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ASTM D6344-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages

Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended to evaluate the ability of packaging to resist the force of concentrated impacts from outside sources, such as those encountered in various modes of transportation and handling. These impacts may be inflicted by adjacent freight jostling against the package in a carrier vehicle, by accidental bumps against other freight when loaded or unloaded from vehicles, by packages bumping against one another during sorting on conveyors or chutes, or many other circumstances.
This test method is intended to determine the ability of packaging to protect contents from such impacts, and to evaluate if there is sufficient clearance or support or both between the package wall and its contents.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures and equipment for testing complete filled transport packages for resistance against concentrated low-level impacts typical of those encountered in the distribution environment. The test is most appropriate for packages such as thin fluted/lighter grade corrugated boxes or stretch-wrapped packaging.
1.2 The test result is a pass/fail determination, based on acceptance criteria previously established, and a record of the energy dissipated by the complete filled transport package during a low level concentrated impact.
Note 1—This test method discusses the conduct of the test from a prescribed height that either meets or does not meet specific acceptance criteria. It may be possible to conduct this type of testing using modified procedures that provide a numerical response. These might include an incremental test where the drop height (or mass) is increased until a specific failure occurs or an up-and-down or staircase procedure used to find the average height to failure.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jul-2004
ICS
55.020 - Packaging and distribution of goods in general
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.21 - Shipping Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6344-98(2003) - Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages
Effective Date
01-Aug-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D6344-04(2009) - Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages
Effective Date
01-Mar-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4169-22 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
Effective Date
01-Aug-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7386-16 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Packages for Single Parcel Delivery Systems
Effective Date
01-Aug-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6198-18 - Standard Guide for Transport Packaging Design
Effective Date
01-Aug-2004

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ASTM D6344-04 - Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6344–04
Standard Test Method for
1
Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6344; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope teristics of a Lot or Process
1.1 This test method covers procedures and equipment for
3. Terminology
testing complete filled transport packages for resistance against
3.1 Definitions—General definitions for the packaging and
concentrated low-level impacts typical of those encountered in
distribution environments are found in Terminology D 996.
the distribution environment. The test is most appropriate for
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
packages such as thin fluted/lighter grade corrugated boxes or
3.2.1 acceptance criteria—the acceptable condition of
stretch-wrapped packaging.
package and contents that must be met after the shipping
1.2 The test result is a pass/fail determination, based on
container has been tested.
acceptance criteria previously established, and a record of the
energy dissipated by the complete filled transport package
4. Significance and Use
during a low level concentrated impact.
4.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the ability of
NOTE 1—This test method discusses the conduct of the test from a
packaging to resist the force of concentrated impacts from
prescribed height that either meets or does not meet specific acceptance
outside sources, such as those encountered in various modes of
criteria. It may be possible to conduct this type of testing using modified
transportation and handling. These impacts may be inflicted by
procedures that provide a numerical response. These might include an
adjacent freight jostling against the package in a carrier
incremental test where the drop height (or mass) is increased until a
vehicle, by accidental bumps against other freight when loaded
specific failure occurs or an up-and-down or staircase procedure used to
find the average height to failure. or unloaded from vehicles, by packages bumping against one
another during sorting on conveyors or chutes, or many other
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
circumstances.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 This test method is intended to determine the ability of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
packaging to protect contents from such impacts, and to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
evaluate if there is sufficient clearance or support or both
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
between the package wall and its contents.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Apparatus
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Cylindrical Mass with Full Radius (Hemispherical)
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
End—Solid steel rod 32 mm 6 2 mm (1.25 in. 6 0.1 in.) in
ments
diameter, approximately 115 mm (4.5 in.) long, one end
D 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
rounded to form a hemisphere, with a mass of 680 6 15 g (1.5
tainers and Systems
6 0.03 lb).Athreaded eye-bolt may be attached to the end for
D 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
positioning and support prior to guided free fall drop, but it
Packaging Components for Testing
must be included in the 680 g (1.5 lb) mass (see Fig. 1).
E 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
Threaded eyebolts must be attached to the side for positioning
With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for Charac-
and support when used as a pendulum, and must be included in
the 680 g (1.5 lb) mass.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
5.2 Guided Free Fall (see Fig. 2):
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.22 on Physical Test
5.2.1 The cylindrical mass (rod) is held in a start position in
Methods.
a stiff tube of at least 38 mm (1.5 in.) diameter, such that the
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originally
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 6344 – 98 (2003). tube’s main axis is perpendicular within 2 degrees. The end of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the tube should be positioned 50 to 100 mm (2 to 4 in.) above
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the test specimen. The mass may be held in position, at the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Unit
...

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ASTM D5445-21(Practice)
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4.1 Packages are often marked with handling instructions in the language of the country of origin. While this may safeguard the consignment to some extent, it is of little value for goods consigned to, or through, countries using different languages, and of no value at all if people unloading the packages are illiterate. Pictorial symbols offer the most likely means of conveying the consignor’s intention and their adoption will, therefore, undoubtedly reduce loss and damage through incorrect handling. The use of pictorial symbols does not provide any guarantee of satisfactory handling; proper protective packaging is therefore of primary importance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes a set of symbols to be used for marking of packages or containers to indicate special handling and storage requirements.  
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Standard Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and Systems

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4.1 These test methods provide a measure of a shipping container's ability to protect a product from failure due to horizontal impacts. These measures are based on controlled levels of shock input and may be used for arriving at the optimum design of a container or system to protect a product against a specified level of shipping environment hazard.  
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SCOPE
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1.3 The test levels may be varied to represent the mode on shipping and handling used for the item under test.  
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Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the ability of packaging to resist the force of concentrated impacts from outside sources, such as those encountered in various modes of transportation and handling. These impacts may be inflicted by adjacent freight jostling against the package in a carrier vehicle, by accidental bumps against other freight when loaded or unloaded from vehicles, by packages bumping against one another during sorting on conveyors or chutes, or many other circumstances.  
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1.1 This test method covers procedures and equipment for testing complete filled transport packages for resistance against concentrated low-level impacts typical of those encountered in the distribution environment. The test is most appropriate for packages such as thin fluted/lighter grade corrugated boxes or stretch-wrapped packaging.  
1.2 The test result is a pass/fail determination, based on acceptance criteria previously established, and a record of the energy dissipated by the complete filled transport package during a low level concentrated impact.
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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