweights are placed, to the rod. Another method is to use
pneumatic loading whereby the ball bearing is attached to the piston rod Unless otherwise specified, the membrane substrate shall be
and the load is measured by an air pressure gage that has been calibrated
expandedpolystyreneboardconformingtoSpecificationC578,
against a load cell.
Type IX, and having a thickness of 38 mm [1.5 in.] 615 %.
6.1.1 The length of the rod above the specimen shall be
The sections used as the specimen substrate throughout the test
sufficient to provide adequate space for placing the specimen shall be taken from the same manufactured lot whatever
properly on the insulation substrate. A framework, having a
insulation is used.
minimum width of 250 mm [9.8 in.], supports the rod perpen-
9. Conditioning
dicular to the surface of the test specimen. Free vertical
movement of the rod shall not be hindered by the framework.
9.1 Condition the apparatus and all specimens at the se-
Therodandframeworkshallbecapableofsupportingpuncture
lected test temperature for a minimum of 8 h prior to testing.
loads up to at least 250 N [56 lbf].
Theselectedtemperatureshallbemaintainedat 62°C[63 °F]
throughout the test.
10. Procedure
10.1 Loads—The load applied during testing shall be within
61 % of that selected. The load is selected:
10.1.1 In accordance with a performance requirement given
in a standard specification in which this test method is cited, or
10.1.2 Through agreement between the party requesting the
test and the testing laboratory.
NOTE2—Themassoftheballbearing,rod,andplatformassemblymust
be included in the load applied to the specimen.
NOTE 3—If there is interest to conduct the test at the maximum load at
which specimen failure (that is, puncture) is expected to occur, this
maximum load, if unknown, can be estimated using the screening
procedure described in Appendix X1.
10.2 Static Puncture Testing:
Note: 1—membrane test specimen; 2—insulation substrate; 3—movable rod;
...
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