ASTM D8027-17
(Practice)Standard Practice for Concentration of Select Radionuclides Using MnO2 for Measurement Purposes
Standard Practice for Concentration of Select Radionuclides Using MnO<inf>2</inf > for Measurement Purposes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is applicable to the separation of specific radionuclides of interest as part of overall radiochemical analytical methods. Radionuclides of interest may need to be quantified at activity levels of less than 1 Bq. This may require measurement of less than 1 fg of analyte in a sample which has a mass of a gram to more than several kilograms. This requires concentration of radionuclides into a smaller volume counting geometry or exclusion of species which would impede subsequent chemical separations, or both. MnO2 has shown good selectivity in being able to concentrate the following elements: actinium (Ac), bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), polonium (Po), plutonium (Pu), radium (Ra), thorium (Th), and uranium (U) as noted in the referenced literature (see Sections 4 and 8). The MnO2 can be loaded onto a variety of substrates in preparation for use or generated in-situ in an aqueous solution. The presented processes are not meant to be all encompassing of what is possible or meant to address all limitations of using MnO2. Some limitations are noted in Section 6, Interferences.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to provide a variety of approaches in which manganese oxide (MnO2) can be used to concentrate radionuclides of interest into a smaller volume counting geometry or exclude other species that would otherwise impede subsequent chemical separation steps in an overall radiochemical method, or both.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8027 − 17
Standard Practice for
Concentration of Select Radionuclides Using MnO for
2
1
Measurement Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8027; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Practice
1.1 This practice is intended to provide a variety of ap- 4.1 These practices describe different processes through
proaches in which manganese oxide (MnO ) can be used to which MnO can be used to concentrate specific radionuclides
2 2
concentrate radionuclides of interest into a smaller volume of interest into a smaller volume counting geometry or exclude
counting geometry or exclude other species that would other- other species that would otherwise impede subsequent chemi-
wiseimpedesubsequentchemicalseparationstepsinanoverall cal separation steps in an overall radiochemical method, or
radiochemical method, or both. both.
3
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 4.2 Published studies (1-5) have addressed in detail the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this various manners in which hydrous manganese dioxides can be
standard. synthesized and the variety of crystal forms of hydrous
manganese dioxide that can result. The literature describes the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
following general categories in which hydrous manganese
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dioxide can be prepared.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2.1 Guyard Reaction:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
21 1
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3Mn 12MnO 12H O→5MnO 14H
4 2 2
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.2.2 By the reduction of permanganate with reducing
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
reagents such as hydrogen peroxide (H O ) or hydrogen
2 2
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
chloride (HCl).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.2.3 By the oxidation of Mn(II) salt under alkaline condi-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tions with oxidizing reagents such as potassium chlorate
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
(KClO ), H O , ozone (O ), or ammonium persulfate
3 2 2 3
((NH ) S O ).
4 2 2 8
2. Referenced Documents
4.3 The presented practices are not meant to address every
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
possible approach to the generation and use of MnO but are
2
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
meant to present some more typical practices that may be
D7902 Terminology for Radiochemical Analyses
generally useful.
3. Terminology
5. Significance and Use
3.1 Definitions:
5.1 This practice is applicable to the separation of specific
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
radionuclides of interest as part of overall radiochemical
Terminologies D1129 and D7902.
analytical methods. Radionuclides of interest may need to be
quantified at activity levels of less than 1 Bq. This may require
measurement of less than 1 fg of analyte in a sample which has
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
a mass of a gram to more than several kilograms.This requires
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of Radiochemical
concentration of radionuclides into a smaller volume counting
Analysis.
geometry or exclusion of species which would impede subse-
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originally
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D8027 – 16. DOI:
quent chemical separations, or both. MnO has shown good
2
10.1520/D8027-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8027 − 17
selectivity in being able to concentrate the following elements: 7.5 Hydrogen peroxide, 30 % H O —TheACSspecification
2 2
actinium (Ac), bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), polonium (Po), pluto- allows for a concentr
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8027 − 16 D8027 − 17
Standard Practice for
Concentration of Select Radionuclides Using MnO for
2
1
Measurement Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8027; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice is intended to provide a variety of approaches in which manganese oxide (MnO ) can be used to concentrate
2
radionuclides of interest into a smaller volume counting geometry or exclude other species that would otherwise impede
subsequent chemical separation steps in an overall radiochemical method, or both.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D7902 Terminology for Radiochemical Analyses
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminologies D1129 and D7902.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 These practices describe different processes through which MnO can be used to concentrate specific radionuclides of
2
interest into a smaller volume counting geometry or exclude other species that would otherwise impede subsequent chemical
separation steps in an overall radiochemical method, or both.
3
4.2 Published studies (1-5) have addressed in detail the various manners in which hydrous manganese dioxides can be
synthesized and the variety of crystal forms of hydrous manganese dioxide that can result. The literature describes the following
general categories in which hydrous manganese dioxide can be prepared.
4.2.1 Guyard Reaction:
21 1
3Mn 12MnO 12H O→5MnO 14H
2 2
4
4.2.2 By the reduction of permanganate with reducing reagents such as hydrogen peroxide (H O ) or hydrogen chloride (HCl).
2 2
4.2.3 By the oxidation of Mn(II) salt under alkaline conditions with oxidizing reagents such as potassium chlorate (KClO ),
3
H O , ozone (O ), or ammonium persulfate ((NH ) S O ).
2 2 3 4 2 2 8
4.3 The presented practices are not meant to address every possible approach to the generation and use of MnO but are meant
2
to present some more typical practices that may be generally useful.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of Radiochemical Analysis.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2016June 1, 2017. Published May 2016June 2017. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D8027 –
16. DOI: 10.1520/D8027-16.10.1520/D8027-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8027 − 17
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice is applicable to the separation of specific radionuclides of interest as part of overall radiochemical analytical
methods. Radionuclides of interest may need to be quantified at activity levels of less than 1 Bq. This may require measurement
of less than 1 fg of analyte in a sample which has a mass of a gram to more than several kilograms. This requires concentration
of radionuclides into a smaller volume counting geometry or exclusion of species which would impede subsequent chemical
separations, or both. MnO has shown good selectivity in being able to concentrate the f
...
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