ASTM D1003-07e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Light that is scattered upon passing through a film or sheet of a material can produce a hazy or smoky field when objects are viewed through the material. Another effect can be veiling glare, as occurs in an automobile windshield when driving into the sun.
Although haze measurements are made most commonly by the use of a hazemeter, a spectrophotometer may be used, provided that it meets the geometric and spectral requirements of Section 5. The use of a spectrophotometer for haze measurement of plastics can provide valuable diagnostic data on the origin of the haze, and Procedure B is devoted to the use of a spectrophotometer.
Procedure A (hazemeter) test values are normally slightly higher and less variable than Procedure B (spectrophotometer) test values.
Regular luminous transmittance is obtained by placing a clear specimen at some distance from the entrance port of the integrating sphere. However, when the specimen is hazy, the total hemispherical luminous transmittance must be measured by placing the specimen at the entrance port of the sphere. The measured total hemispherical luminous transmittance will be greater than the regular luminous transmittance, depending on the optical properties of the sample. With this test method, the specimen is necessarily placed at the entrance port of the sphere in order to measure haze and total hemispherical luminous transmittance.
Haze data representative of the material may be obtained by avoiding heterogeneous surface or internal defects not characteristic of the material.
Haze and luminous-transmittance data are especially useful for quality control and specification purposes.
Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of specific light-transmitting and wide-angle-light-scattering properties of planar sections of materials such as essentially transparent plastic. Two procedures are provided for the measurement of luminous transmittance and haze. Procedure A uses a hazemeter as described in Section 5 and Procedure B uses a spectrophotometer as described in Section 8. Material having a haze value greater than 30 % is considered diffusing and should be tested in accordance with Practice E 167.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
Note 1—For greater discrimination among materials that scatter a high percent of light within a narrow forward angle, such as is the case with abraded transparent plastics, adjust the hazemeter and perform measurements in accordance with Test Method D 1044.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2—This test method is not equivalent to ISO 13468–1 and ISO/DIS 14782.
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Designation:D1003–07
Standard Test Method for
1
Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1003; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This test method has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense to replace Method 3022 of Federal Test Method
Standard 406.
1
´ NOTE—Added research report footnote to 7.5.1 editorially in September 2008.
1. Scope* D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1044 Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of specific
to Surface Abrasion
light-transmitting and wide-angle-light-scattering properties of
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D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
planar sections of materials such as essentially transparent
E167 Practice for Goniophotometry of Objects and Materi-
plastic. Two procedures are provided for the measurement of
3
als
luminous transmittance and haze. ProcedureAuses a hazeme-
E259 Practice for Preparation of Pressed Powder White
ter as described in Section 5 and Procedure B uses a spectro-
Reflectance Factor Transfer Standards for Hemispherical
photometer as described in Section 8. Material having a haze
and Bi-Directional Geometries
value greater than 30 % is considered diffusing and should be
E284 Terminology of Appearance
tested in accordance with Practice E167.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
standard.
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2.2 ISO Standards:
NOTE 1—For greater discrimination among materials that scatter a high
ISO 13468–1 Plastics—Determination of the Total Lumi-
percent of light within a narrow forward angle, such as is the case with
nous Transmittance of Transparent Materials
abraded transparent plastics, adjust the hazemeter and perform measure-
ISO/DIS 14782 Plastics—Determination of Haze of Trans-
ments in accordance with Test Method D1044.
parent Materials
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions—Terms applicable to this test method are
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
defined in Terminologies D883 and E284.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 haze, n—in transmission, the scattering of light by a
NOTE 2—This test method is not equivalent to ISO 13468–1 and
ISO/DIS 14782. specimen responsible for the reduction in contrast of objects
viewed through it. The percent of transmitted light that is
2. Referenced Documents
scattered so that its direction deviates more than a specified
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
angle from the direction of the incident beam.
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
3.2.1.1 Discussion—In this test method, the specified angle
is 0.044 rad (2.5°).
3.2.2 luminous, adj—weighted according to the spectral
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This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
luminous efficiency function V() of the CIE (1987).
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.40 on Optical Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D1003 - 00. DOI:
10.1520/D1003-07E01.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM on www.astm.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D1003–07
3.2.3 luminous transmittance, n—the ratio of the luminous unless it is specifically desired to measure the contribution to
flux transmitted by a body to the flux incident upon it. haze due to these imperfections.
5.3 Prepare three specimens to test each sample of a given
4. Significance and Use material unless specified otherwise in the applicable material
specification.
4.1 Light that is scattered upon passing through a film or
sheet of a material
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
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Designation:D1003–00 Designation:D1003–07
Standard Test Method for
1
Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1003; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
This test method has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense to replace Method 3022 of Federal Test Method
Standard 406.
1
´ NOTE—Added research report footnote to 7.5.1 editorially in September 2008.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of specific light-transmitting and wide-angle-light-scattering properties of planar
sections of materials such as essentially transparent plastic. Two procedures are provided for the measurement of luminous
transmittance and haze. Procedure A uses a hazemeter as described in Section 5 and Procedure B uses a spectrophotometer as
described in Section 8. Material having a haze value greater than 30 % is considered diffusing and should be tested in accordance
with Practice E 167.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
NOTE 1—For greater discrimination among materials that scatter a high percent of light within a narrow forward angle, such as is the case with abraded
transparent plastics, adjust the hazemeter and perform measurements in accordance with Test Method D 1044.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 2—This test method is not equivalent to ISO 13468–1 and ISO/DIS 14782.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 618Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials for Testing Practice for Conditioning Plastics for
Testing
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D 1044 Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion
2 3
D 1898Practice for Sampling of Plastics Practice for Sampling of Plastics
E 167 Practice for Goniophotometry of Objects and Materials
3
E 259Practice for Preparation of Reference White Reflectance Standards Practice for Preparation of Pressed Powder White
Reflectance Factor Transfer Standards for Hemispherical and Bi-Directional Geometries
E 284 Terminology of Appearance
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Program Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
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2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 13468–1 Plastics—Determination of the Total Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Materials
ISO/DIS 14782 Plastics—Determination of Haze of Transparent Materials
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.40 on Optical Properties .
This test method has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense to replace Method3022 of Federal Test Method Standard406.
´1
Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published July 2000. Originally published as D1003–49T. Last previous edition D1003–97 .
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 1003 - 00.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 08.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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D1003–07
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terms applicable to this test method are defined in Terminologies D 883 and E 284.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 haze, n—in transmission, the scattering of light by a specimen responsible for the reduction in contrast of objects view
...
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