ASTM D8178-19
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Recovered Carbon Black (rCB)
Standard Terminology Relating to Recovered Carbon Black (rCB)
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the recovered carbon black industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8178 − 19
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Recovered Carbon Black (rCB)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8178; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
DISCUSSION—The primary type of carbon black used in production of
1. Scope
rubber compound, especially used in tires and other black rubber
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of
articles.
technical terms used in the recovered carbon black industry.
carbon black, thermal, n—a type of carbon black produced
Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in
under controlled conditions by the thermal decomposition of
other readily available sources are not included.
gaseous hydrocarbons in the absence of air or flames.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
DISCUSSION—This carbon black lacks significant aciniform morphol-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ogy and as such is used primarily in non-tire applications. Use of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
non-tire rubber feedstock may result in the recovery of this carbon
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
black type.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
char, n—solid carbonaceous residue formed during carboniza-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tion of organic compounds.
2. Referenced Documents
fines, n—that portion of pelletized recovered carbon black that
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
passes through a specified sieve under standard conditions.
D1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines and
DISCUSSION—See Test Method D1508.
Attrition
heating loss, n—mass loss, in percent, when recovered carbon
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
black is heated at 125°C for 1 h; the heating loss is primarily
attributed to moisture content.
3. Terminology
DISCUSSION—See Test Method D1509.
3.1 Definitions:
raw rCB, n—solid material resulting from thermal decompo-
aciniform, adj—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
sition of rubber goods which contain carbon black; exhibit-
DISCUSSION—The original spheroidal primary particles of carbon
ing poor dispersion so requiring milling to become rCB.
black fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an acini-
form morphology. Recovered carbon blacks retain these aciniform
recovered carbon black (rCB), n—solid product recovered
aggregate structures.
via thermal decomposition from rubber goods which contain
carbon black, furnace, n—atypeofcarbonblackproducedby carbon black, which is free of wire and fabric, and when
the decomposition reaction of primarily liquid hydrocarbons milled typically gives semi-reinforcing properties in rubber.
DISCUSSION—A type of filler derived from post-consumer rubber
when injected into a high-velocity stream of combustion
goods (feedstock) via a variety of thermal decomposition processes.
gases under controlled conditions.
This semi-reinforcing filler predominantly consisting of carbon, also
containing inorganic compounding ingredients originating from the
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D36 on
feedstock but is free of wire and fabric. This material, typically
Recovered Carbon Black (rCB) and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
pelletized currently marketed under the name recovered carbon black
D36.30 on Nomenclature.
(rCB), should not be confused with “Raw rCB” which exhibits poor
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally
dispersion and minimal reinforcing properties when used in rubber
ε1
approved in 2018. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D8178 – 18 . DOI:
compounding.
10.1520/D8178-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
recovered carbon black pellet, n—a relatively large agglom-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
erate mass that has been densified in spheroidal form to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. facilitate handling and processing.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8178 − 19
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. EXISTING STANDARDS RECOGNIZED BY COMMITTEE D36
X1.1 The following is a list of existing standards that are D2663 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Dispersion in
currently available for use in the industry. These standards are
Rubber
maintained by ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon Black; D
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D8178 − 18 D8178 − 19
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Recovered Carbon Black (rCB)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8178; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Section X1.2 editorially updated in September 2019.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the recovered carbon black industry. Terms
that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines and Attrition
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
aciniform, adj—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
DISCUSSION—
The original spheroidal primary particles of carbon black fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an aciniform morphology. Recovered
carbon blacks retain these aciniform aggregate structures.
carbon black, furnace, n—a type of carbon black produced by the decomposition reaction of primarily liquid hydrocarbons when
injected into a high-velocity stream of combustion gases under controlled conditions.
DISCUSSION—
The primary type of carbon black used in production of rubber compound, especially used in tires and other black rubber articles.
carbon black, thermal, n—a type of carbon black produced under controlled conditions by the thermal decomposition of gaseous
hydrocarbons in the absence of air or flames.
DISCUSSION—
This carbon black lacks significant aciniform morphology and as such is used primarily in non-tire applications. Use of non-tire rubber feedstock may
result in the recovery of this carbon black type.
char, n—solid carbonaceous residue formed during carbonization of organic compounds.
fines, n—that portion of pelletized recovered carbon black that passes through a specified sieve under standard conditions.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D36 on Recovered Carbon Black (rCB) and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D36.30 on
Nomenclature.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018Nov. 1, 2019. Published January 2019November 2019. Originally approved in 2018. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as
ε1
D8178 – 18 . DOI: 10.1520/D8178-18E01.10.1520/D8178-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8178 − 19
DISCUSSION—
See Test Method D1508.
heating loss, n—mass loss, in percent, when recovered carbon black is heated at 125°C for 1 h; the heating loss is primarily
attributed to moisture content.
DISCUSSION—
See Test Method D1509.
raw rCB, n—solid material resulting from thermal decomposition of rubber goods which contain carbon black; exhibiting poor
dispersion so requiring milling to become rCB.
recovered carbon black (rCB), n—solid product recovered via thermal decomposition from rubber goods which contain carbon
black, which is free of wire and fabric, and when milled typically gives semi-reinforcing properties in rubber.
DISCUSSION—
A type of filler derived from post-consumer rubber goods (feedstock) via a variety of thermal decomposition processes. This semi-reinforcing filler
predominantly consisting of carbon, also containing inorganic compounding ingredients originating from the feedstock but is free of wire and fabric.
This material, typically pelletized currently marketed under the name recovered carbon black (rCB), should not be confused with “Raw rCB” which
exhibits poor dispersion and minimal reinforcing properties when used in rubber compounding.
recovered carbon black pellet, n—a relatively large agglomerate mass that has
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.