ASTM D4633-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Energy Measurement for Dynamic Penetrometers
Standard Test Method for Energy Measurement for Dynamic Penetrometers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Various driven in situ penetrometers are used to evaluate the engineering behavior of soils. The Standard Penetration Test is the most common type. Engineering properties can be estimated on the basis of empirical correlations between N-values and soil density, strength or stiffness. Alternatively, the N-value can be used directly in foundation design using correlations to design parameters such as allowable bearing pressure or pile capacity. The N-value depends on the soil properties but also on the mass, geometry, stroke, anvil, and operating efficiency of the hammer. This energy measurement procedure can evaluate variations of N-value resulting from differences in the hammer system. See also Refs (1-6).3
4.2 There is an approximate, linear relationship between the incremental penetration of a penetrometer and the energy from the hammer that enters the drill rods, and therefore an approximate inverse relationship between the N-value and the energy delivered to the drill rods.
Note 1: Since the measured energy includes the extra potential energy effect due to the set per blow, tests for energy evaluation of the hammer systems should be limited to moderate N-value ranges between 10 and 50 (Ref (7)).
4.3 Stress wave energy measurements on penetrometers may evaluate both operator-dependent cathead and rope hammer systems and relatively operator-independent automatic systems.
4.4 The energy measurement has direct application for liquefaction evaluation for sands as referenced in Practice D6066.
4.5 This test method is useful for comparing the N-values produced by different equipment or operators performing SPT testing at the same site, aiding the design of penetrometer systems, training of dynamic penetrometer system operators, and developing conversion factors between different types of dynamic penetration tests.
Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitab...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes procedures for measuring the energy that enters the penetrometer drill rod string during dynamic penetrometer testing of soil due to the hammer impact.
1.2 This test has particular application to the comparative evaluation of N-values obtained from the Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) of soils in an open hole as in Test Method D1586 and Practice D6066. This procedure may also be applicable to other dynamic penetrometer tests.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are mathematical conversions which are provided for information purposes only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
1.3.1 The converted inch-pound units use the gravitational system of units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The converted slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.
1.4 Limitations—This test method applies to penetrometers driven from above the ground surface. It is not intended for use with down-hole hammers.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user's objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significa...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4633 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Energy Measurement for Dynamic Penetrometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4633; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical
methods for engineering design.
1.1 Thistestmethoddescribesproceduresformeasuringthe
energy that enters the penetrometer drill rod string during 1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
dynamic penetrometer testing of soil due to the hammer which provide explanatory material.These notes and footnotes
impact. (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
as requirements of the standard.
1.2 This test has particular application to the comparative
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
evaluation of N-values obtained from the Standard Penetration
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Tests (SPT) of soils in an open hole as in Test Method D1586
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and Practice D6066. This procedure may also be applicable to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
other dynamic penetrometer tests.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are
2. Referenced Documents
mathematical conversions which are provided for information
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
purposes only and are not considered standard. Reporting of
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as
Fluids
nonconformance with this test method.
D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-
1.3.1 The converted inch-pound units use the gravitational
Barrel Sampling of Soils
systemofunits.Inthissystem,thepound(lbf)representsaunit
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
converted slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma)
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
calculations are involved.
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
1.4 Limitations—This test method applies to penetrometers
Data
drivenfromabovethegroundsurface.Itisnotintendedforuse
D6066 Practice for Determining the Normalized Penetration
with down-hole hammers.
Resistance of Sands for Evaluation of Liquefaction Poten-
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
tial
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
Practice D6026.
3. Terminology
1.5.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
3.1 Definitions:
recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the
3.1.1 Fordefinitionsofcommontechnicaltermsusedinthis
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
3.2.1 anvil, n—the mass at the top of the drill rods that is
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
struck by the hammer.
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
3.2.2 drill rods, n—the steel rods connecting the hammer
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
system above the ground surface to the sampler below the
surface.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and
2
Related Field Testing for Soil Evaluations. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Currentedition approvedJuly 1,2016.PublishedJuly 2016.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4633 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D4633-16. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4633 − 16
3.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4633 − 10 D4633 − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Energy Measurement for Dynamic Penetrometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4633; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method describes procedures for measuring the energy that enters the penetrometer drill rod string during dynamic
penetrometer testing of soil due to the hammer impact.
1.2 This test has particular application to the comparative evaluation of N-values obtained from the Standard Penetration Tests
(SPT) of soils in an open hole as in Test Method D1586 and Practice D6066. This procedure may also be applicable to other
dynamic penetrometer tests.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions which are provided for information purposes only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units
other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
1.3.1 The converted inch-pound units use the gravitational system of units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of
force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The converted slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are
involved.
1.4 Limitations—This test method applies to penetrometers driven from above the ground surface. It is not intended for use with
down-hole hammers.
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.
1.6 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to how
the data can be applied in design or other uses, since that is beyond its scope. Practicetext of this standard references notes and
footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
considered as requirements of the D6066 specifies how these data may be normalized.standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and Related
Field Testing for Soil Evaluations.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010July 1, 2016. Published February 2010July 2016. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
D4633 – 05.D4633 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/D4633-10.10.1520/D4633-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D46
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