ASTM B918/B918M-20a

Standard Practice for Heat Treatment of Wrought Aluminum Alloys

ABSTRACT
This practice is intended for use in the heat treatment of wrought aluminum alloys for general purpose applications. Aluminum alloys are typically heated in air chamber furnaces or molten salt baths. Though lead baths, oil baths, or fluidized beds may be used, uncontrolled heating is not permitted. The furnace temperature uniformity and calibration shall conform to the specified requirements. Preparation for heat treatment of alloys shall follow the racking, spacing, and cleanliness requirements. Solution heat treatment shall follow the recommended soaking times and quenching procedures. Precipitation heat treatment shall conform to the prescribed times, temperatures, and annealing procedures. The alloys shall be subjected to tensile testing, eutectic melting and heat-treat-induced porosity analysis, intergranular corrosion test, and Alclad diffusion test.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended for use in the heat treatment of wrought aluminum alloys for general purpose applications.  
1.1.1 The heat treatment of wrought aluminum alloys used in specific aerospace applications is covered in AMS2772.  
1.1.2 Heat treatment of aluminum alloy castings for general purpose applications is covered in Practice B917/B917M.  
1.2 Times and temperatures appearing in the heat-treatment tables are typical for various forms, sizes, and manufacturing methods and may not provide the optimum heat treatment for a specific item.  
1.3 Some alloys in the 6xxx series may achieve the T4 temper by quenching from within the solution temperature range during or immediately following a hot working process, such as upon emerging from an extrusion die. Such alternatives to furnace heating and immersion quenching are indicated in Table 1, by footnote L, for heat treatment of wrought aluminum alloys. However, this practice does not cover the requirements for a controlled extrusion press or hot rolling mill solution heat treatment; it only covers the requirements of artificial aging, annealing and associated pyrometry of those processes for products solution heat treated in accordance with Practices B807/B807M and B947. (Refer to Practice B807/B807M for extrusion press solution heat treatment of aluminum alloys and to Practice B947 for hot rolling mill solution heat treatment of aluminum alloys and associated pyrometry.)  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either Metric or US Customary units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2020
• ICS: 25.200 - Heat treatment
• ICS: 77.150.10 - Aluminium products
• Technical Committee: B07 - Light Metals and Alloys
• Drafting Committee: B07.03 - Aluminum Alloy Wrought Products

Relations

• Refers: ASTM G69-20 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Corrosion Potentials of Aluminum Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM B881-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2017
• Refers: ASTM B557-14 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
• Effective Date: 15-May-2014
• Refers: ASTM B557M-14 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products (Metric)
• Effective Date: 15-May-2014
• Refers: ASTM B807/B807M-13 - Standard Practice for Extrusion Press Solution Heat Treatment for Aluminum Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Refers: ASTM B947-06(2013) - Standard Practice for Hot Rolling Mill Solution Heat Treatment for Aluminum Alloy Plate
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM G69-12 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Corrosion Potentials of Aluminum Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Refers: ASTM B917/B917M-11 - Standard Practice for Heat Treatment of Aluminum-Alloy Castings from All Processes
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011
• Refers: ASTM B557M-10 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products [Metric]
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Refers: ASTM B557-10 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Refers: ASTM B917/B917M-09 - Standard Practice for Heat Treatment of Aluminum-Alloy Castings from All Processes
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2009
• Refers: ASTM B881-09 - Standard Terminology Relating to Aluminum- and Magnesium- Alloy Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2009
• Refers: ASTM G69-97(2009) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Corrosion Potentials of Aluminum Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-May-2009
• Refers: ASTM B917/B917M-08 - Standard Practice for Heat Treatment of Aluminum-Alloy Castings from All Processes
• Effective Date: 07-Aug-2008
• Refers: ASTM B917/B917M-07 - Standard Practice for Heat Treatment of Aluminum-Alloy Castings from All Processes
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2007

Overview

ASTM B918/B918M-20a is the recognized standard practice establishing recommended methods for the heat treatment of wrought aluminum alloys intended for general-purpose applications. Developed by ASTM International, this standard is essential for ensuring the consistent quality, mechanical properties, and performance of aluminum alloy products through controlled heat treatment processes. It provides comprehensive guidelines covering equipment, process control, temperature management, calibration, and verification requirements necessary to achieve optimal results in the heat treatment of various wrought aluminum products.

Key Topics

• Scope and Applicability: The standard addresses heat treatment practices for wrought aluminum alloys widely used in construction, transportation, and manufacturing. It excludes specific requirements for aerospace aluminum alloys (see AMS2772) and aluminum alloy castings (see ASTM B917/B917M).
• Recommended Equipment: Prescribes use of air chamber furnaces, molten salt baths, lead baths, oil baths, or fluidized beds. Uncontrolled heating is strictly forbidden to protect alloy integrity.
• Furnace Calibration and Temperature Uniformity: Requires that furnace temperature be calibrated and verified for uniformity, ensuring that each part of the load is subject to the specified thermal cycle.
• Process Preparation: Outlines necessary preparation steps including racking, spacing, and cleanliness to ensure optimal heat treatment and prevent contamination or inadequate heating.
• Heat Treatment Procedures: Provides guidance for solution heat treatment, quenching, and artificial aging (precipitation heat treatment), with reference to typical times and temperatures for different alloys and product forms.
• Testing and Verification: Mandates mechanical and metallurgical tests-including tensile testing, analysis of porosity and eutectic melting, intergranular corrosion testing, and Alclad diffusion testing-to confirm that heat treatment has produced the desired properties.
• Units of Measurement: Accepts both Metric and US Customary units, to be used independently and not intermixed within documentation or processes.

Applications

ASTM B918/B918M-20a is utilized wherever wrought aluminum alloys require enhancement or modification of their physical characteristics through heat treatment. Typical applications include:

• Structural Components: Used in construction and infrastructure where strength, durability, and corrosion resistance are vital.
• Automotive and Rail: Applied to parts such as frames, panels, and supports to boost performance and service life.
• Marine and Aerospace (non-specific items): For non-critical parts where precision heat treatment results in improved strength-to-weight ratios.
• Architectural Applications: Ensures aesthetic and functional performance by achieving uniform material properties in extrusions and sheets.

The standard is essential for manufacturers and processors seeking repeatable, high-quality outcomes in aluminum alloy processing, helping to reduce variability and enhance product reliability.

Related Standards

• AMS2772: Covers heat treatment of wrought aluminum alloys for aerospace applications, providing more stringent controls for critical components.
• ASTM B917/B917M: Focused on heat treatment of aluminum-alloy castings, providing separate protocols specific to cast products.
• ASTM B807/B807M: Pertains to extrusion press solution heat treatment for aluminum alloys.
• ASTM B947: Details hot rolling mill solution heat treatment and associated pyrometry for aluminum alloy plate.
• ANSI H35.1/H35.1M: Defines alloy and temper designation systems for aluminum, vital for proper identification and processing.
• AMS2750: Standard for pyrometry, often referenced as an alternative for furnace calibration and temperature uniformity.
• ASTM B557/B557M: Test methods for tension testing of aluminum and magnesium alloy products.
• ASTM G69: Provides test methods for measurement of corrosion potentials of aluminum alloys.

Summary

Complying with ASTM B918/B918M-20a ensures best practices in the heat treatment of wrought aluminum alloys by providing detailed procedures, equipment recommendations, and quality verification steps. Adherence to this standard helps manufacturers and processors achieve optimal mechanical properties, improved durability, and consistent product quality, supporting a wide range of industrial, construction, and transportation applications.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B918/B918M − 20a
Standard Practice for
Heat Treatment of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B918/B918M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice is intended for use in the heat treatment of
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
wrought aluminum alloys for general purpose applications.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1.1 The heat treatment of wrought aluminum alloys used
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
in specific aerospace applications is covered in AMS2772.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1.2 Heat treatment of aluminum alloy castings for general
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
purpose applications is covered in Practice B917/B917M.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 Times and temperatures appearing in the heat-treatment
tables are typical for various forms, sizes, and manufacturing
2. Referenced Documents
methods and may not provide the optimum heat treatment for
2.1 The following documents, of the issue in effect on the
a specific item.
date of material purchase, form a part of this practice to the
1.3 Some alloys in the 6xxx series may achieve the T4
extent referenced herein:
temper by quenching from within the solution temperature
2.2 ASTM Standards:
range during or immediately following a hot working process,
B557Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast
suchasuponemergingfromanextrusiondie.Suchalternatives
Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
to furnace heating and immersion quenching are indicated in
B557MTest Methods forTensionTestingWrought and Cast
Table1,byfootnote L,forheattreatmentofwroughtaluminum
Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products (Metric)
alloys. However, this practice does not cover the requirements
B807/B807MPractice for Extrusion Press Solution Heat
foracontrolledextrusionpressorhotrollingmillsolutionheat
Treatment for Aluminum Alloys
treatment; it only covers the requirements of artificial aging,
B881Terminology Relating toAluminum- and Magnesium-
annealing and associated pyrometry of those processes for
Alloy Products
products solution heat treated in accordance with Practices
B917/B917MPractice for Heat Treatment of Aluminum-
B807/B807M and B947. (Refer to Practice B807/B807M for
Alloy Castings From All Processes
extrusionpresssolutionheattreatmentofaluminumalloysand
B947Practice for Hot Rolling Mill Solution HeatTreatment
to Practice B947 for hot rolling mill solution heat treatment of
for Aluminum Alloy Plate
aluminum alloys and associated pyrometry.)
G69Test Method for Measurement of Corrosion Potentials
1.4 Units—The values stated in either Metric or US Cus-
of Aluminum Alloys
tomary units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
2.3 ANSI Standard:
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
H35.1/H35.1MAlloy and Temper Designation Systems for
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
Aluminum
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
2.4 SAE Standard:
conformance with the standard.
AMS2750Pyrometry
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.03 on the ASTM website.
Aluminum Alloy Wrought Products. Available fromAluminumAssociation, 1400 Crystal Dr., Suite 430,Arlington,
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published January 2021. Originally VA 22202, http://www.aluminum.org.
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as B918/B918M–20. AvailablefromSAEInternational(SAE),400CommonwealthDr.,Warrendale,
DOI: 10.1520/B0918_B0918M-20A. PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B918/B918M − 20a
A,W
TABLE 1 Recommended Heat Treatment for Wrought Aluminum Alloys
Solution Precipitation
B
Heat Treatment Heat Treatment
Product
Metal Temperature, Quench Temperature, Metal Temperature, Time at
Temper Temper
C,D,V E V
±10 °F [±6 °C] °F [°C] ±10 °F [±6 °C] Temperature, h
A
2011 Alloy
Cold-finished wire, rod, 945–995 [507–535] 110 [43] max T3 320 [160] 14 T8
and bar T4 . . .
T451 . . . . . . . . .
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Drawn tube and pipe 975 [524] 110 [43] max T3 320 [160] 14 T8
T4511 . . . . . . . . .
A
2014 Alloy
Flat sheet, bare 925–945 [496–507] 110 [43] max T3 . . . . . . . . .
U U U U
or Alclad 935 [502] T42 320 [160] 18–20 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Coiled sheet, bare 925–945 [496–507] 110 [43] max T4 320 [160] 18 T6
U U U U
or Alclad 935 [502] T42 320 [160] 18–20 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Plate, bare or Alclad 925–945 [496–507] 110 [43] max T451 320 [160] 18 T651
U U U U
935 [502] T42 350 [177] 8–9 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Cold-finished wire, rod, 925–945 [496–507] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 9 T6
and bar T451 350 [177] 9 T651
U U U U
935 [502] T42 350 [177] 8–9 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Extruded wire, rod, bar, 925–945 [496–507] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 9 T6
profiles, tube, and pipe T4510 350 [177] 9 T6510
T4511 350 [177] 9 T6511
U U U U
935 [502] T42 350 [177] 8–9 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Drawn tube and pipe 925–945 [496–507] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 9 T6
U U U U
935 [502] T42 350 [177] 8–9 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Die forgings 925–945 [496–507] 140–180 [60–82] T4 350 [177] 9 T6
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Hand forgings and rolled 925–945 [496–507] 140–180 [60–82] T4 350 [177] 9 T6
U U U U
rings 935 [502] T452 350 [177] 10 T652
A
2017 Alloy
Cold-finished wire, rod, 925–950 [496–510] 110 [43] max T4 . . . . . . . . .
and bar T451 . . . . . . . . .
T42 . . .
A
2018 Alloy
T
Die forgings 940–970 [504–521] Boiling Water T4 340 [171] 10 T61
A
2024 Alloy
Flat sheet, bare 910–930 [488–499] 110 [43] max T3 375 [191] 12 T81
U U U U
or Alclad 920 [493] T361 375 [191 8 T861
U U U
T42 375 [191] 9–10 T62
U U U
T42 375 [191] 16–18 T72
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Coiled sheet, bare 910–930 [488–499] 110 [43] max T4 375 [191] 9–10 T6
U U U U
or Alclad 920 [493] T42 375 [191] 9 T62
U U U
T42 375 [191] 16–18 T72
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Plate, bare or Alclad 910–930 [488–499] 110 [43] max T351 375 [191] 12 T851
U U U U
920 [493] T361 375 [191] 8 T861
U U U
T42 375 [191] 9–10 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Cold-finished wire, rod, 910–930 [488–499] 110 [43] max T351 375 [191] 12 T851
and bar T36 . . .
T4 375 [191] 12 T6
U U U U
920 [493] T42 375 [191] 12–13 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Extruded wire, rod, bar, 910–930 [488–499] 110 [43] max T3 375 [191] 12 T81
profiles, tube, and pipe T3510 375 [191] 12 T8510
T3511 375 [191] 12 T8511
U U U U
920 [493] T42 375 [191] 12–13 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Drawn tube and pipe 910–930 [488–499] 110 [43] max T3 375 [191] 12 T8
U U U U
920 [493] T42 375 [191] 9–10 T62
A
2025 Alloy
Die forgings 950–970 [510–521] 140–160 [60–71] T4 350 [177] 9 T6
A
2117 Alloy
Cold-finished, wire 925–950 [496–510] 110 [43] max T4 . . . . . . . . .
or rod
B918/B918M − 20a
TABLE 1 Continued
Solution Precipitation
B
Heat Treatment Heat Treatment
Product
Metal Temperature, Quench Temperature, Metal Temperature, Time at
Temper Temper
C,D,V E V
±10 °F [±6 °C] °F [°C] ±10 °F [±6 °C] Temperature, h
A
2124 Alloy
Plate 910–930 [488–499] 110 [43] max T3 375 [191] 12 T8
T31 370 [188] 12 T8151
T4 375 [191] 9 T6
U U U U
920 [493] T3 375 [191] 12 T82
U U U
T42 375 [191] 10 T62
A
2218 Alloy
T
Die forgings 940–960 [504–516] Boiling Water T4 340 [171] 10 T61
T4 460 [238] 6 T7
U U U U
950 [510] T4 340 [171] 10 T62
U U U
T4 460 [238] 6 T72
A
2219 Alloy
Flat sheet, bare 985–1005 [529–541] 110 [43] max T31 350 [177] 18 T81
or Alclad T37 325 [163] 24 T87
U U U U
995 [535] T42 375 [191] 17–19 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Plate 985–1005 [529–541] 110 [43] max T37 325 [163] 17–19 T87
T351 350 [177] 18 T851
U U U U
995 [535] T42 375 [191] 35–37 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Cold-finished wire, rod, 985–1005 [529–541] 110 [43] max T4 375 [191] 18 T6
and bar T351 375 [191] 18 T851
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Extruded wire, rod, bar, 985–1005 [529–541] 110 [43] max T31 375 [191] 18 T81
profiles, tube, and pipe T3510 375 [191] 18 T8510
T3511 375 [191] 18 T8511
U U U U
995 [535] T42 375 [191] 35–37 T62
U U U
T3 375 [191] 17–19 T82
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Die forgings and rolled 985–1005 [529–541] 110 [43] max T4 375 [191] 26 T6
U U U U
rings 995 [335] T42 375 [191] 25–27 T62
U U U
T352 350 [177] 17–19 T82
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Hand forgings 985–1005 [529–541] 110 [43] max T4 375 [191] 26 T6
U U U U
995 [335] T42 375 [191] 25–27 T62
U U U
T352 350 [177] 17–19 T852
A
2618 Alloy
T
Die, hand, and rolled 975–995 [524–535] Boiling Water T4 390 [199] 20 T61
U U U U
ring forgings 985 [529] T42 390 [199] 19–21 T62
4032 Alloy
Die forgings 940–970 [504–521] 140–180 [60–82] T4 340 [171] 10 T6
U U U U
955 [513] T42 340 [171] 9–11 T62
6005 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . T1 350 [177] 8 T5
profiles, tube, and pipe
6005A Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . T1 350 [177] 8 T5
profiles, tube, and pipe T4 350 [177] 8 T61
A
6013 Alloy
Sheet, bare 1045–1065 [563–574] 110 [43] max T4 375 [191] 4 T6
or 345 [174] 8
U U U U
1000 [538] T42 375 [191] 4–5 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Plate, bare 1020–1050 [549–566] 110 [43] max . . . 345 [174] 8–16 T651
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Cold-finished wire, rod, 1040–1060 [560–571] 110 [43] max . . . 375 [191] 4 T651
and bar . . . 375 [191] 4 T8
A
6020 Alloy
I
Rod, bar & extrusion 1010–1050 [543–566] 110 [43] max W 355 [179] 8–10 T6511
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
I
Wire, rod, & bar 1010–1050 [543–566] 110 [43] max W 355 [179] 8–10 T8
6041 Alloy
Extruded rod, bar, and 1010–1050 [543–566] 110 [43] max T4 350 [176] 8 T6
profiles
T4511 350 [176] 8 T6511
6042 Alloy
Extruded rod, bar, and 1010–1050 [543–566] 110 [43] max T1 350 [176] 8 T5
profiles
T1 350 [176] 8 T5511
B918/B918M − 20a
TABLE 1 Continued
Solution Precipitation
B
Heat Treatment Heat Treatment
Product
Metal Temperature, Quench Temperature, Metal Temperature, Time at
Temper Temper
C,D,V E V
±10 °F [±6 °C] °F [°C] ±10 °F [±6 °C] Temperature, h
A
6053 Alloy
Cold-finished wire and 960–980 [516–527] 110 [43] max T4 355 [179] 8 T61
rod
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Die forgings 960–980 [516–527] 110 [43] max T4 340 [171] 10 T6
U U U U
970 [521] T42 340 [171] 10 T62
A
6061 Alloy
F
Sheet, bare or Alclad 960–1075 [516–579] 110 [43] max T4 320 [160] 18 T6
U U U U
985 [529] T42 350 [177] 8–10 T62
P P,U P,U P,U
T42 320 [160] 17–19 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Plate 960–1075 [516–579] 110 [43] max T451 320 [160] 18 T651
U U U U
985 [529] T42 350 [177] 18 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
G
Tread Sheet and Plate 960–1075 [516–579] 110 [43] max T4 320 [160] 18 T6
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
H
Cold-finished wire, rod, 960–1075 [516–579] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
and bar or 320 [160] 18
T3 340 [171] 8 T89
or 320 [160] 18
T4 350 [177] 8 T94
T451 350 [177] 8 T651
U U U U
985 [529] T42 350 [177] 8–10 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
L
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . T1 350 [177] 8 T51
L H
profiles, tube, and pipe 960–1075 [516–579] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
T4510 350 [177] 8 T6510
T4511 350 [177] 8 T6511
U U U U
985 [529] T42 350 [177] 8–10 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
L H
Structural profiles 960–1075 [516–579] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
L
Drawn tube and pipe 960–1075 [516–579] 110 [43] max T4 320 [160] 18 T6
or 340 [171] 8
U U U U
985 [529] T42 340 [171] 8 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Die and hand forgings 960–1075 [516–579] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
or 340 [171] 10
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Rolled rings 960–1075 [516–579] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
U U U
985 [529] T452 350 [177] 8–10 T652
6063 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, tube, . . . . . . T1 400 [204] 1–2 T5
pipe, and profiles or 360 [182] 3
U U U
T1 400 [204] 1–2 T52
U U
or 360 [182] 3
L H
960–1010 [516–543] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
or 360 [182] 6
U U U U
985 [529] T42 350 [177] 8–10 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
L
Drawn tube and pipe 960–1010 [516–543] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
T3 350 [177] 8 T83
T3 350 [177] 8 T831
T3 350 [177] 8 T832
U U U U
985 [529] T42 350 [177] 8–10 T62
6064 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . T4 350 [177] 8 T6
profiles, tube, and pipe T4511 350 [177] 8 T6511
6066 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, 960–1010 [516–543] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
profiles, tube, and pipe T4510 350 [177] 8 T6510
T4511 350 [177] 8 T6511
U U U U
985 [529] T42 350 [177] 8–10 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Die forgings 960–1010 [516–543] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
6070 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, 1015 [546] 110 [43] max T4 320 [160] 18 T6
U U U
profiles, tube, and pipe T42 320 [160] 18 T62
6082 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, 980 [527] . . . T4 350 [177] 8 T6
profiles, tube, and pipe T4511 350 [177] 8 T6511
B918/B918M − 20a
TABLE 1 Continued
Solution Precipitation
B
Heat Treatment Heat Treatment
Product
Metal Temperature, Quench Temperature, Metal Temperature, Time at
Temper Temper
C,D,V E V
±10 °F [±6 °C] °F [°C] ±10 °F [±6 °C] Temperature, h
6101 Alloy
L H
Extruded rod, bar, 970 [521] 110 [43] max T4 390 [199] 10 T6
profiles, tube, and pipe T4 440 [227] 5 T61
T4 410 [210] 9 T63
T4 535 [279] 7 T64
T4 430 [221] 3 T65
6105 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . T1 350 [177] 8 T5
profiles, tube, and pipe T4 350 [177] 8 T6
6110 Alloy
Cold-finished wire, rod, 980–1050 [527–566] 110 [43] max T4 380 [193] 8 T9
and bar
6151 Alloy
Die forgings 950–980 [510–527] 110 [43] max T4 340 [171] 10 T6
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Rolled rings 960 [516] 110 [43] max T4 340 [171] 10 T6
U U U
965 [518] T452 340 [171] 10 T652
6162 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . T1 350 [177] 8 T5
profiles, tube, and pipe T1510 350 [177] 8 T5510
T1511 350 [177] 8 T5511
L
980 [527] . . . T4 350 [177] 8 T6
T4510 350 [177] 8 T6510
T45111 350 [177] 8 T6511
6201 Alloy
Wire 950 [510] 110 [43] max T3 320 [160] 4 T81
6262 Alloy
Cold-finished wire, 960–1050 [516–566] 110 [43] max T4 340 [171] 8 T6
rod, and bar T4 340 [171] 8 T9
T451 340 [171] 8 T651
U U U U
1005 [541] T42 340 [171] 8 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
L
Extruded rod, bar, 960–1050 [516–566] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 12 T6
profiles, tube, and pipe T4510 350 [177] 12 T6510
T4511 350 [177] 12 T6511
U U U U
1005 [541] T42 350 [177] 11–13 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Drawn tube and pipe 960–1050 [516–566] 110 [43] max T4 340 [171] 8 T6
T4 340 [171] 8 T9
U U U U
1005 [541] T42 340 [171] 8 T62
6351 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . T1 350 [177] 8 T5
profiles, tube, and pipe 350 [177] 8 T51
L
... . . . T11 250 [121] 10 T54
or 350 [177] 8
L H
960–1010 [516–543] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
6463 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . T1 400 [204] 1 T5
profiles, tube, and pipe or 360 [182] 3
L H
970 [521] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
or 360 [182] 6
7005 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . T1 room temperature 72 plus T53
and profiles 225 [107] 8 plus
300 [149] 16
A
7049 Alloy
I
Extruded rod, bar, 860-900 [460-482] 110 [43] max W511 room temperature 48 plus T76511
and profiles 250 [121] 24 plus
375 [163] 13
I
W511 room temperature 48 plus T73511
250 [121] 24 plus
330 [166] 17
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
I
Die and hand forgings* 860–900 [460–482] 140–160 [60–71] W room temperature 48 plus T73
250 [121] 8–24
340 [171] 6–16
I
W51 room temperature 8–24 plus T7351
250 [121] 8–24 plus
335 [168] 6–16
U I U U U
875 [468] W52 room temperature 24 plus T7352
U U
250 [121] 8–24 plus
U U
*Continued on next page. 330 [166] 6–16
B918/B918M − 20a
TABLE 1 Continued
Solution Precipitation
B
Heat Treatment Heat Treatment
Product
Metal Temperature, Quench Temperature, Metal Temperature, Time at
Temper Temper
C,D,V E V
±10 °F [±6 °C] °F [°C] ±10 °F [±6 °C] Temperature, h
A
7049 Alloy (Continued)
U I U U U
Die and hand forgings 875 [468] W room temperature 48 min T732
U U
(Continued) 250 [121] 24 min plus
U U
325 [163] 13–14
A
7050 Alloy
I
Plate 880–900 [471–482] 110 [43] max W51 250 [121] 4–24 plus T7351
350 [177] 8–16
I
W51 250 [121] 3–6 plus T7451
325 [163] 24–30
I
W51 250 [121] 3–6 plus T7651
325 [163 12–15
U I U U U
890 [477] W51 250 [121] 6–8 plus T742
U U
350 [177] 6–8
I U U U
W51 250 [121] 6–8 plus T762
U U
350 [177] 6.5–7
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
I
Cold-finished wire, rod 880–900 [471–482] 110 [43] max W 250 [121] 4–24 plus T7
350 [177] 6–12
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
I
Extruded rod, bar, 880–900 [471–482] 110 [43] max W510 250 [121] 24 plus T73510
and profiles 350 [177] 12–15
I
W510 250 [121] 24 plus T74510
340 [171] 8–12
I
W510 250 [121] 3–8 plus T76510
325 [163] 15–18
I
W511 250 [121] 24 plus T73511
350 [177] 12–15
I
W511 250 [121] 24 plus T74511
340 [171] 18–12
I
W511 250 [121] 3–8 plus T76511
325 [163] 15–18
U I U U U
890 [477] W 250 [121] 6–8 plus T732
U U
350 [177] 11.5–12.5
I U U U
W 250 [121] 6–8 plus T742
U U
350 [177] 6–8
I U U U
W 250 [121] 6–8 plus T762
U U
350 [177] 3.5–4.5
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
I
Die forgings & 880–900 [471–482] 140–160 [60–71] W 250 [121] 3–6 plus T74
hand forgings 350 [177] 6–12
I
W51 250 [121] 3–6 plus T7451
350 [177] 6–10
I
W52 250 [121] 3–6 plus T7452
350 [177] 6–10
I
W room temperature 72 plus T6
250 [121] 48
U I U U U
890 [477] W 250 [121] 6–8 plus T742
U U
350 [177] 6–8
I U U U
W 250 [121] 6–8 plus T762
U U
350 [177] 3.5–4.5
A
7075 Alloy
J I
Sheet, bare or Alclad 860–930 [460–499] 110 [43] max W 250 [121] 24 T6
I M
W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T73
325 [163] 24–30
or 225 [107] 6–8 plus
K
335 [168] 14–18
I M
W 250 [121] 3–5 plus T76
325 [163] 15–18
U I U U U
870 [466] W 250 [121] 23–25 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
J,N I
Plate, bare or Alclad* 860–930 [460–499] 110 [43] max W51 250 [121] 24 T651
or 205 [96] 4 plus
315 [157] 8
I M
W51 225 [107] 6–8 plus T7351
325 [163] 24–30
or 225 [107] 6–8 plus
K
335 [168] 14–18
I M
W51 250 [121] 24 T7651
or 250 [121] 3–5 plus
325 [163] 15–18
* Continued on next page.
B918/B918M − 20a
TABLE 1 Continued
Solution Precipitation
B
Heat Treatment Heat Treatment
Product
Metal Temperature, Quench Temperature, Metal Temperature, Time at
Temper Temper
C,D,V E V
±10 °F [±6 °C] °F [°C] ±10 °F [±6 °C] Temperature, h
A
7075 Alloy (Continued)
R,U I U U U
Plate, bare or Alclad* 870 [466] W 250 [121] 23–25 T62
U U
(Continued) or 205 [96] 4 plus
U U
315 [157] 8
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
J,N I
Cold-finished wire, rod, 860–930 [460–499] 110 [43] max W 250 [121] 24 T6
I M
and bar W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T73
350 [177] 8–10
I
W51 250 [121] 24 T651
I M
W51 225 [107] 6–8 plus T7351
350 [177] 8–10
U I U U U
870 [466] W 225 [107] 23–25 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
J,N I
Extruded rod, bar, 860–930 [460–499] 110 [43] max W 250 [121] 24 T6
profiles, tube, and pipe or 210 [99] 5 plus
250 [121] 4 plus
300 [149] 4
I M
W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T73
350 [177] 6–8
or 225 [107] 6–8 plus
K
335 [168] 14–18
I M
W 250 [121] 3–5 plus T76
325 [163] 15–18
or 250 [121] 3–5 plus
320 [160] 18–21
I
W510 250 [121] 24 T6510
or 210 [99] 5 plus
250 [121] 4 plus
300 [149] 4
I M
W510 225 [107] 6–8 plus T73510
350 [177] 6–8
or 225 [107] 6–8 plus
K
335 [168] 14–18 plus
I M
W510 250 [121] 3–5 plus T76510
325 [163] 15–18
or 250 [121] 3–5 plus
320 [160] 18–21
I
W511 250 [121] 24 T6511
or 210 [99] 5 plus
250 [121] 4 plus
300 [149] 4
I M
W511 225 [107] 6–8 plus T73511
350 [177] 6–8
or 225[ 107] 6–8 plus
K
335 [168] 14–18
I M
W511 250 [121] 3–5 plus T76511
325 [163] 15–18
or 225 [107] 3–5 plus
320 [160] 18–21
U I U U U
870 [466] W 250 [121] 23–25 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
I
Drawn tube and pipe 870 [466] 110 [43] max W 250 [121] 24 T6
I M
W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T73
350 [177] 6–8
or 225 [107] 6–8 plus
K
335 [168] 14–18
U I U U U
870 [466] W 250 [121] 23–25 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
I
Die forgings 860–900 [460–482] 140–160 [60–71] W 250 [121] 24 T6
I M
W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T73
350 [177] 8–10
I M
W51 225 [107] 6–8 plus T7351
350 [177] 6–8
I M
W52 225 [107] 6–8 plus T7352
350 [177] 6–8
I
W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T74
350 [177] 6–8
U I U U U
870 [466] W 250 [121] 23–25 T62
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
I
Hand forgings* 860–900 [460–482] 140–160 [60–71] W 250 [121] 24 T6
I M
W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T73
*Continued on next page. 350 [177] 8–10
B918/B918M − 20a
TABLE 1 Continued
Solution Precipitation
B
Heat Treatment Heat Treatment
Product
Metal Temperature, Quench Temperature, Metal Temperature, Time at
Temper Temper
C,D,V E V
±10 °F [±6 °C] °F [°C] ±10 °F [±6 °C] Temperature, h
A
7075 Alloy (Continued)
I M
Hand forgings W51 225 [107] 6–8 plus T7351
(Continued) 350 [177] 6–8
I M
W52 225 [107] 6–8 plus T7352
350 [177] 6–8
I
W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T74
350 [177] 6–8
U I U U U
870 [466] W52 250 [121] 23–25 T652
I U U U
W 250 [121] 23–25 T62
I U U U
W 225 [107] 6–7 plus T732
U U
350 [177] 8–10
I U U U
W 225 [107] 6–7 plus T7362
U U
325 [163] 16–18
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
I
Rolled rings 860–900 [460–482] 110 [43] max W 250 [121] 24 T6
U I U U U
870 [466] W52 250 [121] 24 T652
A
7116 Alloy
L I
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . W 215 [102] 5 plus T5
profiles, tube, and pipe 330 [166] 5
A
7129 Alloy
L I
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . W 215 [102] 5 plus T5
profiles, tube, and pipe 320 [160] 5
L I
900 [482] 110 [43] max W 215 [102] 5 plus T6
320 [160] 5
A
7175 Alloy
I
Extruded rod, bar, 880–910 [471–488] . . . W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T74
profiles, tube, and pipe 350 [177] 6–8
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
I
Die and hand forgings 880–910 [471–488] 140 [60–71] W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T74
350 [177] 6–8
I
W52 225 [107] 6–8 plus T7452
350 [177] 6–8
I
W 250 [151] 24 T6
A
7475 Alloy
I
Sheet 880–970 [471–521] 140–160 [60–71] W 250 [121] 3 plus T61
320 [160] 3
I
W 250 [121] 3 plus T761
325 [163] 8–10
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
S I
Alclad Sheet 880–970 [471–521] 140–160 [60–71] W 280 [138] 3 T6
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
I
Plate 880–970 [471–521] 140–160 [60–71] W 250 [121] 24 T6
I
W51 240 [116] 24 T651
I M
W51 250 [121] 6–8 plus T7351
325 [163] 24–30
I M
W51 250 [121] 4–8 plus T7651
310 [154] 26–32
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
I
Rod 880–970 [471–521] 140–160 [60–71] W 250 [121] 3 plus T62
325 [163] 3
A 4
For specific aerospace applications, refer to SAE-AMS heat-treating and material specifications.
B
Typical or nominal time at temperature. Actual practice may vary depending on material requirements.
C
Recommended soaking times to achieve specified metal temperature appear in Table 8.
D
Where a temperature range exceeding 20 °F [12 °C] is shown, a temperature within that range shall be selected and adhered to within the ±10 °F [±6 °C] limits. For
solution heat treatment of those 6xxx alloys for which the table specifies a range of 30 °F [17 °C] degrees or more, a range of 30 °F [17 °C] may be used. Limits thus derived
must lie totally within the range specified.
E
Unless otherwise indicated, when material is quenched by total immersion in water, the water should be at room temperature not exceeding 100°F [43°C] at the start
of quenching and suitably cooled to remain below 110 °F [43 °C] during the quenching cycle.
F
For Alclad sheet the maximum temperature is 1000 °F [538 °C].
G
“Tread Plate” is a generic term and includes thicknesses below 0.250 in. [6.35 mm].
H
Upon exiting the solution heat treating furnace, spray quenching may be used on thin sections where substantiated by test results.
I
The “W” (as-quenched) condition is an unstable temper and at room temperature will change due to precipitation hardening.
J
Under some conditions melting can occur when heating 7075 alloy above 900 °F [482 °C] and caution should be exercised to avoid this potential.
K
A heat-up rate to 335 °F [168 °C] should be 25 °F/h [14 °C/h].
L
With suitable control of extruding temperature and quench rate, product may be quenched upon emerging from an extrusion press instead of being furnace heat treated.
M
The aging of aluminum alloy 7075 from any temper to the T73 (applicable to alloy 7075 only) or T76 temper series requires closer than normal controls on aging practice
variables such as time, temperature, heating-up rates, and so forth, for any given item. In addition to the preceding, when aging material in the T6 temper series to the
T73 or T76 temper series, the specific condition of the T6 temper material (such as its property level and other effect of processing variables) is extremely important and
will affect the capability of the re-aged material to conform to the requirements specified for the applicable T73 or T76 temper series.
N
For plate, rod, or bar over 4 in. in thickness or diameter, heat-treat 860 to 910 °F [460 to 488 °C].
O O
This footnote ( ) is unused to avoid confusion.
P
Alternate for sheet under 0.064 in. [0.16 mm].
B918/B918M − 20a
Q Q
This footnote ( ) is unused to avoid confusion.
R
For alcad sheet, 0.020 in. [0.51 mm] and under in thickness, minimum temperature of 850 °F [454 °C] is permissible; for alclad sheet over 0.020 in. [0.51 mm] in
temperature should not exceed 900 °F [482 °C].
S
Alclad sheet maximum temperature of 945 °F [507 °C].
T
There is no temperature requirement for boiling water.
U
When performing response to heat treatment, for example T42/T62, solution and precipitation heat treatment temperatures and times for response to heat treatment
practices are mandatory and shall conform to Table 1 unless otherwise agreed between producer and purchaser. This ensures that the material responds as expected to
heat treatment and will meet material property requirements based on specific defined process temperatures and time.
V
During the heating of a load, until it reaches the selected range, the temperature of the heating medium may exceed the maximum temperature provided that the
temperature of the metal in the load does not exceed the maximum allowable temperature.
W
Refer to ANSI H35.1/H35.1M for explanation of temper designations describing required processing.
AMS2772Heat Treatment ofAluminumAlloy Raw Materi- to prevent adverse radiation effects. The atmosphere in air
als chamber furnaces must be controlled to prevent potential
porosity resulting from solution heat treatment (see Note 1).
3. Terminology
Thesuitabilityoftheatmosphereinanair-chamberfurnacecan
be demonstrated by testing, in accordance with 7.4.2.1, that
3.1 Definitions:
products processed in that furnace are free from heat-treat
3.1.1 Refer to Terminology B881 for definitions of product
induced porosity.
terms used in this practice.
3.2 Definitions of Pyrometry Terms Specific to This Stan-
NOTE 1—Heat-treat induced porosity may lower mechanical properties
dard:
and commonly causes blistering of the surface of the material. The
3.2.1 control sensor, n—sensor connected to the furnace condition is most likely to occur in furnaces in which the products of
combustion contact the work, particularly if the gases are high in water
temperature controller, which may or may not be recording;
vapor or contain compounds of sulfur. In general, the high-strength
also referred to as control thermocouple.
wrought alloys of the 2xxx and 7xxx series are most susceptible.
3.2.2 load sensor, n—sensor that is attached to the produc-
Low-strength and Alclad (two sides) products are practically immune to
this type of damage. Anodic films and proprietary heat-treat coatings are
tion material or a representation of production material, that
also useful in protecting against porosity resulting from solution heat
suppliestemperaturedataoftheproductionmaterialtoprocess
treatment. Surface discoloration is a normal result of solution heat
instrumentation; also referred to as load thermocouple.
treatmentofaluminumalloysandshouldnotbeinterpretedasevidenceof
damage from overheating or as heat-treat induced porosity (see 7.4.2.1).
3.2.3 monitoring sensor, n—sensor connected to the moni-
toringinstrument;alsoreferredtoasmonitoringthermocouple.
4.2.2 Salt baths heat the work rapidly and uniformly. The
temperature of the bath can be closely controlled, an important
3.2.4 test sensor, n—sensor used in conjunction with a test
instrument to perform a system accuracy test or temperature consideration in solution heat treatment of wrought aluminum
alloys. High-temperature oxidation of aluminum is not a
uniformity survey.
problem in salt baths.
3.2.5 working zone—the volume (length, width, height,
diameter, or combinations thereof) and location within the 4.3 Calibration of Control and Recording Instruments—
thermal processing equipment defined by the placement of Instruments used to control, monitor, record and test furnace
temperature sensors from the most recent compliant tempera- temperature shall be calibrated in accordance with Table 2.
ture uniformity survey; loading of the furnace for production
4.3.1 Calibration of controlling, monitoring, or recording
operation shall contain all product within this defined working instruments shall be performed to the manufacturer’s instruc-
zone. tions or, if the manufacturer’s instructions are not used, a
minimum of three simulated sensor inputs shall be used at the
4. Equipment
minimum, midpoint, and maximum of the furnace Qualified
Operating Temperature Range.
4.1 Equivalent Industry Standards Alternatively Fulfilling
4.3.1.1 Calibration of controlling, monitoring, or recording
Pyrometry Requirements:
4.1.1 Compliance to AMS2750 (latest revision) is an instruments shall be performed to the manufacturer’s instruc-
tions or, if the manufacturer’s instructions are not used, a
acceptable alternative for all pyrometry requirements as de-
tailed in Section 4 of this practice. minimum of three simulated sensor inputs shall be used at the
minimum, midpoint, and maximum of the furnace Qualified
4.2 Heating Media—Aluminum alloys are typically heat-
Operating Temperature Range.
treated in air chamber furnaces or molten salt baths; however,
4.4 Temperature-measuring System Accuracy Test Require-
lead baths, oil baths, or fluidized beds may be used.The use of
uncontrolled heating is not permitted. Whichever heating ments:
means are employed, careful evaluation is required to ensure 4.4.1 The field test instrument and sensors (temperature-
that the alloy being heattreated responds properly to heat- sensing element, potentiometer, and cold junction compensa-
treatment and is not damaged by overheating or by the tion combination) shall have been calibrated in accordance
heat-treatment environment. with Table 2 requirements.
4.2.1 Air chamber furnaces may be oil- or gas-fired or may 4.4.2 Calibration of furnace controlling, monitoring, or
be electrically heated. Furnace components that are signifi- recording instrument(s) may be performed with a load in
cantly hotter than the metal should be suitably shielded when process(forasingletemperaturerange)ifthefurnacetempera-
thermally processing metal less than 0.250 in. [6.35 mm] thick ture remains within the processing tolerance and the furnace
B918/B918M − 20a
TABLE 2 Instrument and Sensor Calibration
Calibration Accuracy
Device Maximum Calibration Period Used For: Calibrated Against:
Required
Controlling, monitoring, or Before first use (installation in ±3 °F [±1.7 °C] or ±0.4% of Measuring, recording and
recording sensor equipment) and at least reading, whichever is greater controlling the temperature of
annual thereafter thermal processing
equipment
Load Sensor Before first use ±4 °F [±2.2 °C] or ±0.75% of Measuring, recording and
reading, whichever is greater controlling the temperature of Instruments traceable to the
the material being heat National Institute of
treated Standards and Technology
Field Test Sensor Within last 12 months ±2 °F [±1.1 °C] or ±0.4% of System Accuracy Test (NIST) or equivalent national
reading, whichever is greater standard
Field Test Sensor Within last 12 months ±4 °F [±2.2 °C] or ±0.75% of Temperature Uniformity
reading, whichever is greater Survey (TUS)
Field test Instrument Within last 12 months ±1 °F [±0.6 °C] or ±0.1% of SAT; TUS; Calibration of
reading, whichever is greater Record, Control or Monitoring
Sensors
temperature record is appropriately annotated to indicate that a (2)When two probes are contained in the same protection
calibration occurred, including time and date. tube,theyshallbeofadifferenttypesensor(forexample,Type
Method, calibration accuracy, and frequency requirements K withType N,Type R withType S, etc.) in order to avoid the
for System Accuracy Tests in accordance with Table 3. potential of similar degradation rate. (Note that in order to
4.4.2.1 Probe Method—The accuracy of temperature- allow for a timely transition to this practice, a grace period of
measuring system shall be checked by inserting a calibrated one year from the issuance of this practice following adoption
testtemperature-sensingelementadjacent(nofurtherthan2in. shall be allowed by the end of 2021.)
[50 mm]) to the furnace temperature-sensing element and (3)Use of the comparative Probe Method allows for
reading the test temperature-sensing element with a calibrated reduced SAT frequency as specified in Table 3.
test potentiometer.
4.4.3 NoSATisrequiredformonitoringsystemsthatarenot
4.4.2.2 Comparative Method—A comparison between the
used for acceptance as part of production heat treatment. An
readingofthecontrolsystem(controlinstrument,leadwireand
example is an over-temperature protection system not used for
sensor) and the reading of any permanently installed monitor-
any aspects of control.
ingsystem(instrument,leadwire,andsensor)inthesamework
4.5 Furnace Temperature Uniformity Requirements:
zone. The comparative check is to be performed at or near the
4.5.1 Temperature uniformity surveys shall be performed
original comparison temperature test and be representative of
for each furnace and salt bath to ensure compliance with
normaloperatingtemperatures.TheComparativeMethodshall
temperature uniformity requirements presented herein.
be performed in combination with the Probe Method at the
reduced frequency Probe Method as described in Table 3. 4.5.2 After establishment of thermal equilibrium or a recur-
(1)The monitoring system may include the over tempera- rent temperature pattern, the temperature in the working
ture control system or an alternate probe. (soaking) zone(s), for all furnace control and test sensors, shall
TABLE 3 System Accuracy Test (SAT)
Calibration Accuracy (Maximum SAT
Method Instrumentation of Furnace SAT Frequency
Difference Allowed)
Probe No load sensors or no sensors ±4 °F [±2.2 °C] Weekly (maximum 7 days)
located to represent the hottest and
coldest temperatures based on most
recent temperature uniformity survey
under operating conditions
Probe Load sensors or sensors located to ±4 °F [±2.2 °C] Monthly (maximum 31 days)
represent the hottest and coldest
temperatures based on most recent
temperature uniformity survey under
operating conditions
Probe in conjunction No load sensors or no sensors Comparative Method ±4 °F [±2.2 °C] Weekly (maximum 7 days)
with Comparative Method located to represent the hottest and
Probe ±4 °F [±2.2 °C] Quarterly (maximum 91 days)
coldest temperatures based on most
recent temperature uniformity survey
under operating conditions
Probe in conjunction Load sensors or sensors located to Comparative Method ±4 °F [±2.2 °C] Weekly (maximum 7 days)
with Comparative Method represent the hottest and coldest Probe ±4 °F [±2.2 °C] Semi-annually (maximum 183 days)
temperatures based on most recent
temperature uniformity survey under
operating conditions
B918/B918M − 20a
maintain temperature in the working (soaking) zone(s) within provided that the metal temperature, verified by load sensor,
the allowable ranges defined in Table 4. does not exceed that maximum allowable temperature. This
4.5.3 A new temperature uniformity survey shall be made applies to each step in a multiple step precipitation hardening
after any modification, repair, adjustment, or re-build which (artificial aging) process. The temperature data from the load
alters the temperature uniformity characteristics of the furnace sensor shall be recorded and retained as part of the TUS data
orsaltbathandchangestheeffectivenessoftheheattreatment. package.
Maintenance and repairs to heat treat furnace equipment shall 4.5.8 Batch Furnace Temperature Uniformity Surveys—The
be documented and determination shall be made by the temperature uniformity surveys shall reflect the normal oper-
producer quality/technical organization whether additional ating characteristics of the furnace. If the furnace is normally
testing is required prior to returning equipment back to charged after being stabilized at the correct operating
production. Examples may include but are not limited to: temperature, the test sensors shall be similarly charged. If the
4.5.3.1 Changes to power controls, baffles (air flow pattern furnace is normally charged cold, the test sensors shall be
or velocity), working zone size or location, number of zones, charged cold. After insertion of the test sensors, readings
PLC logic program change to the furnace heat control scheme, should be taken frequently enough to determine when the
etc. temperature of the hottest region of the furnace approaches the
4.5.4 The initial temperature survey shall be made at the bottom of the temperature range being surveyed. From that
maximum and minimum temperature of solution heat treat- timeuntilthermalequilibriumisreached,thetemperatureofall
mentsandprecipitationheattreatmentsforwhicheachfurnace test locations should be determined at a maximum of 2-min
is to be used. Additional temperatures shall be added as intervals in order to detect any overshooting. After thermal
requiredtoensurethatnotwoadjacentsurveytemperaturesare equilibriumisreached,readingsshouldbetakenatamaximum
greater than 200 °F [111 °C] apart for a given operating range. of 5-min intervals, for not less than 30 min, to determine the
At least annually the minimum and maximum of a given recurrenttemperaturepattern.Theresultsofthesesurveysshall
operating range shall be surveyed. demonstratethat (1)themaximumtemperaturevariation(from
4.5.5 Aftertheinitialsurvey,eachfurnaceshallbesurveyed the coldest to the hottest reading) between all test sensors and
at a minimum of one operating temperature for solution heat furnace control sensor(s), is within the applicable temperature
treatment and a minimum of one operating temperature for uniformity range defined in Table 4, and (2) all test sensor
precipitation heat treatment. readings are within the specified heat-treating temperature
4.5.6 During furnace temperature uniformity surveys, sepa- range being surveyed.
rate test sensors shall be used to determine actual temperature 4.5.9 Continuous Furnace Temperature Uniformity
distribution and uniformity. The furnace control sensor(s), in Surveys—The type of survey and the procedures for perform-
the working (soaking) zone(s), shall not be used to determine ing surveys on continuous furnaces shall be established for
the temperature of the test. each particular furnace involved. The types of continuous
4.5.6.1 The field test instrument /recorder used for the heat-treating furnaces vary considerably, depending upon the
temperature uniformity survey shall meet the calibration re- product form and sizes involved. For some types and sizes of
quirements of Table 2. furnaces, the only practical way to survey the furnace is to
4.5.6.2 The number of test sensors and location shall meet perform an extensive mechanical property survey of the
the requirements of Table 5. limiting product sizes to verify conformance with the specified
4.5.7 During the heat-up portion of uniformity tests per- mechanicalpropertiesforsuchsizesandtoverifyconformance
formed on a loaded batch furnace and during the period that a with Table 6. Quarterly (maximum 91 days) furnace tempera-
load is in the heating (heat-up) zone(s) of continuous and ture uniformity surveys should be performed, when physically
semi-continuous furnaces, the temperature of the heating practical, using a minimum of two test sensors attached to the
medium may exceed the maximum of the range being tested material being heat treated. The surveys should reflect the
TABLE 4 Temperature Uniformity Survey (TUS) Temperature Range Requirements
Heat Treatment Type Temperature Uniformity Requirements Frequency
Solution Heat Treatment 30 °F [17 °C] range for furnaces used only for Quarterly (maximum 91 days); Semi-annually
solution heat treatment of those 6xxx alloys in Ta
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B918/B918M − 20 B918/B918M − 20a
Standard Practice for
Heat Treatment of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B918/B918M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice is intended for use in the heat treatment of wrought aluminum alloys for general purpose applications.
1.1.1 The heat treatment of wrought aluminum alloys used in specific aerospace applications is covered in AMS2772.
1.1.2 Heat treatment of aluminum alloy castings for general purpose applications is covered in Practice B917/B917M.
1.2 Times and temperatures appearing in the heat-treatment tables are typical for various forms, sizes, and manufacturing methods
and may not provide the optimum heat treatment for a specific item.
1.3 Some alloys in the 6xxx series may achieve the T4 temper by quenching from within the solution temperature range during
or immediately following a hot working process, such as upon emerging from an extrusion die. Such alternatives to furnace heating
and immersion quenching are indicated in Table 1, by footnote L, for heat treatment of wrought aluminum alloys. However, this
practice does not cover the requirements for a controlled extrusion press or hot rolling mill solution heat treatment; it only covers
the requirements of artificial aging, annealing and associated pyrometry of those processes for products solution heat treated in
accordance with Practices B807/B807M and B947. (Refer to Practice B807/B807M for extrusion press solution heat treatment of
aluminum alloys and to Practice B947 for hot rolling mill solution heat treatment of aluminum alloys and associated pyrometry.)
1.4 Units—The values stated in either Metric or US Customary units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 The following documents, of the issue in effect on the date of material purchase, form a part of this practice to the extent
referenced herein:
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.03 on Aluminum Alloy
Wrought Products.
Current edition approved May 1, 2020Dec. 1, 2020. Published July 2020January 2021. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20172020 as
B918/B918M – 17a.B918/B918M – 20. DOI: 10.1520/B0918_B0918M-20.10.1520/B0918_B0918M-20A.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B918/B918M − 20a
A,W
TABLE 1 Recommended Heat Treatment for Wrought Aluminum Alloys
Solution Precipitation
B
Heat Treatment Heat Treatment
Product
Metal Temperature, Quench Temperature, Metal Temperature, Time at
Temper Temper
C,D,V E V
±10 °F [±6 °C] °F [°C] ±10 °F [±6 °C] Temperature, h
A
2011 Alloy
Cold-finished wire, rod, 945–995 [507–535] 110 [43] max T3 320 [160] 14 T8
and bar T4 . . . . . . . . .
T451 . . . . . . . . .
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Drawn tube and pipe 975 [524] 110 [43] max T3 320 [160] 14 T8
T4511 . . . . . . . . .
A
2014 Alloy
Flat sheet, bare 925–945 [496–507] 110 [43] max T3 . . . . . . . . .
U U U U
or Alclad 935 [502] T42 320 [160] 18–20 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Coiled sheet, bare 925–945 [496–507] 110 [43] max T4 320 [160] 18 T6
U U U U
or Alclad 935 [502] T42 320 [160] 18–20 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Plate, bare or Alclad 925–945 [496–507] 110 [43] max T451 320 [160] 18 T651
U U U U
935 [502] T42 350 [177] 8–9 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Cold-finished wire, rod, 925–945 [496–507] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 9 T6
and bar T451 350 [177] 9 T651
U U U U
935 [502] T42 350 [177] 8–9 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Extruded wire, rod, bar, 925–945 [496–507] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 9 T6
profiles, tube, and pipe T4510 350 [177] 9 T6510
T4511 350 [177] 9 T6511
U U U U
935 [502] T42 350 [177] 8–9 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Drawn tube and pipe 925–945 [496–507] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 9 T6
U U U U
935 [502] T42 350 [177] 8–9 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Die forgings 925–945 [496–507] 140–180 [60–82] T4 350 [177] 9 T6
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Hand forgings and rolled 925–945 [496–507] 140–180 [60–82] T4 350 [177] 9 T6
U U U U
rings 935 [502] T452 350 [177] 10 T652
A
2017 Alloy
Cold-finished wire, rod, 925–950 [496–510] 110 [43] max T4 . . . . . . . . .
and bar T451 . . . . . . . . .
T42 . . . . . . . . .
A
2018 Alloy
T
Die forgings 940–970 [504–521] Boiling Water T4 340 [171] 10 T61
A
2024 Alloy
Flat sheet, bare 910–930 [488–499] 110 [43] max T3 375 [191] 12 T81
U U U U
or Alclad 920 [493] T361 375 [191 8 T861
U U U
T42 375 [191] 9–10 T62
U U U
T42 375 [191] 16–18 T72
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Coiled sheet, bare 910–930 [488–499] 110 [43] max T4 375 [191] 9–10 T6
U U U U
or Alclad 920 [493] T42 375 [191] 9 T62
U U U
T42 375 [191] 16–18 T72
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Plate, bare or Alclad 910–930 [488–499] 110 [43] max T351 375 [191] 12 T851
U U U U
920 [493] T361 375 [191] 8 T861
U U U
T42 375 [191] 9–10 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Cold-finished wire, rod, 910–930 [488–499] 110 [43] max T351 375 [191] 12 T851
and bar T36 . . . . . . . . .
T4 375 [191] 12 T6
U U U U
920 [493] T42 375 [191] 12–13 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Extruded wire, rod, bar, 910–930 [488–499] 110 [43] max T3 375 [191] 12 T81
profiles, tube, and pipe T3510 375 [191] 12 T8510
T3511 375 [191] 12 T8511
U U U U
920 [493] T42 375 [191] 12–13 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Drawn tube and pipe 910–930 [488–499] 110 [43] max T3 375 [191] 12 T8
U U U U
920 [493] T42 375 [191] 9–10 T62
A
2025 Alloy
Die forgings 950–970 [510–521] 140–160 [60–71] T4 350 [177] 9 T6
A
2117 Alloy
Cold-finished, wire 925–950 [496–510] 110 [43] max T4 . . . . . . . . .
or rod
B918/B918M − 20a
TABLE 1 Continued
Solution Precipitation
B
Heat Treatment Heat Treatment
Product
Metal Temperature, Quench Temperature, Metal Temperature, Time at
Temper Temper
C,D,V E V
±10 °F [±6 °C] °F [°C] ±10 °F [±6 °C] Temperature, h
A
2124 Alloy
Plate 910–930 [488–499] 110 [43] max T3 375 [191] 12 T8
T31 370 [188] 12 T8151
T4 375 [191] 9 T6
U U U U
920 [493] T3 375 [191] 12 T82
U U U
T42 375 [191] 10 T62
A
2218 Alloy
T
Die forgings 940–960 [504–516] Boiling Water T4 340 [171] 10 T61
T4 460 [238] 6 T7
U U U U
950 [510] T4 340 [171] 10 T62
U U U
T4 460 [238] 6 T72
A
2219 Alloy
Flat sheet, bare 985–1005 [529–541] 110 [43] max T31 350 [177] 18 T81
or Alclad T37 325 [163] 24 T87
U U U U
995 [535] T42 375 [191] 17–19 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Plate 985–1005 [529–541] 110 [43] max T37 325 [163] 17–19 T87
T351 350 [177] 18 T851
U U U U
995 [535] T42 375 [191] 35–37 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Cold-finished wire, rod, 985–1005 [529–541] 110 [43] max T4 375 [191] 18 T6
and bar T351 375 [191] 18 T851
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Extruded wire, rod, bar, 985–1005 [529–541] 110 [43] max T31 375 [191] 18 T81
profiles, tube, and pipe T3510 375 [191] 18 T8510
T3511 375 [191] 18 T8511
U U U U
995 [535] T42 375 [191] 35–37 T62
U U U
T3 375 [191] 17–19 T82
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Die forgings and rolled 985–1005 [529–541] 110 [43] max T4 375 [191] 26 T6
U U U U
rings 995 [335] T42 375 [191] 25–27 T62
U U U
T352 350 [177] 17–19 T82
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Hand forgings 985–1005 [529–541] 110 [43] max T4 375 [191] 26 T6
U U U U
995 [335] T42 375 [191] 25–27 T62
U U U
T352 350 [177] 17–19 T852
A
2618 Alloy
T
Die, hand, and rolled 975–995 [524–535] Boiling Water T4 390 [199] 20 T61
U U U U
ring forgings 985 [529] T42 390 [199] 19–21 T62
4032 Alloy
Die forgings 940–970 [504–521] 140–180 [60–82] T4 340 [171] 10 T6
U U U U
955 [513] T42 340 [171] 9–11 T62
6005 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . T1 350 [177] 8 T5
profiles, tube, and pipe
6005A Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . T1 350 [177] 8 T5
profiles, tube, and pipe T4 350 [177] 8 T61
A
6013 Alloy
Sheet, bare 1045–1065 [563–574] 110 [43] max T4 375 [191] 4 T6
or 345 [174] 8
U U U U
1000 [538] T42 375 [191] 4–5 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Plate, bare 1020–1050 [549–566] 110 [43] max . . . 345 [174] 8–16 T651
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Cold-finished wire, rod, 1040–1060 [560–571] 110 [43] max . . . 375 [191] 4 T651
and bar . . . 375 [191] 4 T8
A
6020 Alloy
I
Rod, bar & extrusion 1010–1050 [543–566] 110 [43] max W 355 [179] 8–10 T6511
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
I
Wire, rod, & bar 1010–1050 [543–566] 110 [43] max W 355 [179] 8–10 T8
6041 Alloy
Extruded rod, bar, and 1010–1050 [543–566] 110 [43] max T4 350 [176] 8 T6
profiles
T4511 350 [176] 8 T6511
6042 Alloy
Extruded rod, bar, and 1010–1050 [543–566] 110 [43] max T1 350 [176] 8 T5
profiles
T1 350 [176] 8 T5511
B918/B918M − 20a
TABLE 1 Continued
Solution Precipitation
B
Heat Treatment Heat Treatment
Product
Metal Temperature, Quench Temperature, Metal Temperature, Time at
Temper Temper
C,D,V E V
±10 °F [±6 °C] °F [°C] ±10 °F [±6 °C] Temperature, h
A
6053 Alloy
Cold-finished wire and 960–980 [516–527] 110 [43] max T4 355 [179] 8 T61
rod
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Die forgings 960–980 [516–527] 110 [43] max T4 340 [171] 10 T6
U U U U
970 [521] T42 340 [171] 10 T62
A
6061 Alloy
F
Sheet, bare or Alclad 960–1075 [516–579] 110 [43] max T4 320 [160] 18 T6
U U U U
985 [529] T42 350 [177] 8–10 T62
P P,U P,U P,U
T42 320 [160] 17–19 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Plate 960–1075 [516–579] 110 [43] max T451 320 [160] 18 T651
U U U U
985 [529] T42 350 [177] 18 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
G
Tread Sheet and Plate 960–1075 [516–579] 110 [43] max T4 320 [160] 18 T6
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
H
Cold-finished wire, rod, 960–1075 [516–579] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
and bar or 320 [160] 18
T3 340 [171] 8 T89
or 320 [160] 18
T4 350 [177] 8 T94
T451 350 [177] 8 T651
U U U U
985 [529] T42 350 [177] 8–10 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
L
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . T1 350 [177] 8 T51
L H
profiles, tube, and pipe 960–1075 [516–579] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
T4510 350 [177] 8 T6510
T4511 350 [177] 8 T6511
U U U U
985 [529] T42 350 [177] 8–10 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
L H
Structural profiles 960–1075 [516–579] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
L
Drawn tube and pipe 960–1075 [516–579] 110 [43] max T4 320 [160] 18 T6
or 340 [171] 8
U U U U
985 [529] T42 340 [171] 8 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Die and hand forgings 960–1075 [516–579] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
or 340 [171] 10
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Rolled rings 960–1075 [516–579] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
U U U
985 [529] T452 350 [177] 8–10 T652
6063 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, tube, . . . . . . T1 400 [204] 1–2 T5
pipe, and profiles or 360 [182] 3
U U U
T1 400 [204] 1–2 T52
U U
or 360 [182] 3
L H
960–1010 [516–543] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
or 360 [182] 6
U U U U
985 [529] T42 350 [177] 8–10 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
L
Drawn tube and pipe 960–1010 [516–543] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
T3 350 [177] 8 T83
T3 350 [177] 8 T831
T3 350 [177] 8 T832
U U U U
985 [529] T42 350 [177] 8–10 T62
6064 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . T4 350 [177] 8 T6
profiles, tube, and pipe T4511 350 [177] 8 T6511
6066 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, 960–1010 [516–543] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
profiles, tube, and pipe T4510 350 [177] 8 T6510
T4511 350 [177] 8 T6511
U U U U
985 [529] T42 350 [177] 8–10 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Die forgings 960–1010 [516–543] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
6070 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, 1015 [546] 110 [43] max T4 320 [160] 18 T6
U U U
profiles, tube, and pipe T42 320 [160] 18 T62
6082 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, 980 [527] . . . T1 350 [177] 8 T6
L
Extruded rod, bar, 980 [527] . . . T4 350 [177] 8 T6
profiles, tube, and pipe T1 350 [177] 8 T6511
B918/B918M − 20a
TABLE 1 Continued
Solution Precipitation
B
Heat Treatment Heat Treatment
Product
Metal Temperature, Quench Temperature, Metal Temperature, Time at
Temper Temper
C,D,V E V
±10 °F [±6 °C] °F [°C] ±10 °F [±6 °C] Temperature, h
profiles, tube, and pipe T4511 350 [177] 8 T6511
6101 Alloy
L H
Extruded rod, bar, 970 [521] 110 [43] max T4 390 [199] 10 T6
profiles, tube, and pipe T4 440 [227] 5 T61
T4 410 [210] 9 T63
T4 535 [279] 7 T64
T4 430 [221] 3 T65
6105 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . T1 350 [177] 8 T5
profiles, tube, and pipe T4 350 [177] 8 T6
6110 Alloy
Cold-finished wire, rod, 980–1050 [527–566] 110 [43] max T4 380 [193] 8 T9
and bar
6151 Alloy
Die forgings 950–980 [510–527] 110 [43] max T4 340 [171] 10 T6
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Rolled rings 960 [516] 110 [43] max T4 340 [171] 10 T6
U U U
965 [518] T452 340 [171] 10 T652
6162 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . T1 350 [177] 8 T5
profiles, tube, and pipe T1510 350 [177] 8 T5510
T1511 350 [177] 8 T5511
L
980 [527] . . . T4 350 [177] 8 T6
T4510 350 [177] 8 T6510
T45111 350 [177] 8 T6511
6201 Alloy
Wire 950 [510] 110 [43] max T3 320 [160] 4 T81
6262 Alloy
Cold-finished wire, 960–1050 [516–566] 110 [43] max T4 340 [171] 8 T6
rod, and bar T4 340 [171] 8 T9
T451 340 [171] 8 T651
U U U U
1005 [541] T42 340 [171] 8 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
L
Extruded rod, bar, 960–1050 [516–566] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 12 T6
profiles, tube, and pipe T4510 350 [177] 12 T6510
T4511 350 [177] 12 T6511
U U U U
1005 [541] T42 350 [177] 11–13 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Drawn tube and pipe 960–1050 [516–566] 110 [43] max T4 340 [171] 8 T6
T4 340 [171] 8 T9
U U U U
1005 [541] T42 340 [171] 8 T62
6351 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . T1 350 [177] 8 T5
profiles, tube, and pipe 350 [177] 8 T51
L
. . . . . . T11 250 [121] 10 T54
or 350 [177] 8
L H
960–1010 [516–543] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
6463 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . T1 400 [204] 1 T5
profiles, tube, and pipe or 360 [182] 3
L H
970 [521] 110 [43] max T4 350 [177] 8 T6
or 360 [182] 6
7005 Alloy
L
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . T1 room temperature 72 plus T53
and profiles 225 [107] 8 plus
300 [149] 16
A
7049 Alloy
I
Extruded rod, bar, 860-900 [460-482] 110 [43] max W511 room temperature 48 plus T76511
and profiles 250 [121] 24 plus
375 [163] 13
I
W511 room temperature 48 plus T73511
250 [121] 24 plus
330 [166] 17
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
I
Die and hand forgings* 860–900 [460–482] 140–160 [60–71] W room temperature 48 plus T73
250 [121] 8–24
340 [171] 6–16
I
W51 room temperature 8–24 plus T7351
250 [121] 8–24 plus
335 [168] 6–16
U I U U U
875 [468] W52 room temperature 24 plus T7352
B918/B918M − 20a
TABLE 1 Continued
Solution Precipitation
B
Heat Treatment Heat Treatment
Product
Metal Temperature, Quench Temperature, Metal Temperature, Time at
Temper Temper
C,D,V E V
±10 °F [±6 °C] °F [°C] ±10 °F [±6 °C] Temperature, h
U U
250 [121] 8–24 plus
U U
*Continued on next page. 330 [166] 6–16
A
7049 Alloy (Continued)
U I U U U
Die and hand forgings 875 [468] W room temperature 48 min T732
U U
(Continued) 250 [121] 24 min plus
U U
325 [163] 13–14
A
7050 Alloy
I
Plate 880–900 [471–482] 110 [43] max W51 250 [121] 4–24 plus T7351
350 [177] 8–16
I
W51 250 [121] 3–6 plus T7451
325 [163] 24–30
I
W51 250 [121] 3–6 plus T7651
325 [163 12–15
U I U U U
890 [477] W51 250 [121] 6–8 plus T742
U U
350 [177] 6–8
I U U U
W51 250 [121] 6–8 plus T762
U U
350 [177] 6.5–7
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
I
Cold-finished wire, rod 880–900 [471–482] 110 [43] max W 250 [121] 4–24 plus T7
350 [177] 6–12
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
I
Extruded rod, bar, 880–900 [471–482] 110 [43] max W510 250 [121] 24 plus T73510
and profiles 350 [177] 12–15
I
W510 250 [121] 24 plus T74510
340 [171] 8–12
I
W510 250 [121] 3–8 plus T76510
325 [163] 15–18
I
W511 250 [121] 24 plus T73511
350 [177] 12–15
I
W511 250 [121] 24 plus T74511
340 [171] 18–12
I
W511 250 [121] 3–8 plus T76511
325 [163] 15–18
U I U U U
890 [477] W 250 [121] 6–8 plus T732
U U
350 [177] 11.5–12.5
I U U U
W 250 [121] 6–8 plus T742
U U
350 [177] 6–8
I U U U
W 250 [121] 6–8 plus T762
U U
350 [177] 3.5–4.5
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
I
Die forgings & 880–900 [471–482] 140–160 [60–71] W 250 [121] 3–6 plus T74
hand forgings 350 [177] 6–12
I
W51 250 [121] 3–6 plus T7451
350 [177] 6–10
I
W52 250 [121] 3–6 plus T7452
350 [177] 6–10
I
W room temperature 72 plus T6
250 [121] 48
U I U U U
890 [477] W 250 [121] 6–8 plus T742
U U
350 [177] 6–8
I U U U
W 250 [121] 6–8 plus T762
U U
350 [177] 3.5–4.5
A
7075 Alloy
J I
Sheet, bare or Alclad 860–930 [460–499] 110 [43] max W 250 [121] 24 T6
I M
W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T73
325 [163] 24–30
or 225 [107] 6–8 plus
K
335 [168] 14–18
I M
W 250 [121] 3–5 plus T76
325 [163] 15–18
U I U U U
870 [466] W 250 [121] 23–25 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
J,N I
Plate, bare or Alclad* 860–930 [460–499] 110 [43] max W51 250 [121] 24 T651
or 205 [96] 4 plus
315 [157] 8
I M
W51 225 [107] 6–8 plus T7351
325 [163] 24–30
or 225 [107] 6–8 plus
K
335 [168] 14–18
I M
W51 250 [121] 24 T7651
or 250 [121] 3–5 plus
B918/B918M − 20a
TABLE 1 Continued
Solution Precipitation
B
Heat Treatment Heat Treatment
Product
Metal Temperature, Quench Temperature, Metal Temperature, Time at
Temper Temper
C,D,V E V
±10 °F [±6 °C] °F [°C] ±10 °F [±6 °C] Temperature, h
325 [163] 15–18
* Continued on next page.
A
7075 Alloy (Continued)
R,U I U U U
Plate, bare or Alclad* 870 [466] W 250 [121] 23–25 T62
U U
(Continued) or 205 [96] 4 plus
U U
315 [157] 8
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
J,N I
Cold-finished wire, rod, 860–930 [460–499] 110 [43] max W 250 [121] 24 T6
I M
and bar W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T73
350 [177] 8–10
I
W51 250 [121] 24 T651
I M
W51 225 [107] 6–8 plus T7351
350 [177] 8–10
U I U U U
870 [466] W 225 [107] 23–25 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
J,N I
Extruded rod, bar, 860–930 [460–499] 110 [43] max W 250 [121] 24 T6
profiles, tube, and pipe or 210 [99] 5 plus
250 [121] 4 plus
300 [149] 4
I M
W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T73
350 [177] 6–8
or 225 [107] 6–8 plus
K
335 [168] 14–18
I M
W 250 [121] 3–5 plus T76
325 [163] 15–18
or 250 [121] 3–5 plus
320 [160] 18–21
I
W510 250 [121] 24 T6510
or 210 [99] 5 plus
250 [121] 4 plus
300 [149] 4
I M
W510 225 [107] 6–8 plus T73510
350 [177] 6–8
or 225 [107] 6–8 plus
K
335 [168] 14–18 plus
I M
W510 250 [121] 3–5 plus T76510
325 [163] 15–18
or 250 [121] 3–5 plus
320 [160] 18–21
I
W511 250 [121] 24 T6511
or 210 [99] 5 plus
250 [121] 4 plus
300 [149] 4
I M
W511 225 [107] 6–8 plus T73511
350 [177] 6–8
or 225[ 107] 6–8 plus
K
335 [168] 14–18
I M
W511 250 [121] 3–5 plus T76511
325 [163] 15–18
or 225 [107] 3–5 plus
320 [160] 18–21
U I U U U
870 [466] W 250 [121] 23–25 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
I
Drawn tube and pipe 870 [466] 110 [43] max W 250 [121] 24 T6
I M
W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T73
350 [177] 6–8
or 225 [107] 6–8 plus
K
335 [168] 14–18
U I U U U
870 [466] W 250 [121] 23–25 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
I
Die forgings 860–900 [460–482] 140–160 [60–71] W 250 [121] 24 T6
I M
W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T73
350 [177] 8–10
I M
W51 225 [107] 6–8 plus T7351
350 [177] 6–8
I M
W52 225 [107] 6–8 plus T7352
350 [177] 6–8
I
W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T74
350 [177] 6–8
U I U U U
870 [466] W 250 [121] 23–25 T62
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
I
Hand forgings* 860–900 [460–482] 140–160 [60–71] W 250 [121] 24 T6
B918/B918M − 20a
TABLE 1 Continued
Solution Precipitation
B
Heat Treatment Heat Treatment
Product
Metal Temperature, Quench Temperature, Metal Temperature, Time at
Temper Temper
C,D,V E V
±10 °F [±6 °C] °F [°C] ±10 °F [±6 °C] Temperature, h
I M
W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T73
*Continued on next page. 350 [177] 8–10
A
7075 Alloy (Continued)
I M
Hand forgings W51 225 [107] 6–8 plus T7351
(Continued) 350 [177] 6–8
I M
W52 225 [107] 6–8 plus T7352
350 [177] 6–8
I
W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T74
350 [177] 6–8
U I U U U
870 [466] W52 250 [121] 23–25 T652
I U U U
W 250 [121] 23–25 T62
I U U U
W 225 [107] 6–7 plus T732
U U
350 [177] 8–10
I U U U
W 225 [107] 6–7 plus T7362
U U
325 [163] 16–18
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
I
Rolled rings 860–900 [460–482] 110 [43] max W 250 [121] 24 T6
U I U U U
870 [466] W52 250 [121] 24 T652
A
7116 Alloy
L I
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . W 215 [102] 5 plus T5
profiles, tube, and pipe 330 [166] 5
A
7129 Alloy
L I
Extruded rod, bar, . . . . . . W 215 [102] 5 plus T5
profiles, tube, and pipe 320 [160] 5
L I
900 [482] 110 [43] max W 215 [102] 5 plus T6
320 [160] 5
A
7175 Alloy
I
Extruded rod, bar, 880–910 [471–488] . . . W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T74
profiles, tube, and pipe 350 [177] 6–8
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
I
Die and hand forgings 880–910 [471–488] 140 [60–71] W 225 [107] 6–8 plus T74
350 [177] 6–8
I
W52 225 [107] 6–8 plus T7452
350 [177] 6–8
I
W 250 [151] 24 T6
A
7475 Alloy
I
Sheet 880–970 [471–521] 140–160 [60–71] W 250 [121] 3 plus T61
320 [160] 3
I
W 250 [121] 3 plus T761
325 [163] 8–10
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
S I
Alclad Sheet 880–970 [471–521] 140–160 [60–71] W 280 [138] 3 T6
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
I
Plate 880–970 [471–521] 140–160 [60–71] W 250 [121] 24 T6
I
W51 240 [116] 24 T651
I M
W51 250 [121] 6–8 plus T7351
325 [163] 24–30
I M
W51 250 [121] 4–8 plus T7651
310 [154] 26–32
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
I
Rod 880–970 [471–521] 140–160 [60–71] W 250 [121] 3 plus T62
325 [163] 3
A 4
For specific aerospace applications, refer to SAE-AMS heat-treating and material specifications.
B
Typical or nominal time at temperature. Actual practice may vary depending on material requirements.
C
Recommended soaking times to achieve specified metal temperature appear in Table 8.
D
Where a temperature range exceeding 20 °F [12 °C] is shown, a temperature within that range shall be selected and adhered to within the ±10 °F [±6 °C] limits. For
solution heat treatment of those 6xxx alloys for which the table specifies a range of 30 °F [17 °C] degrees or more, a range of 30 °F [17 °C] may be used. Limits thus derived
must lie totally within the range specified.
E
Unless otherwise indicated, when material is quenched by total immersion in water, the water should be at room temperature not exceeding 100°F [43°C] at the start
of quenching and suitably cooled to remain below 110 °F [43 °C] during the quenching cycle.
F
For Alclad sheet the maximum temperature is 1000 °F [538 °C].
G
“Tread Plate” is a generic term and includes thicknesses below 0.250 in. [6.35 mm].
H
Upon exiting the solution heat treating furnace, spray quenching may be used on thin sections where substantiated by test results.
I
The “W” (as-quenched) condition is an unstable temper and at room temperature will change due to precipitation hardening.
J
Under some conditions melting can occur when heating 7075 alloy above 900 °F [482 °C] and caution should be exercised to avoid this potential.
K
A heat-up rate to 335 °F [168 °C] should be 25 °F/h [14 °C/h].
L
With suitable control of extruding temperature and quench rate, product may be quenched upon emerging from an extrusion press instead of being furnace heat treated.
M
The aging of aluminum alloy 7075 from any temper to the T73 (applicable to alloy 7075 only) or T76 temper series requires closer than normal controls on aging practice
variables such as time, temperature, heating-up rates, and so forth, for any given item. In addition to the preceding, when aging material in the T6 temper series to the
T73 or T76 temper series, the specific condition of the T6 temper material (such as its property level and other effect of processing variables) is extremely important and
will affect the capability of the re-aged material to conform to the requirements specified for the applicable T73 or T76 temper series.
N
For plate, rod, or bar over 4 in. in thickness or diameter, heat-treat 860 to 910 °F [460 to 488 °C].
B918/B918M − 20a
O O
This footnote ( ) is unused to avoid confusion.
P
Alternate for sheet under 0.064 in. [0.16 mm].
Q Q
This footnote ( ) is unused to avoid confusion.
R
For alcad sheet, 0.020 in. [0.51 mm] and under in thickness, minimum temperature of 850 °F [454 °C] is permissible; for alclad sheet over 0.020 in. [0.51 mm] in
temperature should not exceed 900 °F [482 °C].
S
Alclad sheet maximum temperature of 945 °F [507 °C].
T
There is no temperature requirement for boiling water.
U
When performing response to heat treatment, for example T42/T62, solution and precipitation heat treatment temperatures and times for response to heat treatment
practices are mandatory and shall conform to Table 1 unless otherwise agreed between producer and purchaser. This ensures that the material responds as expected to
heat treatment and will meet material property requirements based on specific defined process temperatures and time.
V
During the heating of a load, until it reaches the selected range, the temperature of the heating medium may exceed the maximum temperature provided that the
temperature of the metal in the load does not exceed the maximum allowable temperature.
W
Refer to ANSI H35.1/H35.1M for explanation of temper designations describing required processing.
2.2 ASTM Standards:
B557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
B557M Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products (Metric)
B807/B807M Practice for Extrusion Press Solution Heat Treatment for Aluminum Alloys
B881 Terminology Relating to Aluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products
B917/B917M Practice for Heat Treatment of Aluminum-Alloy Castings From All Processes
B947 Practice for Hot Rolling Mill Solution Heat Treatment for Aluminum Alloy Plate
G69 Test Method for Measurement of Corrosion Potentials of Aluminum Alloys
2.3 ANSI Standard:
H35.1/H35.1M Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Aluminum
2.4 SAE Standard:
AMS2750 Pyrometry
AMS2772 Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Raw Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Refer to Terminology B881 for definitions of product terms used in this practice.
3.2 Definitions of Pyrometry Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 control sensor, n—sensor connected to the furnace temperature controller, which may or may not be recording; also referred
to as control thermocouple.
3.2.2 load sensor, n—sensor that is attached to the production material or a representation of production material, that supplies
temperature data of the production material to process instrumentation; also referred to as load thermocouple.
3.2.3 monitoring sensor, n—sensor connected to the monitoring instrument; also referred to as monitoring thermocouple.
3.2.4 test sensor, n—sensor used in conjunction with a test instrument to perform a system accuracy test or temperature uniformity
survey.
3.2.5 working zone—the volume (length, width, height, diameter, or combinations thereof) and location within the thermal
processing equipment defined by the placement of temperature sensors from the most recent compliant temperature uniformity
survey; loading of the furnace for production operation shall contain all product within this defined working zone.
4. Equipment
4.1 Equivalent Industry Standards Alternatively Fulfilling Pyrometry Requirements:
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Aluminum Association, 1400 Crystal Dr., Suite 430, Arlington, VA 22202, http://www.aluminum.org.
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
B918/B918M − 20a
4.1.1 Compliance to AMS2750 (latest revision) is an acceptable alternative for all pyrometry requirements as detailed in Section
4 of this practice.
4.2 Heating Media—Aluminum alloys are typically heat-treated in air chamber furnaces or molten salt baths; however, lead baths,
oil baths, or fluidized beds may be used. The use of uncontrolled heating is not permitted. Whichever heating means are employed,
careful evaluation is required to ensure that the alloy being heattreated responds properly to heat-treatment and is not damaged by
overheating or by the heat-treatment environment.
4.2.1 Air chamber furnaces may be oil- or gas-fired or may be electrically heated. Furnace components that are significantly hotter
than the metal should be suitably shielded when thermally processing metal less than 0.250 in. [6.35 mm] thick to prevent adverse
radiation effects. The atmosphere in air chamber furnaces must be controlled to prevent potential porosity resulting from solution
heat treatment (see Note 1). The suitability of the atmosphere in an air-chamber furnace can be demonstrated by testing, in
accordance with 7.4.2.1, that products processed in that furnace are free from heat-treat induced porosity.
NOTE 1—Heat-treat induced porosity may lower mechanical properties and commonly causes blistering of the surface of the material. The condition is
most likely to occur in furnaces in which the products of combustion contact the work, particularly if the gases are high in water vapor or contain
compounds of sulfur. In general, the high-strength wrought alloys of the 2xxx and 7xxx series are most susceptible. Low-strength and Alclad (two sides)
products are practically immune to this type of damage. Anodic films and proprietary heat-treat coatings are also useful in protecting against porosity
resulting from solution heat treatment. Surface discoloration is a normal result of solution heat treatment of aluminum alloys and should not be interpreted
as evidence of damage from overheating or as heat-treat induced porosity (see 7.4.2.1).
4.2.2 Salt baths heat the work rapidly and uniformly. The temperature of the bath can be closely controlled, an important
consideration in solution heat treatment of wrought aluminum alloys. High-temperature oxidation of aluminum is not a problem
in salt baths.
4.3 Calibration of Control and Recording Instruments—Instruments used to control, monitor, record and test furnace temperature
shall be calibrated in accordance with Table 2.
4.3.1 Calibration of controlling, monitoring, or recording instruments shall be performed to the manufacturer’s instructions or, if
the manufacturer’s instructions are not used, a minimum of three simulated sensor inputs shall be used at the minimum, midpoint,
and maximum of the furnace Qualified Operating Temperature Range.
4.3.1.1 Calibration of controlling, monitoring, or recording instruments shall be performed to the manufacturer’s instructions or,
if the manufacturer’s instructions are not used, a minimum of three simulated sensor inputs shall be used at the minimum, midpoint,
and maximum of the furnace Qualified Operating Temperature Range.
4.4 Temperature-measuring System Accuracy Test Requirements:
4.4.1 The field test instrument and sensors (temperature-sensing element, potentiometer, and cold junction compensation
combination) shall have been calibrated in accordance with Table 2 requirements.
TABLE 2 Instrument and Sensor Calibration
Calibration Accuracy
Device Maximum Calibration Period Used For: Calibrated Against:
Required
Controlling, monitoring, or Before first use (installation in ±3 °F [±1.7 °C] or ±0.4% of Measuring, recording and
recording sensor equipment) and at least reading, whichever is greater controlling the temperature of
annual thereafter thermal processing
equipment
Load Sensor Before first use ±4 °F [±2.2 °C] or ±0.75% of Measuring, recording and
reading, whichever is greater controlling the temperature of Instruments traceable to the
the material being heat
National Institute of
treated Standards and Technology
Field Test Sensor Within last 12 months ±2 °F [±1.1 °C] or ±0.4% of System Accuracy Test (NIST) or equivalent national
reading, whichever is greater standard
Field Test Sensor Within last 12 months ±4 °F [±2.2 °C] or ±0.75% of Temperature Uniformity
reading, whichever is greater Survey (TUS)
Field test Instrument Within last 12 months ±1 °F [±0.6 °C] or ±0.1% of SAT; TUS; Calibration of
reading, whichever is greater Record, Control or Monitoring
Sensors
B918/B918M − 20a
4.4.2 Calibration of furnace controlling, monitoring, or recording instrument(s) may be performed with a load in process (for a
single temperature range) if the furnace temperature remains within the processing tolerance and the furnace temperature record
is appropriately annotated to indicate that a calibration occurred, including time and date.
Method, calibration accuracy, and frequency requirements for System Accuracy Tests in accordance with Table 3.
4.4.2.1 Probe Method—The accuracy of temperature-measuring system shall be checked by inserting a calibrated test
temperature-sensing element adjacent (no further than 2 in. [50 mm]) to the furnace temperature-sensing element and reading the
test temperature-sensing element with a calibrated test potentiometer.
4.4.2.2 Comparative Method—A comparison between the reading of the control system (control instrument, leadwire and sensor)
and the reading of any permanently installed monitoring system (instrument, leadwire, and sensor) in the same work zone. The
comparative check is to be performed at or near the original comparison temperature test and be representative of normal operating
temperatures. The Comparative Method shall be performed in combination with the Probe Method at the reduced frequency Probe
Method as described in Table 3.
(1) The monitoring system may include the over temperature control system or an alternate probe.
(2) When two probes are contained in the same protection tube, they shall be of a different type sensor (for example, Type K
with Type N, Type R with Type S, etc.) in order to avoid the potential of similar degradation rate. (Note that in order to allow for
a timely transition to this practice, a grace period of one year from the issuance of this practice following adoption shall be allowed
by the end of 2021.)
(3) Use of the comparative Probe Method allows for reduced SAT frequency as specified in Table 3.
4.4.3 No SAT is required for monitoring systems that are not used for acceptance as part of production heat treatment. An example
is an over-temperature protection system not used for any aspects of control.
4.5 Furnace Temperature Uniformity Requirements:
4.5.1 Temperature uniformity surveys shall be performed for each furnace and salt bath to ensure compliance with temperature
uniformity requirements presented herein.
4.5.2 After establishment of thermal equilibrium or a recurrent temperature pattern, the temperature in the working (soaking)
zone(s), for all furnace control and test sensors, shall maintain temperature in the working (soaking) zone(s) within the allowable
ranges defined in Table 4.
4.5.3 A new temperature uniformity survey shall be made after any modification, repair, adjustment, or re-build which alters the
temperature uniformity characteristics of the furnace or salt bath and changes the effectiveness of the heat treatment. Maintenance
and repairs to heat treat furnace equipment shall be documented and determination shall be made by the producer quality/technical
organization whether additional testing is required prior to returning equipment back to production. Examples may include but are
not limited to:
TABLE 3 System Accuracy Test (SAT)
Calibration Accuracy (Maximum SAT
Method Instrumentation of Furnace SAT Frequency
Difference Allowed)
Probe No load sensors or no sensors ±4 °F [±2.2 °C] Weekly (maximum 7 days)
located to represent the hottest and
coldest temperatures based on most
recent temperature uniformity survey
under operating conditions
Probe Load sensors or sensors located to ±4 °F [±2.2 °C] Monthly (maximum 31 days)
represent the hottest and coldest
temperatures based on most recent
temperature uniformity survey under
operating conditions
Probe in conjunction No load sensors or no sensors Comparative Method ±4 °F [±2.2 °C] Weekly (maximum 7 days)
with Comparative Method located to represent the hottest and Probe ±4 °F [±2.2 °C] Quarterly (maximum 91 days)
coldest temperatures based on most
recent temperature uniformity survey
under operating conditions
Probe in conjunction Load sensors or sens
...