ASTM A823-99(2019)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Statically Cast Permanent Mold Gray Iron Castings
Standard Specification for Statically Cast Permanent Mold Gray Iron Castings
ABSTRACT
This specification covers gray iron castings that are statically cast in permanent molds. Castings under this specification are classified into a number of grades (A-SA, A-SB, A-SC, A-SS, A-CA, A-CB, A-CC, N-SA, N-SB, N-SC,N-SS, N-CA, N-CB and N-CC) based on the properties of separately cast test bars. The grades are designated A for annealed or N for normalized; followed by an S or a C to designate a solid or a cored casting; followed by an A, B, C, or S to designate the test bar to be poured with the castings. The cast test bar shall be selected on the basis of the controlling section size of the casting and shall have the specified dimensions (diameter and length). Castings may be produced in the as cast state provided the tensile strength and Brinell hardness requirements are met. The chemical composition and heat treatment shall be such as to produce these mechanical requirements as well. A suitable permanent mold design for separately cast test bars is described and the tension test requirements are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers gray iron castings that are statically cast in permanent molds.
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the iron in various locations of the same casting or between the properties of a casting and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A823 −99 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Specification for
Statically Cast Permanent Mold Gray Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification covers gray iron castings that are
3.1 Definitions for many terms common to iron castings are
statically cast in permanent molds.
found in Terminology A644. A classification of graphite
structure is found in Test Method A247.
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated be-
tweenthepropertiesoftheironinvariouslocationsofthesame
4. Classification
castingorbetweenthepropertiesofacastingandthoseofatest
specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).
4.1 Castings ordered and produced under this specification
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
are classified into a number of grades based on the properties
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical of separately cast test bars.The test bar shall be selected on the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
basis of the controlling section size of the casting (see 9.1 and
and are not considered standard. 9.2 and Table 1).
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.2 Castings may be produced in the as-cast state provided
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the requirements of this standard in Table 1 are met. However,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
annealing or normalizing heat treatments are usual and cus-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tomary and are a basis for classification.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.3 The grades are designated A for annealed or N for
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
normalized.This is followed by an S oraCto designate a solid
oracoredcasting,followedbyanA,B,C,orStodesignatethe
2. Referenced Documents
test bar to be poured with the castings. Examples of proper
2.1 ASTM Standards:
designations are as follows:
A247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of
Permanent Mold Castings, ASTM Specification A823,
Graphite in Iron Castings
Grade N-SB
A644 Terminology Relating to Iron Castings
Permanent Mold Castings, ASTM Specification A823,
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
Grade A-CC
terials
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
5. Ordering Information
2.2 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment
5.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the
2.3 Military Standard: following information:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
5.1.1 ASTM designation number and year of issue.
5.1.2 Grade of iron required (see Section 4 and Table 1).
5.1.3 The size of the separately cast test bar (letter classifi-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
cationA, B, C, or S) which best represents the thickness of the
CastingsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeA04.01onGreyandWhite
Iron Castings. controlling section of the casting (see 4.1 and Table 2).
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally
5.1.4 Location for Brinell Hardness determination (see
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A823 – 99 (2012).
10.1.1).
DOI: 10.1520/A0823-99R19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1.5 Lot size (see Section 16).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1.6 Special requirements (see Section 17).
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
5.1.7 Special preparation for delivery (see Section 22).
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
5.1.8 Saving tested specimens or unbroken test bars (see
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
www.dodssp.daps.mil. 19.1.1).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A823−99 (2019)
TABLE 1 Permanent Mold Gray Iron Specifications
9.2 The test bar selected shall be based on the controlling
Tensile Strength, min, section size of the casting. This shall be determined by the
Grade BHN
A
ksi (MPa)
dimensions of the largest cylinder that will fit into the control-
Uncored—Annealed
ling section of the casting with the additional requirement that
A-SA 30 000 (207) 163–207
the height of the cylinder must be at least equal to its diameter.
A-SB 25 000 (172) 163–207
A-SC 20 000 (138) 163–207
9.3 The test bars shall be cast in a permanent mold. The
A-SS 18 000 (124) 143–207
mold shall be of similar material, design, and construction as
Cored—Annealed
A-CA 30 000 (207) 143–207
that used to make the production castings. The test bar
A-CB 25 000 (172) 143–207
permanent mold shall be preheated with three consecutive
A-CC 20 000 (138) 143–207
pours,afterwhich,startingwiththefourthpour,thebarscanbe
Uncored—Normalized
N-SA 30 000 (207) 170–229
used for the tension test.Asuitable design for a mold is shown
N-SB 25 000 (172) 170–229
in Fig. 1.
N-SC 20 000 (138) 170–229
N-SS 18 000 (124) 149–229
9.4 Byspecificagreementbetweenthemanufacturerandthe
Cored—Normalized
purchaser, test bars removed from the castings may be substi-
N-CA 30 000 (207) 170–229
N-CB 25 000 (172) 149–229 tuted for separately cast test bars. The location from which the
N-CC 20 000 (138) 149–229
bars are taken shall be as agreed between the parties and
A
Refer to Fig. X1.1 for the relationship between tensile strength and section size.
indicated on the casting drawing or data base equivalent.
9.5 Where test specimens are to represent heat-treated
castings, they shall accompany the castings in the same heat
TABLE 2 Diameters and Lengths of Cast Test Bars
treat lot(s), or by agreement, be subjected to the same thermal
A
As-Cast Diameter, in. (mm) Length, in. (mm)
Test
cycle that the castings undergo.
Nominal Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
Bar
(Mid-Length) (Bottom) (Top) (Specified) (Recommended)
10. Hardness Requirements
A 0.88 (22.4) 0.85 (21.6) 0.96 (24.4) 5.0 (125) 6.0 (150)
B 1.20 (30.5) 1.14 (29.0) 1.32 (33.5) 6.0 (150) 9.0 (230)
10.1 Brinell hardness readings taken on the castings shall
C 2.00 (50.8) 1.90 (48.3) 2.10 (53.3) 7.0 (175) 10.0 (255)
B
S . . . . . conform to the requirements in Table 1.
A
10.1.1 The area or areas on the castings where the hardness
The diameter is the controlling section for the appropriate permanent mold
specification (see Section 9).
is to be determined shall be established by agreement between
B
All dimensions of test bar S shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the
manufacturer and purchaser and shall be shown on the casting
purchaser.
drawing.
10.1.2 Brinell hardness shall be determined in accordance
with Test Method E10. Sufficient surface material shall be
6. Chemical Composition
removed (generally 0.010 to 0.030 in.) to ensure that the
6.1 The chemical composition shall be such as to produce
measured hardness is representative of the basic iron structure.
the mechanical properties required by this specification. As a
10.1.3 Brinell hardness measurements shall be undertaken
reference, typical compositions covering all grades are shown
at room temperature, defined as 50 to 95 °F (10 to 35 °C).
in Table X1.1 in Appendix X1.
11. Dimensional Requirements
6.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser,
chemical composition requirements may be specified.
11.1 The castings shall conform to the dimensions or
drawings furnished by the purchaser, or, if there are no
7. Heat Treatment
drawings,tothedimensionspredictedbythepatternequipment
7.1 Although castings may be provided in the as-cast
supplied by the purchaser.
condition, when necessary, heat treatment shall be such as to
produce the mechanical properties required in this standard.
12. Workmanship and Finish
12.1 The surface of the casting shall be inspected visually,
8. Tensile Requirements
particularly in critical areas, for such surface defects as cracks,
8.1 Test bars representing castings conforming to this speci-
hot tears, adhering sand and scale, cold shuts, and gas holes.
fication shall meet the requirements for tensile strength de-
12.2 No repairing by plugging or welding of any kind shall
scribed in Table 1.
be permitted unless written permission is granted by the
9. Cast Test Bars purchaser.
9.1 Test bars shall be separate castings poured from the
13. Number of Tests and Retests
same iron as the castings they represent and shall have
dimensions as shown in Table 2. Allowance may be made for 13.1 The manufacturer shall cast and prepare at least three
reasonablepatterndraftwithinthetolerancesshowninTable2. test bars for each lot of castings intended to conform to this
Test bars A, B, and C are all standard test bars in the form of specification. The manufacturer shall conduct the specified
simple cylinders. Test bar S is special and is intended for use tests unless the manufacturer and purchaser agree that the tests
where the controlling section of the casting is over 2 in. shall be made by another qualified laboratory. Only one bar
A823−99 (2019)
Required Features:
1. Material—Permanent molds.
2. Position—Bars vertical.
3. L—See Table 2.
4. D—See Table 2.
FIG. 1 Suitable Design and Dimensions for Mold for Separately Cast Cylindrical Test Bars for Gray Iron
need be tested if the results conform to the property require- 14.2 For test bar B, the tension test specimen B, as shown in
ments of this specification. If any test specimen shows defec- Fig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test
tive or improper machining, or obvious lack of continuity of bar.
metal, it may be discarded and replaced by another specimen
14.3 For test bar C, tension test specimen C, as shown in
from another test bar from the same lot.
Fig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test
13.2 If after testing a test specimen shows evidence of a bar. Unless the size of the tensile test specimen to be machined
defect, the results of the test may be invalidated and another from test bar C is specified in writing by the purchaser, the
made on a specimen from the same lot. decision whether to use tension test specimen B or C shall be
made by the manufacturer of the castings.
13.3 If the results of a valid test fail to conform to the
requirements of this specification, two retests shall be made. If 14.4 For test bar S, the nature and dimensions of the tension
either retest fails to meet the specification requirements, the test specimen shall be determined by agreement between the
castings represented by these test specimens shall be rejected. manufacturer and the purchaser. Test bar S is to be used
A valid test is one wherein the specimen has been properly whenever the controlling section exceeds 2 in.
prepared and appears to be sound and on which the approved
15. Tension Test
test procedure has been followed.
15.1 Tension testing shall be determined in accordance with
13.4 Ifsufficientseparatelycasttestpiecesarenotavailable,
Test Methods E8/E8M.
the manufacturer shall have the option of removing a test
specimen from a location of representative casting, as agreed 15.2 The tension test specimens shall fit the holders of the
upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.
testing machine in such a way that the load shall be axial.
13.5 If the first test results indicate that a heat treatment or 15.3 The elapsed time from the beginning of loading in the
an additional heat treatment is needed to meet the test
tension test to the instant of fracture shall be not less than 15 s
requirements, the entire lot of castings and the representative for test specimen A and not less than 20 s for test specimen B
test specimens shall be heat treated or reheat treated together.
or C.
Testing shall proceed in accordance with 13.1 – 13.4.
16. Description of a Lot
14. Tension Test Specimens
16.1 The manufacturer may define a lot as any of the
14.1 For test barA, the tension test specimenA, as shown in following:
Fig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test 16.1.1 A lot size may be established by agreement between
bar. the manufacturer and the purchaser.
A823−99 (2019)
Dimensions, in. (mm) Tension Test Specimen A Tension Test Specimen B Tension Test Specimen C
G—Length of parallel, min 0.50 (13) 0.75 (19) 1.25 (32)
D—Diameter 0.500 ± 0.010 (12.7 ± 0.25) 0.750 ± 0.015 (19.1 ± 0.4) 1.25 ± 0.025 (32 ± 0.6)
R—Radius of fillet, min 1 (25) 1 (25) 2 (50)
1 21 17
A—Length of reduced section, min 1 ⁄4 (32) 1 ⁄32 (42) 2 ⁄32 (64)
3 5 3
L—Overall length, min 3 ⁄4 (95) 4 ⁄32 (106) 6 ⁄8 (160)
7 1 7
C—Diameter of end section, approx ⁄8 (22.2) 1 ⁄4 (31.8) 1 ⁄8 (47)
1 1 5
E—Length of shoulder, min ⁄4 (6) ⁄4 (6) ⁄16 (8)
5 1 15 1 7 1
F—Diameter of shoulder ⁄8 ± ⁄64 (16 ± 0.5) ⁄16 ± ⁄64 (25 ± 0.5) 1 ⁄16 ± ⁄64 (36 ± 0.5)
AA A
B—Length of end section
A
Optional to fit holders on testing machine. If threaded, root diameter shall not be less than dimension F.
FIG. 2 Tension Test Specimens
16.1.2 Absent such an agreement as described in 16.1.1,a 19.2 The purchaser reserves the right to perform any of the
lot shall be a group of castings weighing less than 2000 lb inspectionssetforthinthespecificationwheresuchinspections
(910 kg) each when the total weight of the group does not are deemed necessary to ensure that supplies and services
exceed 8000 lb (3600 kg) and when poured continuously conform to the prescribed requirements.
within 4 h from the same melt and from consecutive charges of
essentially the same percentages and types of materials. 20. Rejection and Resubmission
20.1 Any castings or lot of castings failing to comply with
17. Special Requirements
the requirements of this specification may, where possible, be
17.1 When agreed upon in writing by the manufacturer and
reprocessed, retested, and reinspected. If the tests and inspec-
the purchaser, it may be necessary for the castings to meet
tions on the reprocessed casting(s) show compliance with this
special requirements as to hardness, chemical composition,
specification, the castings shall be acceptable; if they do not,
microstructure, pressure tigh
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A823 − 99 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Specification for
Statically Cast Permanent Mold Gray Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification covers gray iron castings that are
3.1 Definitions for many terms common to iron castings are
statically cast in permanent molds.
found in Terminology A644. A classification of graphite
structure is found in Test Method A247.
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated be-
tween the properties of the iron in various locations of the same
4. Classification
casting or between the properties of a casting and those of a test
specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).
4.1 Castings ordered and produced under this specification
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded are classified into a number of grades based on the properties
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
of separately cast test bars. The test bar shall be selected on the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only basis of the controlling section size of the casting (see 9.1 and
and are not considered standard.
9.2 and Table 1).
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.2 Castings may be produced in the as-cast state provided
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the requirements of this standard in Table 1 are met. However,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
annealing or normalizing heat treatments are usual and cus-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
tomary and are a basis for classification.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.3 The grades are designated A for annealed or N for
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
normalized. This is followed by an S or a C to designate a solid
or a cored casting, followed by an A, B, C, or S to designate the
2. Referenced Documents
test bar to be poured with the castings. Examples of proper
2.1 ASTM Standards:
designations are as follows:
A247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of
Permanent Mold Castings, ASTM Specification A823,
Graphite in Iron Castings
Grade N-SB
A644 Terminology Relating to Iron Castings
Permanent Mold Castings, ASTM Specification A823,
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
Grade A-CC
terials
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
5. Ordering Information
2.2 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment
5.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the
2.3 Military Standard: following information:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
5.1.1 ASTM designation number and year of issue.
5.1.2 Grade of iron required (see Section 4 and Table 1).
5.1.3 The size of the separately cast test bar (letter classifi-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
cation A, B, C, or S) which best represents the thickness of the
Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.01 on Grey and White
controlling section of the casting (see 4.1 and Table 2).
Iron Castings.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally
5.1.4 Location for Brinell Hardness determination (see
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A823 – 99 (2012).
10.1.1).
DOI: 10.1520/A0823-99R19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1.5 Lot size (see Section 16).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1.6 Special requirements (see Section 17).
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
5.1.7 Special preparation for delivery (see Section 22).
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
5.1.8 Saving tested specimens or unbroken test bars (see
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
www.dodssp.daps.mil. 19.1.1).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A823 − 99 (2019)
TABLE 1 Permanent Mold Gray Iron Specifications
9.2 The test bar selected shall be based on the controlling
Tensile Strength, min, section size of the casting. This shall be determined by the
Grade BHN
A
ksi (MPa)
dimensions of the largest cylinder that will fit into the control-
Uncored—Annealed
ling section of the casting with the additional requirement that
A-SA 30 000 (207) 163–207
the height of the cylinder must be at least equal to its diameter.
A-SB 25 000 (172) 163–207
A-SC 20 000 (138) 163–207
9.3 The test bars shall be cast in a permanent mold. The
A-SS 18 000 (124) 143–207
mold shall be of similar material, design, and construction as
Cored—Annealed
A-CA 30 000 (207) 143–207
that used to make the production castings. The test bar
A-CB 25 000 (172) 143–207
permanent mold shall be preheated with three consecutive
A-CC 20 000 (138) 143–207
pours, after which, starting with the fourth pour, the bars can be
Uncored—Normalized
N-SA 30 000 (207) 170–229
used for the tension test. A suitable design for a mold is shown
N-SB 25 000 (172) 170–229
in Fig. 1.
N-SC 20 000 (138) 170–229
N-SS 18 000 (124) 149–229
9.4 By specific agreement between the manufacturer and the
Cored—Normalized
purchaser, test bars removed from the castings may be substi-
N-CA 30 000 (207) 170–229
N-CB 25 000 (172) 149–229 tuted for separately cast test bars. The location from which the
N-CC 20 000 (138) 149–229
bars are taken shall be as agreed between the parties and
A
Refer to Fig. X1.1 for the relationship between tensile strength and section size.
indicated on the casting drawing or data base equivalent.
9.5 Where test specimens are to represent heat-treated
castings, they shall accompany the castings in the same heat
TABLE 2 Diameters and Lengths of Cast Test Bars
treat lot(s), or by agreement, be subjected to the same thermal
A
As-Cast Diameter, in. (mm) Length, in. (mm)
Test
cycle that the castings undergo.
Nominal Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
Bar
(Mid-Length) (Bottom) (Top) (Specified) (Recommended)
10. Hardness Requirements
A 0.88 (22.4) 0.85 (21.6) 0.96 (24.4) 5.0 (125) 6.0 (150)
B 1.20 (30.5) 1.14 (29.0) 1.32 (33.5) 6.0 (150) 9.0 (230)
10.1 Brinell hardness readings taken on the castings shall
C 2.00 (50.8) 1.90 (48.3) 2.10 (53.3) 7.0 (175) 10.0 (255)
B
conform to the requirements in Table 1.
S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A
10.1.1 The area or areas on the castings where the hardness
The diameter is the controlling section for the appropriate permanent mold
specification (see Section 9).
is to be determined shall be established by agreement between
B
All dimensions of test bar S shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the
manufacturer and purchaser and shall be shown on the casting
purchaser.
drawing.
10.1.2 Brinell hardness shall be determined in accordance
with Test Method E10. Sufficient surface material shall be
6. Chemical Composition
removed (generally 0.010 to 0.030 in.) to ensure that the
6.1 The chemical composition shall be such as to produce
measured hardness is representative of the basic iron structure.
the mechanical properties required by this specification. As a
10.1.3 Brinell hardness measurements shall be undertaken
reference, typical compositions covering all grades are shown
at room temperature, defined as 50 to 95 °F (10 to 35 °C).
in Table X1.1 in Appendix X1.
11. Dimensional Requirements
6.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser,
chemical composition requirements may be specified.
11.1 The castings shall conform to the dimensions or
drawings furnished by the purchaser, or, if there are no
7. Heat Treatment
drawings, to the dimensions predicted by the pattern equipment
7.1 Although castings may be provided in the as-cast
supplied by the purchaser.
condition, when necessary, heat treatment shall be such as to
produce the mechanical properties required in this standard.
12. Workmanship and Finish
12.1 The surface of the casting shall be inspected visually,
8. Tensile Requirements
particularly in critical areas, for such surface defects as cracks,
8.1 Test bars representing castings conforming to this speci-
hot tears, adhering sand and scale, cold shuts, and gas holes.
fication shall meet the requirements for tensile strength de-
12.2 No repairing by plugging or welding of any kind shall
scribed in Table 1.
be permitted unless written permission is granted by the
9. Cast Test Bars purchaser.
9.1 Test bars shall be separate castings poured from the
13. Number of Tests and Retests
same iron as the castings they represent and shall have
dimensions as shown in Table 2. Allowance may be made for 13.1 The manufacturer shall cast and prepare at least three
reasonable pattern draft within the tolerances shown in Table 2. test bars for each lot of castings intended to conform to this
Test bars A, B, and C are all standard test bars in the form of specification. The manufacturer shall conduct the specified
simple cylinders. Test bar S is special and is intended for use tests unless the manufacturer and purchaser agree that the tests
where the controlling section of the casting is over 2 in. shall be made by another qualified laboratory. Only one bar
A823 − 99 (2019)
Required Features:
1. Material—Permanent molds.
2. Position—Bars vertical.
3. L—See Table 2.
4. D—See Table 2.
FIG. 1 Suitable Design and Dimensions for Mold for Separately Cast Cylindrical Test Bars for Gray Iron
need be tested if the results conform to the property require- 14.2 For test bar B, the tension test specimen B, as shown in
ments of this specification. If any test specimen shows defec- Fig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test
tive or improper machining, or obvious lack of continuity of bar.
metal, it may be discarded and replaced by another specimen
14.3 For test bar C, tension test specimen C, as shown in
from another test bar from the same lot.
Fig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test
13.2 If after testing a test specimen shows evidence of a bar. Unless the size of the tensile test specimen to be machined
defect, the results of the test may be invalidated and another from test bar C is specified in writing by the purchaser, the
made on a specimen from the same lot. decision whether to use tension test specimen B or C shall be
made by the manufacturer of the castings.
13.3 If the results of a valid test fail to conform to the
requirements of this specification, two retests shall be made. If 14.4 For test bar S, the nature and dimensions of the tension
either retest fails to meet the specification requirements, the test specimen shall be determined by agreement between the
castings represented by these test specimens shall be rejected. manufacturer and the purchaser. Test bar S is to be used
A valid test is one wherein the specimen has been properly whenever the controlling section exceeds 2 in.
prepared and appears to be sound and on which the approved
15. Tension Test
test procedure has been followed.
15.1 Tension testing shall be determined in accordance with
13.4 If sufficient separately cast test pieces are not available,
Test Methods E8/E8M.
the manufacturer shall have the option of removing a test
specimen from a location of representative casting, as agreed
15.2 The tension test specimens shall fit the holders of the
upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. testing machine in such a way that the load shall be axial.
13.5 If the first test results indicate that a heat treatment or
15.3 The elapsed time from the beginning of loading in the
an additional heat treatment is needed to meet the test tension test to the instant of fracture shall be not less than 15 s
requirements, the entire lot of castings and the representative
for test specimen A and not less than 20 s for test specimen B
test specimens shall be heat treated or reheat treated together. or C.
Testing shall proceed in accordance with 13.1 – 13.4.
16. Description of a Lot
14. Tension Test Specimens
16.1 The manufacturer may define a lot as any of the
14.1 For test bar A, the tension test specimen A, as shown in following:
Fig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test 16.1.1 A lot size may be established by agreement between
bar. the manufacturer and the purchaser.
A823 − 99 (2019)
Dimensions, in. (mm) Tension Test Specimen A Tension Test Specimen B Tension Test Specimen C
G—Length of parallel, min 0.50 (13) 0.75 (19) 1.25 (32)
D—Diameter 0.500 ± 0.010 (12.7 ± 0.25) 0.750 ± 0.015 (19.1 ± 0.4) 1.25 ± 0.025 (32 ± 0.6)
R—Radius of fillet, min 1 (25) 1 (25) 2 (50)
1 21 17
A—Length of reduced section, min 1 ⁄4 (32) 1 ⁄32 (42) 2 ⁄32 (64)
3 5 3
L—Overall length, min 3 ⁄4 (95) 4 ⁄32 (106) 6 ⁄8 (160)
7 1 7
C—Diameter of end section, approx ⁄8 (22.2) 1 ⁄4 (31.8) 1 ⁄8 (47)
1 1 5
E—Length of shoulder, min ⁄4 (6) ⁄4 (6) ⁄16 (8)
5 1 15 1 7 1
F—Diameter of shoulder ⁄8 ± ⁄64 (16 ± 0.5) ⁄16 ± ⁄64 (25 ± 0.5) 1 ⁄16 ± ⁄64 (36 ± 0.5)
A A A
B—Length of end section
A
Optional to fit holders on testing machine. If threaded, root diameter shall not be less than dimension F.
FIG. 2 Tension Test Specimens
16.1.2 Absent such an agreement as described in 16.1.1, a 19.2 The purchaser reserves the right to perform any of the
lot shall be a group of castings weighing less than 2000 lb inspections set forth in the specification where such inspections
(910 kg) each when the total weight of the group does not are deemed necessary to ensure that supplies and services
exceed 8000 lb (3600 kg) and when poured continuously conform to the prescribed requirements.
within 4 h from the same melt and from consecutive charges of
essentially the same percentages and types of materials.
20. Rejection and Resubmission
20.1 Any castings or lot of castings failing to comply with
17. Special Requirements
the requirements of this specification may, where possible, be
17.1 When agreed upon in writing by the manufacturer and
reprocessed, retested, and reinspected. If the tests and inspec-
the purchaser, it may be necessary for the castings to meet
tions on the reprocessed casting(s) show compliance with this
special requirements as to hardness, chemical composition,
specification, the castings shall be acceptable; if they do not,
microstructure, pr
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A823 − 99 (Reapproved 2012) A823 − 99 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Specification for
Statically Cast Permanent Mold Gray Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers gray iron castings that are statically cast in permanent molds.
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the iron in various locations of the same casting
or between the properties of a casting and those of a test specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of Graphite in Iron Castings
A644 Terminology Relating to Iron Castings
E8E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials [Metric] E0008_E0008M
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
2.2 Federal Standard:
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment
2.3 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions for many terms common to iron castings are found in Terminology A644. A classification of graphite structure
is found in Test Method A247.
4. Classification
4.1 Castings ordered and produced under this specification are classified into a number of grades based on the properties of
separately cast test bars. The test bar shall be selected on the basis of the controlling section size of the casting (see 9.1 and 9.2
and Table 1).
4.2 Castings may be produced in the as cast as-cast state provided the requirements of this standard in Table 1 are met. However,
annealing or normalizing heat treatments are usual and customary and are a basis for classification.
4.3 The grades are designated A for annealed or N for normalized. This is followed by an S or a C to designate a solid or a cored
casting, followed by an A, B, C, or S to designate the test bar to be poured with the castings. Examples of proper designations are
as follows:
Permanent Mold Castings, ASTM Specification A823, Grade N-SB
Permanent Mold Castings, ASTM Specification A823, Grade A-CC
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.01 on Grey and White Iron
Castings.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2012November 2019. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20082012
as A823 – 99 (2012). (2008). DOI: 10.1520/A0823-99R12.10.1520/A0823-99R19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://www.dodssp.daps.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A823 − 99 (2019)
TABLE 1 Permanent Mold Gray Iron Specifications
Tensile Strength, min,
Grade BHN
A
ksi (MPa)
Uncored—Annealed
A-SA 30 000 (207) 163–207
A-SB 25 000 (172) 163–207
A-SC 20 000 (138) 163–207
A-SS 18 000 (124) 143–207
Cored—Annealed
A-CA 30 000 (207) 143–207
A-CB 25 000 (172) 143–207
A-CC 20 000 (138) 143–207
Uncored—Normalized
N-SA 30 000 (207) 170–229
N-SB 25 000 (172) 170–229
N-SC 20 000 (138) 170–229
N-SS 18 000 (124) 149–229
Cored—Normalized
N-CA 30 000 (207) 170–229
N-CB 25 000 (172) 149–229
N-CC 20 000 (138) 149–229
A
Refer to Fig. X1.1 for the relationship between tensile strength and section size.
5. Ordering Information
5.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the following information:
5.1.1 ASTM designation number and year of issue.
5.1.2 Grade of iron required (see Section 4 and Table 1).
5.1.3 The size of the separately cast test bar (letter classification A, B, C, or S) which best represents the thickness of the
controlling section of the casting (see 4.1 and Table 2).
5.1.4 Location for Brinell Hardness determination (see 10.1.1).
5.1.5 Lot size (see Section 16).
5.1.6 Special requirements (see Section 17).
5.1.7 Special preparation for delivery (see Section 22).
5.1.8 Saving tested specimens or unbroken test bars (see 19.1.1).
6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The chemical composition shall be such as to produce the mechanical properties required by this specification. As a
reference, typical compositions covering all grades are shown in Table X1.1 in Appendix X1.
6.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser, chemical composition requirements may be specified.
7. Heat Treatment
7.1 Although castings may be provided in the as cast as-cast condition, when necessary, heat treatment shall be such as to
produce the mechanical properties required in this standard.
TABLE 2 Diameters and Lengths of Cast Test Bars
A
As-Cast Diameter, in. (mm) Length, in. (mm)
Test
NominalNominal Minimum Maximum MinimumMaximumMaximum
Bar
(Mid-Length) (Bottom) (Top)(Top) (Specified) (Recommended)
A 0.88 (22.4) 0.85 (21.6) 0.96 (24.4) 5.0 (125) 6.0 (150)
A 0.88 (22.4) 0.85 (21.6) 0.96 (24.4) 5.0 (125) 6.0 (150)
B 1.20 (30.5) 1.14 (29.0) 1.32 (33.5) 6.0 (150) 9.0 (230)
B 1.20 (30.5) 1.14 (29.0) 1.32 (33.5) 6.0 (150) 9.0 (230)
C 2.00 (50.8) 1.90 (48.3) 2.10 (53.3) 7.0 (175) 10.0 (255)
B
S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B
S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A
The diameter is the controlling section for the appropriate permanent mold
specification (see Section 9).
B
All dimensions of test bar S shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the
purchaser.
A823 − 99 (2019)
8. Tensile Requirements
8.1 Test bars representing castings conforming to this specification shall meet the requirements for tensile strength described
in Table 1.
9. Cast Test Bars
9.1 Test bars shall be separate castings poured from the same iron as the castings they represent and shall have dimensions as
shown in Table 2. Allowance may be made for reasonable pattern draft within the tolerances shown in Table 2. Test bars A, B, and
C are all standard test bars in the form of simple cylinders. Test bar S is special and is intended for use where the controlling section
of the casting is over 2 in.
9.2 The test bar selected shall be based on the controlling section size of the casting. This shall be determined by the dimensions
of the largest cylinder that will fit into the controlling section of the casting with the additional requirement that the height of the
cylinder must be at least equal to its diameter.
9.3 The test bars shall be cast in a permanent mold. The mold shall be of similar material, design, and construction as that used
to make the production castings. The test bar permanent mold shall be preheated with three consecutive pours, after which, starting
with the fourth pour, the bars can be used for the tension test. A suitable design for a mold is shown in Fig. 1.
9.4 By specific agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser, test bars removed from the castings may be substituted
for separately cast test bars. The location from which the bars are taken shall be as agreed between the parties and indicated on
the casting drawing or data base equivalent.
9.5 Where test specimens are to represent heat treated heat-treated castings, they shall accompany the castings in the same heat
treat lot(s), or by agreement, be subjected to the same thermal cycle that the castings undergo.
10. Hardness Requirements
10.1 Brinell hardness readings taken on the castings shall conform to the requirements in Table 1.
10.1.1 The area or areas on the castings where the hardness is to be determined shall be established by agreement between
manufacturer and purchaser and shall be shown on the casting drawing.
10.1.2 Brinell hardness shall be determined in accordance with Test Method E10. Sufficient surface material shall be removed
(generally 0.010 to 0.030 in.) to ensure that the measured hardness is representative of the basic iron structure.
10.1.3 Brinell hardness measurements shall be undertaken at room temperature, defined as 50–95 °F (10–35 °C).50 to 95 °F (10
to 35 °C).
Required Features:
1. Material—Permanent molds.
2. Position—Bars vertical.
3. L—See Table 2.
4. D—See Table 2.
FIG. 1 Suitable Design and Dimensions for Mold for Separately Cast Cylindrical Test Bars for Gray Iron
A823 − 99 (2019)
11. Dimensional Requirements
11.1 The castings shall conform to the dimensions or drawings furnished by the purchaser, or, if there are no drawings, to the
dimensions predicted by the pattern equipment supplied by the purchaser.
12. Workmanship and Finish
12.1 The surface of the casting shall be inspected visually, particularly in critical areas, for such surface defects as cracks, hot
tears, adhering sand and scale, cold shuts, and gas holes.
12.2 No repairing by plugging or welding of any kind shall be permitted unless written permission is granted by the purchaser.
13. Number of Tests and Retests
13.1 The manufacturer shall cast and prepare at least three test bars for each lot of castings intended to conform to this
specification. The manufacturer shall conduct the specified tests unless the manufacturer and purchaser agree that the tests shall
be made by another qualified laboratory. Only one bar need be tested if the results conform to the property requirements of this
specification. If any test specimen shows defective or improper machining, or obvious lack of continuity of metal, it may be
discarded and replaced by another specimen from another test bar from the same lot.
13.2 If after testing,testing a test specimen shows evidence of a defect, the results of the test may be invalidated and another
made on a specimen from the same lot.
13.3 If the results of a valid test fail to conform to the requirements of this specification, two retests shall be made. If either
retest fails to meet the specification requirements, the castings represented by these test specimens shall be rejected. A valid test
is one wherein the specimen has been properly prepared and appears to be sound and on which the approved test procedure has
been followed.
13.4 If sufficient separately cast test pieces are not available, the manufacturer shall have the option of removing a test specimen
from a location of representative casting, as agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser.
13.5 If the first test results indicate that a heat treatment or an additional heat treatment is needed to meet the test requirements,
the entire lot of castings and the representative test specimens shall be heat treated or reheat treated together. Testing shall proceed
in accordance with 13.113.1 – 13.4,13.2,13.3, and 13.4.
14. Tension Test Specimens
14.1 For test bar A, the tension test specimen A, as shown in Fig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test bar.
14.2 For test bar B, the tension test specimen B, as shown in Fig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test bar.
14.3 For test bar C, tension test specimen C, as shown in Fig. 2, shall be machined concentric with the axis of the test bar. Unless
the size of the tensile test specimen to be machined from test bar C is specified in writing by the purchaser, the decision whether
to use tension test specimen B or C shall be made by the manufacturer of the castings.
14.4 For test bar S, the nature and dimensions of the tension test specimen shall be determined by agreement between the
manufacturer and the purchaser. Test bar S is to be used whenever the controlling section exceeds 2 in.
15. Tension Test
15.1 Tension testing shall be determined in accordance with Test Methods E8E8/E8M.
15.2 The tension test specimens shall fit the holders of the testing machine in such a way that the load shall be axial.
15.3 The elapsed time from the beginning of loading in the tension test to the instant of fracture shall be not less than 15 s 15 s
for test specimen A and not less than 20 s for test specimensspecimen B or C.
16. Description of a Lot
16.1 The manufacturer may define a lot as any of the following:
16.1.1 A lot size may be established by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
16.1.2 Absent such an agreement as described in 16.1.1, a lot shall be a group of castings weighing less than 2000 lb (910 kg)
(910 kg) each when the total weight of the group does not exceed 8000 lb (3600 kg) and when poured continuously within 4 h
from the same melt and from consecutive charges of essentially the same percentages and types of materials.
17. Special Requirements
17.1 When agreed upon in writing by the manufacturer and the purchaser, it may be necessary for the castings to meet special
requirements as to hardness, chemical composition, microstructure, pressure tightness, radiographic soundness, dimensions,
surface finish, etc.
A823 − 99 (2019)
Tension Tension Tension
Dimensions, in. (mm) Test Specimen A Test Specimen B Test Specimen C
Dimensions, in. (mm) Tension Test Specimen A Tension Test Specimen B Tension Test Specimen C
G—Length of parallel, min 0.50 (13) 0.75 (19) 1.25 (32)
D—Diameter 0.500 ± 0.010 (12.7 ± 0.25) 0.750 ± 0.015 (19.1 ± 0.4) 1.25 ± 0.025 (32 ± 0.6)
(12.7 ± 0.25) (19.1 x± 0.4) (32 ± 0.6)
R—Radius of fillet, min 1 (25) 1 (25) 2 (50)
1 21 17
A—Length of reduced section, min 1 ⁄4 (32) 1 ⁄32 (42) 2 ⁄32 (64)
3 5 3
L—Overall length, min 3 ⁄4 (95) 4 ⁄32 (106) 6 ⁄8 (160)
7 1 7
C—Diameter of end section, approx ⁄8 (22.2) 1 ⁄4 (31.8) 1 ⁄8 (47)
1 1 5
E—L
...
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