ASTM D3883-04(2016)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Yarn Crimp and Yarn Take-up in Woven Fabrics
Standard Test Method for Yarn Crimp and Yarn Take-up in Woven Fabrics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The relationship of the length of a piece of fabric and the length of yarn in the fabric can be determined accurately only be measuring the length of yarn entering the loom and the length of fabric made from that particular length of yarn. In most cases, however, the determination must of necessity be made on a woven fabric by measuring the length of yarn removed from a measured length of fabric, thus introducing certain variations that will influence the accuracy of the test. Yarn removed from the woven fabric contains undulations or waves that have been introduced by the weaving process. Heat, moisture, and mechanical shrinkage on subsequent finishing operations may accentuate these undulations, and in all probability, increase the force to pull them out and straighten the yarn. In order to accurately measure the length of the yarn after the removal of the crimp, these undulations must be pulled out without elongating the yarn. In some cases, the minimum force necessary to straighten the yarn will cause a certain amount of the elongation to take place, thus increasing the length of the yarn. Also, stresses imposed upon the yarn during the weaving process may have been sufficient to stretch the yarn beyond its elastic limit, again increasing its length. It is recognized that determination made by measuring length of yarn removed from a measured length of fabric may tend to give crimp values that are somewhat higher than the crimp in the yarn as it lay in the fabric. In the case of fabrics made from yarns that exhibit differential shrinkage, or yarns of widely different count, or yarns woven at different tensions, the crimp of each type of yarn in the fabric must be determined and reported separately.
5.2 This test method can be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments but comparisons should be made with caution because information on estimates of between-laboratory precision is limited as noted in 13.1.
5.2.1 If there are differences of practic...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relationship between the length of a piece of fabric and the length of the yarn in the fabric by measurement of the yarn crimp and yarn take-up.
1.2 This test method applies to woven fabrics.
1.3 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D3883 − 04 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Yarn Crimp and Yarn Take-up in Woven Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3883; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the rela- 3.1 For definition of textile terms used in this test method:
tionship between the length of a piece of fabric and the length bench marks, refer to Terminology D4849.
of the yarn in the fabric by measurement of the yarn crimp and
3.2 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method:
yarn take-up.
yarn crimp and yarn take-up, refer to Terminology D4850.
1.2 This test method applies to woven fabrics.
3.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
1.3 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to method, refer to Terminology D123.
be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
4. Summary of Test Method
inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated
in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
4.1 Bench marks are placed on a length of a yarn as it lies
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
in a woven fabric. The distance between the bench marks is
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
measured.Theyarnisremovedfromthefabric,straightenedby
with the specification.
applying suitable tension, and the distance between the bench
marks is remeasured. Yarn crimp is the change in length
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
expressedasapercentandbasedonthein-fabricdistance.Yarn
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
take-up is the change in length expressed as a percent and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
based on the out-of-fabric distance.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Therelationshipofthelengthofapieceoffabricandthe
2.1 ASTM Standards: length of yarn in the fabric can be determined accurately only
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles be measuring the length of yarn entering the loom and the
D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Tex- length of fabric made from that particular length of yarn. In
tiles most cases, however, the determination must of necessity be
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test made on a woven fabric by measuring the length of yarn
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With- removed from a measured length of fabric, thus introducing
drawn 2008) certain variations that will influence the accuracy of the test.
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Yarn removed from the woven fabric contains undulations or
waves that have been introduced by the weaving process. Heat,
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers moisture, and mechanical shrinkage on subsequent finishing
operations may accentuate these undulations, and in all
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
Methods probability, increase the force to pull them out and straighten
the yarn. In order to accurately measure the length of the yarn
after the removal of the crimp, these undulations must be
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
pulled out without elongating the yarn. In some cases, the
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
General.
minimum force necessary to straighten the yarn will cause a
Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approved
certain amount of the elongation to take place, thus increasing
in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D3883 – 04(2012). DOI:
the length of the yarn. Also, stresses imposed upon the yarn
10.1520/D3883-04R16.
during the weaving process may have been sufficient to stretch
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the yarn beyond its elastic limit, again increasing its length. It
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
is recognized that determination made by measuring length of
the ASTM website.
yarn removed from a measured length of fabric may tend to
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. give crimp values that are somewhat higher than the crimp in
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3883 − 04 (2016)
the yarn as it lay in the fabric. In the case of fabrics made from 7.3.4 If the fabric has a pattern, ensure that the specimens
yarns that exhibit differential shrinkage, or yarns of widely are a representative sampling of the pattern.
different count, or yarns woven at different tensions, the crimp
8. Conditioning
of each type of yarn in the fabric must be determined and
reported separately.
8.1 Condition the specimens by bringing them to approxi-
mate moisture equilibrium in the standard atmosphere for
5.2 This test method can be used for acceptance testing of
conditioning textiles as directed in Practice D1776/D1776M.
commercial shipments but comparisons should be made with
caution because information on estimates of between-
9. Preparation of Test Apparatus and Calibration
laboratory precision is limited as noted in 13.1.
9.1 Set-up procedures for machines from different manufac-
5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
turers may vary. Prepare and verify calibration of the testing
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
device as directed in the manufacturer’s instructions.
comparative tests should be performed to determine if their is
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
10. Procedure
assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used
10.1 Test the specimens in the standard atmosphere for
are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material
testing textiles, as described in Practice D1776/D1776M.
from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for
10.2 Handle the test specimens carefully to avoid altering
testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be
the natural state of the material.
compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a
10.3 Test ten specimens from the warpwise direction or ten
probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is
specimensfromthefillingwisedirection,orboth,asrequiredin
found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future
a material specification or contact order.
test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration
10.4 Using the marking device, make two lines (bench
of the known bias.
marks) 250 mm (10 in.) apart, perpendicular to the yarn being
tested and extending 25 mm (1 in.) into the fabric, and record
6. Apparatus
the distance between bench marks as distance (F) (in-fabric
6.1 Suitable Device , for straightening the yarn through
distance).
application of horizontal or vertical tension, having two yarn
10.4.1 If a direct reading device is used, follow the manu-
support surfaces or two clamps, the distance between which
facturer’s recommendations for establishing the specimen
may be altered in order to apply the needed tension.
length.
6.2 Suitable Marking Device, for marking bench marks on
10.5 Prepare an edge by making a cut at least 350 mm (14
the yarn specimen.
in.) long, parallel, and in the direction of the yarn to be
measured, and such that it crosses near the ends of both lines
7. Sampling and Test Specimens
of the bench mark.
7.1 Primary Sampling Unit—Consider rolls of fabric or
10.6 Ravel several yarns from the cut edge, such that they
fabric components of fabricated systems to be the primary
contain the bench marks.
sampling unit, as applicable.
10.7 One at a time, when ready to use, ravel ten yarn
7.2 Laboratory Sampling Unit—As a laboratory sampling
specimensfromthepreparededgeofthefabric.Ensurethatthe
unit take from rolls two pieces of fabric, full width, each 375
bench marks appear on each yarn. Take care not to disturb the
mm (15 in.) in length along the selvage (machine direction)
twistorstraintheyarn.Maintainidentityofthefabricdirection
after removing a first 1-mm (1-yd) length. For fabric compo-
being evaluated, that is, warpwise or fillingwise.
nents of fabricated systems use the entire system.
10.8 Fasten one of the yarn specimens in the clamps of a
7.3 TestSpecimens—Fromeachlaboratorysamplingunit,as
tensioning device or, if applicable, in the proper position of the
required for each the warpwise and fillingwise directions, take
yarn supports of a direct reading crimp tester with the bench
ten test specimens, each 300 mm (14 in.) long as direction in
markscoincidentwiththenipsoftherespectiveclampsthatare
Section 9. Consider the long direction as the direction of test.
set for the initial in-fabric length.
7.3.1 For fabric widths 125-mm (5-in.) or more, take no
10.8.1 Clamp type devices may consist of a twist counter
specimen closer than 25-mm (1-in.) from the selvage edge.
fitted with graduated sliding clamp, or a ten
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3883 − 04 (Reapproved 2012) D3883 − 04 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Yarn Crimp and Yarn Take-up in Woven Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3883; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relationship between the length of a piece of fabric and the length of the
yarn in the fabric by measurement of the yarn crimp and yarn take-up.
1.2 This test method applies to woven fabrics.
1.3 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound
units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (Withdrawn 2008)
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 For definition of textile terms used in this test method: bench marks, refer to Terminology D4849.
3.2 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method: yarn crimp and yarn take-up, refer to Terminology D4850.
3.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Bench marks are placed on a length of a yarn as it lies in a woven fabric. The distance between the bench marks is measured.
The yarn is removed from the fabric, straightened by applying suitable tension, and the distance between the bench marks is
remeasured. Yarn crimp is the change in length expressed as a percent and based on the in-fabric distance. Yarn take-up is the
change in length expressed as a percent and based on the out-of-fabric distance.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The relationship of the length of a piece of fabric and the length of yarn in the fabric can be determined accurately only
be measuring the length of yarn entering the loom and the length of fabric made from that particular length of yarn. In most cases,
however, the determination must of necessity be made on a woven fabric by measuring the length of yarn removed from a
measured length of fabric, thus introducing certain variations that will influence the accuracy of the test. Yarn removed from the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods, General.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012July 1, 2016. Published August 2012July 2016. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20082012 as
D3883 – 04(2008).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D3883-04R12.10.1520/D3883-04R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3883 − 04 (2016)
woven fabric contains undulations or waves that have been introduced by the weaving process. Heat, moisture, and mechanical
shrinkage on subsequent finishing operations may accentuate these undulations, and in all probability, increase the force to pull
them out and straighten the yarn. In order to accurately measure the length of the yarn after the removal of the crimp, these
undulations must be pulled out without elongating the yarn. In some cases, the minimum force necessary to straighten the yarn
will cause a certain amount of the elongation to take place, thus increasing the length of the yarn. Also, stresses imposed upon the
yarn during the weaving process may have been sufficient to stretch the yarn beyond its elastic limit, again increasing its length.
It is recognized that determination made by measuring length of yarn removed from a measured length of fabric may tend to give
crimp values that are somewhat higher than the crimp in the yarn as it lay in the fabric. In the case of fabrics made from yarns
that exhibit differential shrinkage, or yarns of widely different count, or yarns woven at different tensions, the crimp of each type
of yarn in the fabric must be determined and reported separately.
5.2 This test method can be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments but comparisons should be made with caution
because information on estimates of between-laboratory precision is limited as noted in 13.1.
5.2.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative
tests should be performed to determine if their is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a
minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate
test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two
laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series.
If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in
consideration of the known bias.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Suitable Device , for straightening the yarn through application of horizontal or vertical tension, having two yarn support
surfaces or two clamps, the distance between which may be altered in order to apply the needed tension.
6.2 Suitable Marking Device, for marking bench marks on the yarn specimen.
7. Sampling and Test Specimens
7.1 Primary Sampling Unit—Consider rolls of fabric or fabric components of fabricated systems to be the primary sampling
unit, as applicable.
7.2 Laboratory Sampling Unit—As a laboratory sampling unit take from rolls two pieces of fabric, full width, each 375 mm (15
in.) in length along the selvage (machine direction) after removing a first 1-mm (1-yd) length. For fabric components of fabricated
systems use the entire system.
7.3 Test Specimens—From each laboratory sampling unit, as required for each the warpwise and fillingwise directions, take ten
test specimens, each 300 mm (14 in.) long as direction in Section 9. Consider the long direction as the direction of test.
7.3.1 For fabric widths 125-mm (5-in.) or more, take no specimen closer than 25-mm (1-in.) from the selvage edge.
7.3.2 For fabric widths less than 125-mm (5-in.), use the entire width for specimens.
7.3.3 Ensure specimens are free of folds, creases, or wrinkles. Avoid getting oil, water, grease, etc., on the specimens when
handling.
7.3.4 If the fabric has a pattern, ensure that the specimens are a representative sampling of the pattern.
8. Conditioning
8.1 Condition the specimens by bringing them to approximate moisture equilibrium in the standard atmosphere for conditioning
textiles as directed in Practice D1776D1776/D1776M.
9. Preparation of Test Apparatus and Calibration
9.1 Set-up procedures for machines from different manufacturers may vary. Prepare and verify calibration of the testing device
as directed in the manufacturer’s instructions.
10. Procedure
10.1 Test the specimens in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, as described in Practice D1776D1776/D1776M.
10.2 Handle the test specimens carefully to avoid altering the natural state of the material.
10.3 Test ten specimens from the warpwise direction or ten specimens from the fillingwise direction, or both, as required in a
material specification or contact order.
Commercially available devices that have been found acceptable are a twist tester with tension device, a tensile testing machine, and a crimp tester of the direct reading
type.
D3883 − 04 (2016)
10.4 Using the marking device, make two lines (bench marks) 250 mm (10 in.) apart, perpendicular to the yarn being tested
and extending 25 mm (1 in.) into the fabric, and record the distance between bench marks as distance (F) (in-fabric distance).
10.4.1 If a direct reading device is used, follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for establishing the specimen length.
10.5 Prepare an edge by making a cut at least 350 mm (14 in.) long, parallel, and in the direction of the yarn to be measured,
and such that it crosses near the ends of both lines of the bench mark.
10.6 Ravel several yarns from the cut edge, such that they contain the bench marks.
10.7 One at a time, when ready to use, ravel ten yarn specimens from the prepare
...
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