ASTM E1191-03a(2008)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Conducting Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests with Saltwater Mysids
Standard Guide for Conducting Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests with Saltwater Mysids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Protection of a species requires prevention of unacceptable effects on the number, weight, health, and uses of the individuals of that species. A life-cycle toxicity test is conducted to determine what changes in the numbers and weights of individuals of the test species result from effects of the test material on survival, growth, and reproduction. Information might also be obtained on effects of the material on the health and uses of the species.
Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be used to predict long-term effects likely to occur on mysids in field situations as a result of exposure under comparable conditions.
Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be used to compare the chronic sensitivities of different species and the chronic toxicities of different materials, and also to study the effects of various environmental factors on results of such tests.
Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be an important consideration when assessing the hazards of materials to aquatic organisms (see Guide E 1023) or when deriving water quality criteria for aquatic organisms (1).3
Results of a life-cycle test with mysids might be useful for predicting the results of chronic tests on the same test material with the same species in another water or with another species in the same or a different water (2). Most such predictions take into account results of acute toxicity tests, and so the usefulness of the results from a life-cycle test with mysids is greatly increased by also reporting the results of an acute toxicity test (see Guide E 729) conducted under the same conditions.
Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be useful for studying the biological availability of, and structure-activity relationships between, test materials.
Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be useful for predicting population effects on the same species in another water or with another species in the same or a different water (3).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the adverse effects of a test material added to dilution water, but not to food, on certain species of saltwater mysids during continuous exposure from immediately after birth until after the beginning of reproduction using the flow-through technique. These procedures will probably be useful for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests with other species of mysids, although modifications might be necessary.
1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to results of many other tests. Comparison of results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information on new concepts and procedures for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests with saltwater mysids.
1.3 These procedures are applicable to all chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, or known mixtures, that can be measured accurately at the necessary concentrations in water. With appropriate modifications, these procedures can be used to conduct tests on temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH and on such materials as aqueous effluents (see also Guide E 1192), leachates, oils, particulate matter, sediments, and surface waters.
1.4 This guide is arranged as follows:
Section Referenced Documents2 Terminology3 Summary of Guide4 Significance and Use5 Hazards7 Apparatus6 Facilities6.1 Construction Materials6.2 Metering System6.3 Test Chambers6.4 Cleaning6.5 Acceptability6.6 Dilution Water8 Requirements8.1 Source8.2 Treatment8.3 Characterization8.4 Test Material9 General9.1 Stock Solution9.2 Test Concentration(s)9.3 Test Organisms10 Species10.1 Age10.2 Source10.3 Brood Stock10.4 Food10.5 Handling10.6...
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Designation: E1191 − 03a(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Guide for
Conducting Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests with Saltwater Mysids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Cleaning 6.5
Acceptability 6.6
1.1 Thisguidedescribesproceduresforobtaininglaboratory
Dilution Water 8
data concerning the adverse effects of a test material added to Requirements 8.1
Source 8.2
dilution water, but not to food, on certain species of saltwater
Treatment 8.3
mysids during continuous exposure from immediately after
Characterization 8.4
birth until after the beginning of reproduction using the Test Material 9
General 9.1
flow-through technique. These procedures will probably be
Stock Solution 9.2
usefulforconductinglife-cycletoxicitytestswithotherspecies
Test Concentration(s) 9.3
Test Organisms 10
of mysids, although modifications might be necessary.
Species 10.1
1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justi-
Age 10.2
Source 10.3
fied by special needs or circumstances.Although using appro-
Brood Stock 10.4
priate procedures is more important than following prescribed
Food 10.5
procedures,resultsoftestsconductedusingunusualprocedures
Handling 10.6
Harvesting Young 10.7
are not likely to be comparable to results of many other tests.
Quality 10.8
Comparisonofresultsobtainedusingmodifiedandunmodified
Procedure 11
versions of these procedures might provide useful information
Experimental Design 11.1
Dissolved Oxygen 11.2
on new concepts and procedures for conducting life-cycle
Temperature 11.3
toxicity tests with saltwater mysids.
Beginning the Test 11.4
Feeding 11.5
1.3 These procedures are applicable to all chemicals, either
Cleaning 11.6
individually or in formulations, commercial products, or
Duration of Test 11.7
Biological Data 11.8
known mixtures, that can be measured accurately at the
Other Measurements 11.9
necessary concentrations in water. With appropriate
Analytical Methodology 12
modifications,theseprocedurescanbeusedtoconducttestson
Acceptability of Test 13
Calculation 14
temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH and on such materials
Documentation 15
as aqueous effluents (see also Guide E1192), leachates, oils,
Keywords 16
particulate matter, sediments, and surface waters.
Appendix
X1. Statistical Guidance
1.4 This guide is arranged as follows:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Section
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Referenced Documents 2 responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Terminology 3
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Summary of Guide 4
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
Significance and Use 5
Hazards 7 statements are given in Section 7.
Apparatus 6
Facilities 6.1
2. Referenced Documents
Construction Materials 6.2
Metering System 6.3 2.1 ASTM Standards:
Test Chambers 6.4
E729Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test
Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphib-
ians
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental
Assessment,RiskManagementandCorrectiveActionandisthedirectresponsibility
of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E1191–03a. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1191-03AR08. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1191 − 03a (2008)
E943Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi- 5. Significance and Use
ronmental Fate
5.1 Protection of a species requires prevention of unaccept-
E1023Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material to
able effects on the number, weight, health, and uses of the
Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses
individuals of that species. A life-cycle toxicity test is con-
E1192Guide for ConductingAcute Toxicity Tests onAque-
ducted to determine what changes in the numbers and weights
ous Ambient Samples and Effluents with Fishes,
of individuals of the test species result from effects of the test
Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians
material on survival, growth, and reproduction. Information
E1203Practice for Using Brine Shrimp Nauplii as Food for
might also be obtained on effects of the material on the health
Test Animals in Aquatic Toxicology (Withdrawn 2013)
and uses of the species.
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Use of
5.2 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be used to
theInternationalSystemofUnits(SI):TheModernMetric
predict long-term effects likely to occur on mysids in field
System
situationsasaresultofexposureundercomparableconditions.
3. Terminology
5.3 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be used to
compare the chronic sensitivities of different species and the
3.1 Thewords“must,”“should,”“may,”“can,”and“might”
chronic toxicities of different materials, and also to study the
have very specific meanings in this guide.
effectsofvariousenvironmentalfactorsonresultsofsuchtests.
3.1.1 “Must” is used to express an absolute requirement,
that is, to state that the test ought to be designed to satisfy the
5.4 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be an
specified condition, unless the purpose of the test requires a
important consideration when assessing the hazards of materi-
differentdesign.“Must”isonlyusedinconnectionwithfactors
als to aquatic organisms (see Guide E1023) or when deriving
that directly relate to the acceptability of the test (see 13.1).
water quality criteria for aquatic organisms (1).
3.1.2 “Should”isusedtostatethatthespecifiedconditionis
5.5 Results of a life-cycle test with mysids might be useful
recommended and ought to be met if possible. Although
for predicting the results of chronic tests on the same test
violationofone“should”israrelyaseriousmatter,violationof
materialwiththesamespeciesinanotherwaterorwithanother
several will often render the results questionable. Terms such
species in the same or a different water (2). Most such
as“isdesirable,”“isoftendesirable,”and“mightbedesirable”
predictionstakeintoaccountresultsofacutetoxicitytests,and
are used in connection with less important factors.
so the usefulness of the results from a life-cycle test with
3.1.3 “May” is used to mean “is (are) allowed to,” “can” is
mysids is greatly increased by also reporting the results of an
used to mean “is (are) able to,” and “might” is used to mean
acute toxicity test (see Guide E729) conducted under the same
“could possibly.” Therefore, the classic distinction between
conditions.
may and can is preserved, and might is never used as a
5.6 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be useful
synonym for either may or can.
for studying the biological availability of, and structure-
3.2 Fordefinitionsofothertermsusedinthisguide,referto
activity relationships between, test materials.
Guide E729, Terminology E943, and Guide E1023. For an
5.7 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be useful
explanation of units and symbols, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI 10.
forpredictingpopulationeffectsonthesamespeciesinanother
water or with another species in the same or a different water
4. Summary of Guide
(3).
4.1 In each of two or more treatments, saltwater mysids of
one species are maintained in two or more test chambers from
6. Apparatus
immediately after birth until after the beginning of reproduc-
6.1 Facilities—Flow-through or recirculating brood-stock
tion in a flow-through system. In each of the one or more
tanks and flow-through, but not recirculating, test chambers
controltreatments,themysidsaremaintainedindilutionwater,
should be maintained in constant-temperature areas or recircu-
to which no test material has been added, in order to provide
lating water baths.An elevated headbox might be desirable so
(1) a measure of the acceptability of the test by giving an
dilutionwatercanbegravity-fedintobrood-stocktanksandthe
indicationofthequalityofthemysidsandthesuitabilityofthe
metering system (see 6.3), which mixes and delivers test
dilution water, food, test conditions, and handling procedures
solutionstothetestchambers.Strainersandairtrapsshouldbe
and (2) the basis for interpreting data obtained from the other
included in the water supply system. Headboxes and brood-
treatments. In each of the one or more other treatments, the
stock tanks should be equipped for temperature control and
mysids are maintained in dilution water to which a selected
aeration (see 8.3). Air used for aeration should be free of
concentrationoftestmaterialhasbeenadded.Specifieddataon
fumes, oil, and water; filters to remove oil and water are
theconcentrationoftestmaterial,andthesurvival,growth,and
desirable. Filtration of air through a 0.22-µm bacterial filter
reproduction of the mysids are obtained and analyzed to
might be desirable. The facility should be well ventilated and
determine the effect(s) of the test material on survival, growth,
free of fumes. To further reduce the possibility of contamina-
and reproduction of the test organisms.
tion by test materials and other substances, especially volatile
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
www.astm.org. this guide.
E1191 − 03a (2008)
ones, the brood-stock tanks should not be in a room in which afternoon, throughout the test. The metering system should be
toxicitytestsareconducted,stocksolutionsortestsolutionsare adjusted during the test if necessary and any malfunction or
prepared, or equipment is cleaned. During culture and testing, adjustment should be noted in the study records.
organisms should be shielded from disturbances with curtains
6.3.3 The flow rate through each test chamber should be at
or partitions to prevent unnecessary stress. A timing device
least five volume additions per 24 h. It is usually desirable to
should be used to provide either a 14-h light and 10-h dark or
construct the metering system to provide at least ten volume
a 16-h light and 8-h dark photoperiod. A 15 to 30-min
additionsper24hincasethereisrapidlossoftestmaterialdue
transition period (8) should be provided whenever lights go on
to microbial degradation, hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis,
or off to reduce the possibility of mysids being stressed by
reduction, sorption, or volatilization (see 11.4.2). At any
instantaneous changes in light intensity. In the natural
particular time during the test, the flow rates through any two
environment, the normal vertical migration of mysids allows
test chambers should not differ by more than 10%. Flow rates
gradual acclimation to light intensity. Under artificial labora-
through all test chambers may be equally changed simultane-
tory conditions, some mysids exhibit an escape response to
ously during the test as long as the test temperature (see 11.3)
sudden increases or decreases in light intensity resulting in
and the concentrations of dissolved oxygen and test material
jumping and impingement on the sides of test chambers or
(see 11.4.1 and 11.9.3) remain acceptable (see 11.3, 11.9, and
compartments.
13).
6.2 Construction Materials—Equipment and facilities that
6.4 Test Chambers:
contact stock solutions, test solutions, or any water into which
6.4.1 Inatoxicitytestwithaquaticorganisms,testchambers
mysidswillbeplacedshouldnotcontainsubstancesthatcanbe
are defined as the smallest physical units between which there
leached or dissolved by aqueous solutions in amounts that
are no water connections. However, screens and cups may be
adversely affect mysids. In addition, equipment and facilities
usedtocreatetwoormorecompartmentswithineachchamber.
that contact stock solutions or test solutions should be chosen
Therefore, test solution can flow from one compartment to
to minimize sorption of test materials from water. Glass, Type
another within a test chamber, but, by definition, cannot flow
316 stainless steel, nylon, Teflon, and fluorocarbon plastics
from one chamber to another. Because solution can flow from
should be used whenever possible to minimize dissolution,
one compartment to another in the same test chamber, the
leaching, and sorption. Stainless steel should not be used for
temperature, concentration of test material, and levels of
tests on metals. Concrete and rigid plastics may be used for
pathogens and extraneous contaminants are likely to be more
brood-stock tanks and in the water supply, but they should be
similar between compartments in the same test chamber than
soaked, preferably in flowing dilution water, for a week or
between compartments in different test chambers in the same
morebeforeuse (9).Castironpipeshouldnotbeusedwithsalt
treatment.Chambersshouldbecoveredtokeepoutextraneous
water. Specially designed systems are usually necessary to
contaminantsandtoreduceevaporationoftestsolutionandtest
obtainsaltwaterfromanaturalwatersource(seeGuideE729).
material. All chambers and compartments in a test must be
Brass, copper, lead, galvanized metal, and natural rubber
identical.
should not contact dilution water, stock solutions, or test
6.4.2 Testchambersmaybeconstructedbywelding,butnot
solutions before or during the test. Items made of neoprene
soldering, stainless steel or by gluing double-strength or
rubber or other materials not mentioned previously should not
stronger window glass with clear silicone adhesive. Stoppers
be used unless it has been shown that their use will not
and silicone adhesive sorb some organochlorine and organo-
adversely affect either survival, growth, or reproduction of
phosphoruspesticidesthataredifficulttoremove.Therefore,as
mysids (see 13.1.9 and 13.1.10).
few stoppers and as little adhesive as possible should be in
contactwithtestsolution.Ifextrabeadsofadhesiveareneeded
6.3 Metering System:
6.3.1 The metering system should be designed to accom- for strength, they should be on the outside of chambers rather
than on the inside.
modate the type and concentration(s) of test material and the
necessary flow rates of test solutions. The system should
6.4.3 Mysids should be exposed in compartments that are
permit the mixing of the test material with dilution water pl
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1191–03 Designation:E1191–03a (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Guide for
Conducting Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests with Saltwater Mysids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the adverse effects of a test material added to
dilutionwater,butnottofood,oncertainspeciesofsaltwatermysidsduringcontinuousexposurefromimmediatelyafterbirthuntil
after the beginning of reproduction using the flow-through technique. These procedures will probably be useful for conducting
life-cycle toxicity tests with other species of mysids, although modifications might be necessary.
1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances.Although using appropriate
procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not
likely to be comparable to results of many other tests. Comparison of results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of
these procedures might provide useful information on new concepts and procedures for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests with
saltwater mysids.
1.3 These procedures are applicable to all chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, or known
mixtures, that can be measured accurately at the necessary concentrations in water. With appropriate modifications, these
procedurescanbeusedtoconducttestsontemperature,dissolvedoxygen,andpHandonsuchmaterialsasaqueouseffluents(see
also Guide E1192), leachates, oils, particulate matter, sediments, and surface waters.
1.4 This guide is arranged as follows:
Section
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
Summary of Guide 4
Significance and Use 5
Hazards 7
Apparatus 6
Facilities 6.1
Construction Materials 6.2
Metering System 6.3
Test Chambers 6.4
Cleaning 6.5
Acceptability 6.6
Dilution Water 8
Requirements 8.1
Source 8.2
Treatment 8.3
Characterization 8.4
Test Material 9
General 9.1
Stock Solution 9.2
Test Concentration(s) 9.3
Test Organisms 10
Species 10.1
Age 10.2
Source 10.3
Brood Stock 10.4
Food 10.5
Handling 10.6
Harvesting Young 10.7
Quality 10.8
Procedure 11
Experimental Design 11.1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E47.01 on
Aquatic Assessment and Toxicology.
Current edition approved August 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as E1191–97.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E1191–03a.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1191–03a (2008)
Dissolved Oxygen 11.2
Temperature 11.3
Beginning the Test 11.4
Feeding 11.5
Cleaning 11.6
Duration of Test 11.7
Biological Data 11.8
Other Measurements 11.9
Analytical Methodology 12
Acceptability of Test 13
Calculation 14
Documentation 15
Keywords 16
Appendix
X1. Statistical Guidance
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E380Practice for Use of the International System of Units (SI) (the Modernized Metric System) ASTM Standards:
E729 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians
E943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Environmental Fate
E1023 Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material to Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses
E1192 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Aqueous Ambient Samples and Effluents with Fishes, Macroinverte-
brates, and Amphibians
E1203Practice for Using Brine Shrimp Nauplii as Food for Test Animals in Aquatic Toxicology Practice for Using Brine
Shrimp Nauplii as Food for Test Animals in Aquatic Toxicology
IEEE/ASTMSI10 AmericanNationalStandardforUseoftheInternationalSystemofUnits(SI):TheModernMetricSystem
3. Terminology
3.1 The words “must,” “should,”“ may,” “can,” and “might” have very specific meanings in this guide.
3.1.1 “Must”isusedtoexpressanabsoluterequirement,thatis,tostatethatthetestoughttobedesignedtosatisfythespecified
condition, unless the purpose of the test requires a different design. “Must” is only used in connection with factors that directly
relate to the acceptability of the test (see 13.1).
3.1.2 “Should” is used to state that the specified condition is recommended and ought to be met if possible.Although violation
of one “should” is rarely a serious matter, violation of several will often render the results questionable. Terms such as “is
desirable,” “is often desirable,” and “might be desirable” are used in connection with less important factors.
3.1.3 “May”isusedtomean“is(are)allowedto,”“can”isusedtomean“is(are)ableto,”and“might”isusedtomean“could
possibly.” Therefore, the classic distinction between may and can is preserved, and might is never used as a synonym for either
may or can.
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this guide, refer to Guide E729, Terminology E943, and Guide E1023. For an
explanation of units and symbols, refer to Practice E380IEEE/ASTM SI 10.
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 In each of two or more treatments, saltwater mysids of one species are maintained in two or more test chambers from
immediately after birth until after the beginning of reproduction in a flow-through system. In each of the one or more control
treatments,themysidsaremaintainedindilutionwater,towhichnotestmaterialhasbeenadded,inordertoprovide(1)ameasure
of the acceptability of the test by giving an indication of the quality of the mysids and the suitability of the dilution water, food,
test conditions, and handling procedures and (2) the basis for interpreting data obtained from the other treatments. In each of the
one or more other treatments, the mysids are maintained in dilution water to which a selected concentration of test material has
been added. Specified data on the concentration of test material, and the survival, growth, and reproduction of the mysids are
obtained and analyzed to determine the effect(s) of the test material on survival, growth, and reproduction of the test organisms.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Protectionofaspeciesrequirespreventionofunacceptableeffectsonthenumber,weight,health,andusesoftheindividuals
of that species.Alife-cycle toxicity test is conducted to determine what changes in the numbers and weights of individuals of the
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 14.02.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
E1191–03a (2008)
test species result from effects of the test material on survival, growth, and reproduction. Information might also be obtained on
effects of the material on the health and uses of the species.
5.2 Resultsoflife-cycletestswithmysidsmightbeusedtopredictlong-termeffectslikelytooccuronmysidsinfieldsituations
as a result of exposure under comparable conditions.
5.3 Resultsoflife-cycletestswithmysidsmightbeusedtocomparethechronicsensitivitiesofdifferentspeciesandthechronic
toxicities of different materials, and also to study the effects of various environmental factors on results of such tests.
5.4 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be an important consideration when assessing the hazards of materials to
aquatic organisms (see Guide E1023) or when deriving water quality criteria for aquatic organisms (1) .
5.5 Results of a life-cycle test with mysids might be useful for predicting the results of chronic tests on the same test material
withthesamespeciesinanotherwaterorwithanotherspeciesinthesameoradifferentwater (2).Mostsuchpredictionstakeinto
account results of acute toxicity tests, and so the usefulness of the results from a life-cycle test with mysids is greatly increased
by also reporting the results of an acute toxicity test (see Guide E729) conducted under the same conditions.
5.6 Results of life-cycle tests with mysids might be useful for studying the biological availability of, and structure-activity
relationships between, test materials.
5.7 Resultsoflife-cycletestswithmysidsmightbeusefulforpredictingpopulationeffectsonthesamespeciesinanotherwater
or with another species in the same or a different water (3).
6. Apparatus
6.1 Facilities—Flow-through or recirculating brood-stock tanks and flow-through, but not recirculating, test chambers should
bemaintainedinconstant-temperatureareasorrecirculatingwaterbaths.Anelevatedheadboxmightbedesirablesodilutionwater
can be gravity-fed into brood-stock tanks and the metering system (see 6.3), which mixes and delivers test solutions to the test
chambers. Strainers and air traps should be included in the water supply system. Headboxes and brood-stock tanks should be
equipped for temperature control and aeration (see 8.3). Air used for aeration should be free of fumes, oil, and water; filters to
remove oil and water are desirable. Filtration of air through a 0.22-µm bacterial filter might be desirable. The facility should be
well ventilated and free of fumes. To further reduce the possibility of contamination by test materials and other substances,
especially volatile ones, the brood-stock tanks should not be in a room in which toxicity tests are conducted, stock solutions or
test solutions are prepared, or equipment is cleaned. During culture and testing, organisms should be shielded from disturbances
with curtains or partitions to prevent unnecessary stress.Atiming device should be used to provide either a 14-h light and 10-h
dark or a 16-h light and 8-h dark photoperiod.A15 to 30-min transition period (8) should be provided whenever lights go on or
off to reduce the possibility of mysids being stressed by instantaneous changes in light intensity. In the natural environment, the
normal vertical migration of mysids allows gradual acclimation to light intensity. Under artificial laboratory conditions, some
mysidsexhibitanescaperesponsetosuddenincreasesordecreasesinlightintensityresultinginjumpingandimpingementonthe
sides of test chambers or compartments.
6.2 Construction Materials—Equipment and facilities that contact stock solutions, test solutions, or any water into which
mysids will be placed should not contain substances that can be leached or dissolved by aqueous solutions in amounts that
adversely affect mysids. In addition, equipment and facilities that contact stock solutions or test solutions should be chosen to
minimize sorption of test materials from water. Glass,Type 316 stainless steel, nylon,Teflon, and fluorocarbon plastics should be
used whenever possible to minimize dissolution, leaching, and sorption. Stainless steel should not be used for tests on metals.
Concrete and rigid plastics may be used for brood-stock tanks and in the water supply, but they should be soaked, preferably in
flowing dilution water, for a week or more before use (9). Cast iron pipe should not be used with salt water. Specially designed
systems are usually necessary to obtain salt water from a natural water source (see Guide E729). Brass, copper, lead, galvanized
metal, and natural rubber should not contact dilution water, stock solutions, or test solutions before or during the test. Items made
of neoprene rubber or other materials not mentioned previously should not be used unless it has been shown that their use will
not adversely affect either survival, growth, or reproduction of mysids (see 13.1.9 and 13.1.10).
6.3 Metering System:
6.3.1 Themeteringsystemshouldbedesignedtoaccommodatethetypeandconcentration(s)oftestmaterialandthenecessary
flow rates of test solutions. The system should permit the mixing of the test material with dilution water immediately before
entrance to the test chambers (see 11.9.3.4) and permit the supply of selected concentration(s) of test material in a reproducible
fashion (see 9.3 and 11.1.1). Various metering systems, using different combinations of syringes, dipping birds, siphons, pumps,
saturators, solenoids, and valves have been used successfully to control the concentrations of test material in, and the flow rates
of, test solutions (see Guide E729).
6.3.2 The metering system should be calibrated before the test by determining the flow rate through each test chamber and
measuring either the concentration of test material in each test chamber or the volume of solution used in each portion of the
metering system. The general operation of the metering system should be visually checked twice daily, in the morning and
afternoon, throughout the test. The metering system should be adjusted during the test if necessary and any malfunction or
adjustment should be noted in the study records.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.05.
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this guide.
E1191–03a (2008)
6.3.3 The flow rate through each test chamber should be at least five volume additions per 24 h. It is usually desirable to
construct the metering system to provide at least ten volume additions per 24 h in case there is rapid loss of test material due to
microbial degradation, hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, reduction, sorption, or volatilization (see 11.4.2).At any particular time
during the test, the flow rates through any two test chambers should not differ by more than 10%. Flow rates through all test
chambers may be equally changed simultaneously during the test as long as the test temperature (see 11.3) and the concentrations
of dissolved oxygen and test material (see 11.4.1 and 11.9.3) remain acceptable (see 11.3, 11.9, and 13).
6.4 Test Chambers:
6.4.1 Inatoxicitytestwi
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