ASTM E2428-14

Standard Practice for Calibration of Torque-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Torque Indication of Torque Testing Machines

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Testing machines that apply and indicate torque are in general use in many industries. Practice E2624 has been written to provide a practice for the torque verification of these machines. A necessary element in Practice E2624 is the use of devices whose torque characteristics are known to be traceable to national standards. Practice E2428 describes how these devices are to be calibrated. The procedures are useful to users of torque testing machines, manufacturers and providers of torque measuring instruments, calibration laboratories that provide calibration services and documents, and service organizations using devices to verify torque testing machines.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is to specify procedure for the calibration of elastic torque-measuring instruments.
Note 1: Verification by deadweight and a lever arm is an acceptable method of verifying the torque indication of a torque testing machine. Tolerances for weights used are tabulated in Practice E2624; methods for calibration of the weights are given in NIST Technical Note 577, Methods of Calibrating Weights for Piston Gages.2  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This practice is intended for the calibration of static torque measuring instruments. The practice is not applicable for dynamic or high-speed torque calibrations or measurements, nor can the results of calibrations performed in accordance with this practice be assumed valid for dynamic or high speed torque measurements.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Oct-2014
• ICS: 19.100 - Non-destructive testing
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.01 - Calibration of Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E2428-08 - Standard Practice for Calibration of Torque-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Torque Indication of Torque Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2014
• Replaced By: ASTM E2428-15 - Standard Practice for Calibration of Torque-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Torque Indication of Torque Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2015
• Referred By: ASTM E2624-17 - Standard Practice for Torque Calibration of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 15-Oct-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2428 − 14
StandardPractice for
Calibration of Torque-Measuring Instruments for Verifying
1
the Torque Indication of Torque Testing Machines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2428; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 American National Standard:
4
B46.1Surface Texture
1.1 This practice is to specify procedure for the calibration
of elastic torque-measuring instruments.
ELASTIC TORQUE-MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
NOTE 1—Verification by deadweight and a lever arm is an acceptable
method of verifying the torque indication of a torque testing machine.
3. Terminology
Tolerances for weights used are tabulated in Practice E2624; methods for
calibrationoftheweightsaregiveninNISTTechnicalNote577,Methods
3.1 Definitions:
2
of Calibrating Weights for Piston Gages.
3.1.1 elastic torque-measuring device—a device or system
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
consisting of an elastic member combined with a device for
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
indicating the measured values (or a quantity proportional to
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
the measured value) of deformation of the member under an
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
applied torque.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1.2 primary torque standards—adeadweightforceapplied
with the standard.
throughaleverarmorwheel,withacalibratedlengthorradius
1.3 This practice is intended for the calibration of static
of a known uncertainty, that is traceable to national standards.
torque measuring instruments. The practice is not applicable
3.1.3 secondary torque standard—an instrument or
for dynamic or high-speed torque calibrations or
mechanism, that has been calibrated by a comparison with a
measurements, nor can the results of calibrations performed in
primary torque standard(s).
accordance with this practice be assumed valid for dynamic or
3.1.4 torque—a vector product of force and length, ex-
high speed torque measurements.
pressed in terms of N-m, lbf-in., etc.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.1 calibration equation—a mathematical relationship be-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tween deflection and torque established from the calibration
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
data for use with the torque transducer in service, sometimes
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
called the calibration curve.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Torque transducers have torque-to-
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
deflection relationships that can be fitted to polynomial equa-
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
tions.
Determine Conformance with Specifications
3.2.2 continuous-reading device—a class of instruments
E2624Practice for Torque Calibration of Testing Machines
whose characteristics permit interpolation of torque values
and Devices
between calibrated torque values.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Such instruments usually have torque-
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE28onMechanical
to-deflection relationships that can be fitted to polynomial
Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.01 on Calibration of
equations. Departures from the fitted curve are reflected in the
Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2014. Published May 2015. Originally uncertainty (see 8.5).
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2428–08. DOI:
3.2.3 creep—The change in deflection of the torque trans-
10.1520/E2428-14.
2
ducer under constant applied torque.
Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2428 − 14
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Creep is expressed as a percentage of 4. Significance an
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2428 − 08 E2428 − 14
Standard Practice for
Calibration of Torque-Measuring Instruments for Verifying
1
the Torque Indication of Torque Testing Machines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2428; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice is to specify procedure for the calibration of elastic torque-measuring instruments.
NOTE 1—Verification by deadweight and a lever arm is an acceptable method of verifying the torque indication of a torque testing machine. Tolerances
for weights used are tabulated in Practice E2624; methods for calibration of the weights are given in NIST Technical Note 577, Methods of Calibrating
2
Weights for Piston Gages.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This practice is intended for the calibration of static or quasi-static torque measuring instruments. The practice is not
applicable for high speed dynamic or high-speed torque calibrations or measurements, nor can the results of calibrations performed
in accordance with this practice be assumed valid for dynamic or high speed torque measurements.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E2624 Practice for Torque Calibration of Testing Machines and Devices
2.2 American National Standard:
4
B46.1 Surface Texture
ELASTIC TORQUE-MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 elastic torque-measuring device—a device or system consisting of an elastic member combined with a device for
indicating the measured values (or a quantity proportional to the measured value) of deformation of the member under an applied
torque.
3.1.2 primary torque standards—a deadweight force applied through a lever arm or wheel, with a calibrated length or radius
of a known uncertainty, that is traceable to national standards.
3.1.3 secondary torque standard—an instrument or mechanism, that has been calibrated by a comparison with a primary torque
standard(s).
3.1.4 torque—a vector product of force and length, expressed in terms of N-m, lbf-in., etc.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.01 on Calibration of
Mechanical Testing Machines and Apparatus.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2008Oct. 15, 2014. Published March 2008May 2015. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2428–08.
DOI: 10.1520/E2428-08.10.1520/E2428-14.
2
Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2428 − 14
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 calibration equation—a mathematical relationship between output of the unit under test and the applied standard torque,
sometimes referred to as deflection and torque established from the calibration data for use with the torque transducer in service,
sometimes called the calibration curve.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
Torque transducers have torque-to-deflection relationships that can be fitted to polynomial equations.
3.2.2 continuous-reading device—a class
...