ASTM D5946-01
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Corona-Treated Polymer Films Using Water Contact Angle Measurements
Standard Test Method for Corona-Treated Polymer Films Using Water Contact Angle Measurements
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the contact angle of water droplets on corona-treated polymer film surfaces.
Note 1--There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 5946 – 01
Standard Test Method for
Corona-Treated Polymer Films Using Water Contact Angle
1
Measurements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5946; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * contact angle directly with a protractor by using tangential
alignment of a cursor line or the use of reference alignment
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the contact
procedures (Test Method D 724); or (2) by analyzing an image
angle of water droplets on corona-treated polymer film sur-
of a droplet using various projection or reflective devices and
faces.
measuring the height and width on the substrate surface to
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
calculate the contact angle as follows:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
u5 2 · arc tan ~H/R! (1)
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
where:
only.
u = contact angle,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
H = height of a droplet’s image, and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
R = half its width.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
2
Insulating Materials for Testing
D 724 Test Method for Surface Wettability of Paper (Angle-
3
of-Contact Method)
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
4
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1.1.2 Discussion—Instrumentation is also available that
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: utilizes an image and directly determines the contact angle
3.1.1 static contact angle, u (degrees), n—the angle be-
based on the calculation shown for Method (2) of U.S. Patent
tween the substrate surface and the tangent line drawn to the No. 5,268,733.
droplet surface at the three-phase point, when a liquid drop is
3.1.1.3 Discussion—Method (1) may be biased due to the
resting on a plane solid surface. subjective nature of visually finding a tangent to the droplet
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Contact angle values can be deter-
image at the three-phase point; if Method (1) is to be used, the
mined as follows: (1) by analyzing an image of a droplet using bias of each operator’s measurements shall be determined.
various projection or reflective devices and measuring the
Because Method (2) utilizes measured dimensions of the
droplet, it would be expected to have less bias. Comparative
analyses using these various procedures have not been con-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
ducted. Therefore, caution is recommended when comparing
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and Sheeting.
data obtained from these different methods.
Current edition approved March 10, 2001. Published June 2001. Originally
published as D 5946 – 96. Last previous edition D 5946 – 99. 3.1.1.4 Discussion—Method (2) may not be applicable in
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
special cases in which the contact angle is greater than 90°
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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D 5946
4. Summary of Test Method film may affect the results. It is therefore important that the
portion of the film surface to be tested not be touched or
4.1 In this test method, drops of water are placed on the
rubbed, that all equipment be scrupulously clean, and that
surface of a film sample, and the contact angle values are
water purity be guarded carefully. Glass apparatus, in particu-
measured and then averaged.
lar, is likely to be contaminated with detergents having very
5. Significance and Use low surface tension, unless specific precautions are taken to
ensure their absence, such as cleaning with chromic sulfuric
5.1 The ability of polymer films to retain inks, coatings,
acid and rinsing with distilled water.
adhesives, etc. is primarily dependent on the character of their
surfaces and can be improved by one of several surface- 6.2 The presence of slip, antistatic, or antiblocking and
treating techniques. The electrical discharge treatment, such as other additives can change the surface of the film since these
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