ASTM D4516-00(2010)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Standardizing Reverse Osmosis Performance Data (Withdrawn 2019)
Standard Practice for Standardizing Reverse Osmosis Performance Data (Withdrawn 2019)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
During the operation of an RO system, system conditions such as pressure, temperature, conversion, and feed concentration can vary, causing permeate flow and salt passage to change. To effectively evaluate system performance, it is necessary to compare permeate flow and salt passage data at the same conditions. Since data may not always be obtained at the same conditions, it is necessary to convert the RO data obtained at actual conditions to a set of selected constant conditions, thereby standardizing the data. This practice gives the procedure to standardize RO data.
This practice can be used for both spiral wound and hollow fiber systems.
This practice can be used for a single element or a multi-element system. However, if the RO system is brine staged, that is, the brine from one group of RO devices is the feed to a second group of RO devices, standardize the permeate flow and salt passage for each stage separately.
This practice is applicable for reverse osmosis systems with high rejections and with no significant leaks between the feed-brine and permeate streams.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the standardization of permeate flow and salt passage data for reverse osmosis (RO) systems.
1.2 This practice is applicable to waters including brackish waters and seawaters but is not necessarily applicable to waste waters.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covers the standardization of permeate flow and salt passage data for reverse osmosis (RO) systems.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D19 on Water, this practice was withdrawn in January 2019 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4516 − 00 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Practice for
Standardizing Reverse Osmosis Performance Data
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4516; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Significance and Use
1.1 This practice covers the standardization of permeate 5.1 During the operation of an RO system, system condi-
flow and salt passage data for reverse osmosis (RO) systems. tions such as pressure, temperature, conversion, and feed
concentration can vary, causing permeate flow and salt passage
1.2 This practice is applicable to waters including brackish
to change. To effectively evaluate system performance, it is
waters and seawaters but is not necessarily applicable to waste
necessary to compare permeate flow and salt passage data at
waters.
the same conditions. Since data may not always be obtained at
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
the same conditions, it is necessary to convert the RO data
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
obtained at actual conditions to a set of selected constant
standard.
conditions, thereby standardizing the data. This practice gives
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the procedure to standardize RO data.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.2 This practice can be used for both spiral wound and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
hollow fiber systems.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.3 This practice can be used for a single element or a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
multi-element system. However, if the RO system is brine
2. Referenced Documents
staged, that is, the brine from one group of RO devices is the
feedtoasecondgroupofROdevices,standardizethepermeate
2.1 ASTM Standards:
flow and salt passage for each stage separately.
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D4194 Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Re-
5.4 This practice is applicable for reverse osmosis systems
verse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
with high rejections and with no significant leaks between the
D6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration,
feed-brine and permeate streams.
Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
6. Procedure
3. Terminology
6.1 Standardization of Permeate Flow:
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to
6.1.1 Calculate the permeate flow at standard conditions
Terminologies D1129 and D6161.
using Eq 1:
3.2 For description of terms relating to reverse osmosis,
∆P
fbs
refer to Test Method D4194 and Terminology D6161.
P 2 2 P 2π 1π ~TCF !
F G
fs ps fbs ps s
Q 5 Q (1)
ps ~ pa!
∆P
4. Summary of Practice fba
P 2 2 P 2π 1π ~TCF !
F G
fa pa fba pa a
4.1 This practice consists of calculating the permeate flow
and salt passage of RO systems at a standard set of conditions where:
using data obtained at actual operating conditions.
Q = permeate flow at standard conditions,
ps
P = feed pressure at standard conditions, kpa,
fs
=
one half device pressure drop at standard
∆P
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
fbs
conditions, kpa,
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
Exchange Materials.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally
P = permeate pressure at standard conditions, kpa,
´1
ps
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4516 – 00 (2006) .
π = feed-brineosmoticpressureatstandardconditions,
DOI: 10.1520/D4516-00R10. fbs
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or kpa,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
π = permeate osmotic pressure at standard conditions,
ps
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
kpa,
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4516 − 00 (2010)
~T 225!
s
TCF 5 1.03 (3)
TCF = temperature correction factor at standard condi- s
s
~T 225!
tions,
a
TCF 5 1.03 (4)
a
Q = permeate flow at actual conditions,
pa
where:
P = feed pressure at actual conditions, kpa,
fa
=
one half device pressure drop at actual conditions, T = temperature at standard conditions, °C, and
s
∆P
fba
kpa, T = temperature at actual conditions, °C.
a
6.4 In Eq 1 and Eq 2, π and π are calculated from the
fba fbs
P = permeate pressure at actual conditions, kpa,
pa concentration of salt (expressed as mg/LNaCl) in the feed and
π = feed-brine osmotic pressure at actual conditions,
fba
brine streams. See AnnexA1 for the procedure to calculate the
kpa,
concentrations of salt in feed stream as mg/L NaCl.
π = permeate osmotic pressure at actual conditions,
pa
6.4.1 The concentration of salt in the brine stream is
kpa, and
calculated using Eq 5:
TCF = temperature correction factor at actual conditions.
a
C 5 C / 1 2 Y (5)
~ !
b f
where:
6.2 Standardization of Salt Passage:
6.2.1 Calculate the salt passage a
...
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