ASTM C749-08

Standard Test Method for Tensile Stress-Strain of Carbon and Graphite

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The round robin testing on which the precision and bias for this test method have been determined employed a range of graphites (see Table 1) whose grain sizes were of the order of 1 mil to ¼ in. (0.0254 to 6.4 mm) and larger. This wide range of carbons and graphites can be tested with uniform gauge diameters with minimum parasitic stresses to provide quality data for use in engineering applications rather than simply for quality control. This test method can be easily adapted to elevated temperature testing of carbons and graphites without changing the specimen size or configuration by simply utilizing elevated temperature materials for the load train. This test method has been utilized for temperatures as high as 4352°F (2400°C). The design of the fixtures (Figs. 2-9 and Table 2) and description of the procedures are intended to bring about, on the average, parasitic stresses of less than 5 %. The specimens for the different graphites have been designed to ensure fracture within the gauge section commensurate with experienced variability in machining and testing care at different facilities. The constant gauge diameter permits rigorous analytical treatment.
5.2 Carbon and graphite materials exhibit significant physical property differences within parent materials. Exact sampling patterns and grain orientations must be specified in order to make meaningful tensile strength comparisons. See also Test Methods C 565.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the testing of carbon and graphite in tension to obtain the tensile stress-strain behavior, to failure, from which the ultimate strength, the strain to failure, and the elastic moduli may be calculated as may be required for engineering applications. Table 1 lists suggested sizes of specimens that can be used in the tests.
Note 1—The results of about 400 tests, on file at ASTM as a research report, show the ranges of materials that have been tested, the ranges of specimen configurations, and the agreement between the testers. See Section 11.
Note 2—For safety considerations, it is recommended that the chains be surrounded by suitable members so that at failure all parts of the load train behave predictably and do not constitute a hazard for the operator.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2008
• ICS: 71.060.10 - Chemical elements
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.F0 - Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C749-92(2002) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Stress-Strain of Carbon and Graphite
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM C749-08(2010)e1 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Stress-Strain of Carbon and Graphite
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Referred By: ASTM D7775-21 - Standard Guide for Measurements on Small Graphite Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D7846-21 - Standard Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for Advanced Graphites
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D8255-19 - Standard Guide for Work of Fracture Measurements on Small Nuclear Graphite Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D8289-20 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength Estimate by Disc Compression of Manufactured Graphite
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C565-15(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Carbon and Graphite Mechanical Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D8377-21a - Standard Guide for High Temperature Strength Measurements of Graphite Impregnated with Molten Salt
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C781-20 - Standard Practice for Testing Graphite Materials for Gas-Cooled Nuclear Reactor Components
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
AnAmerican National Standard
Designation:C749–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Tensile Stress-Strain of Carbon and Graphite
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C749; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E6 TerminologyRelatingtoMethodsofMechanicalTesting
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
1.1 This test method covers the testing of carbon and
ASTM Test Methods
graphite in tension to obtain the tensile stress-strain behavior,
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
to failure, from which the ultimate strength, the strain to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
failure, and the elastic moduli may be calculated as may be
required for engineering applications. Table 1 lists suggested
3. Terminology
sizes of specimens that can be used in the tests.
3.1 Definitions—The terms as related to tension testing as
NOTE 1—The results of about 400 tests, on file at ASTM as a research
given inTerminology E6 shall be considered as applying to the
report, show the ranges of materials that have been tested, the ranges of
terms used in this test method. See also Terminology C709.
specimen configurations, and the agreement between the testers. See
Section 11.
4. Summary of Test Method
NOTE 2—For safety considerations, it is recommended that the chains
4.1 Atensile specimen (Fig. 1) is placed within a load train
be surrounded by suitable members so that at failure all parts of the load
train behave predictably and do not constitute a hazard for the operator. assembly made up of precision chains and other machined
parts (Fig. 2).Aload is applied to the specimen provided with
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
means of measuring strain until it is caused to fracture. This
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
test yields the tensile strength, elastic constants, and strain to
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
failure of carbons and graphites.
and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 The round robin testing on which the precision and bias
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
for this test method have been determined employed a range of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
graphites (see Table 1) whose grain sizes were of the order of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
1 mil to ⁄4 in. (0.0254 to 6.4 mm) and larger. This wide range
2. Referenced Documents of carbons and graphites can be tested with uniform gauge
2 diameters with minimum parasitic stresses to provide quality
2.1 ASTM Standards:
data for use in engineering applications rather than simply for
C565 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Carbon and
quality control. This test method can be easily adapted to
Graphite Mechanical Materials
elevated temperature testing of carbons and graphites without
C709 Terminology Relating to Manufactured Carbon and
changingthespecimensizeorconfigurationbysimplyutilizing
Graphite
elevated temperature materials for the load train. This test
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
method has been utilized for temperatures as high as 4352°F
(2400°C).Thedesignofthefixtures(Figs.2-9andTable2)and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
description of the procedures are intended to bring about, on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
the average, parasitic stresses of less than 5 %. The specimens
D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
for the different graphites have been designed to ensure
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C749–92(2002). DOI:
fracture within the gauge section commensurate with experi-
10.1520/C0749-08.
enced variability in machining and testing care at different
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
facilities. The constant gauge diameter permits rigorous ana-
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
lytical treatment.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
1

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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:C 749–92(Reapproved 2002) Designation:C749–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Tensile Stress-Strain of Carbon and Graphite
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 749; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the testing of carbon and graphite in tension to obtain the tensile stress-strain behavior, to failure,
from which the ultimate strength, the strain to failure, and the elastic moduli may be calculated as may be required for engineering
applications. Table 1 lists suggested sizes of specimens that can be used in the tests.
NOTE 1—The results of about 400 tests, on file at ASTM as RR:C05-1000, a research report, show the ranges of materials that have been tested, the
ranges of specimen configurations, and the agreement between the testers. See Section 11.
NOTE 2—For safety considerations, it is recommended that the chains be surrounded by suitable members so that at failure all parts of the load train
behave predictably and do not constitute a hazard for the operator.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.3The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 565 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Carbon and Graphite Mechanical Materials
C 709 Terminology Relating to Manufactured Carbon and Graphite
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The — The terms as related to tension testing as given in Terminology E 6 shall be considered as applying to
the terms used in this test method. See also Terminology C 709.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A tensile specimen (Fig. 1) is placed within a load train assembly made up of precision chains and other machined parts
(Fig. 2). A load is applied to the specimen provided with means of measuring strain until it is caused to fracture. This test yields
the tensile strength, elastic constants, and strain to failure of carbons and graphites.
5. Significance and Use
5.1This test method is intended to be used 5.1 The round robin testing on which the precision and bias for both carbons and
this test method have been determined employed a range of graphites (see Table 1) whose particlegrain sizes arewere of the order
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.F on
Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products .
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1992. Published October 1992. Originally published as C749–73. Last previous edition C749–87.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.F0 on
Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published August 2008. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 749–92(2002).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 03.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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C749–08
A A
TABLE 1 Sample Sizes Used in Round-Robin Tests (Su
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