ASTM D3501-05a(2018)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Wood-Based Structural Panels in Compression
Standard Test Methods for Wood-Based Structural Panels in Compression
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These methods determine the compressive strength of structural panels in response to stresses acting in the plane of the panel.
3.2 Method A—This method is applicable to structural panels of uniform properties within a panel. It is useful for evaluating plywood of clear, straight-grained veneers, and determining the effect of chemical or preservative treatments, construction, principal direction with respect to direction of stress, and other variables that are expected to uniformly influence the panel.
3.3 Method B:
3.3.1 The compressive properties obtained by this method are a reliable approximation of the strength of a full-size panel, and are intended for use in design.
3.3.2 The compressive properties are influenced by buckling; however, this effect can be eliminated in this test by restraining the edges of the specimens.
3.4 It is recommended that where comparisons are to be made, that the same method and specimen size be used throughout. This is because the volume of material included in a test specimen can influence the compressive strength regardless of whether the material properties are uniform throughout the sheet or vary widely due to the presence of growth or manufacturing features.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the compression properties of wood-based structural panels. Wood-based structural panels in use include plywood, waferboard, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.
1.2 Method A, Compression Test for Small Specimens—This method is applicable to small specimens that are uniform with respect to elastic and strength properties. Two types of compression tests are employed: one to evaluate both elastic and compressive strength properties, and the second to evaluate maximum compressive strength only.
1.3 Method B, Compression Test for Large Specimens—This method employs large specimens and responds well to manufacturing variables and growth characteristics that influence compression properties of structural panels.
1.3.1 This method is intended for the following:
1.3.1.1 Comparative tests of structural panels,
1.3.1.2 Evaluating the effects of moisture content on strength properties of structural panels,
1.3.1.3 Determining the strength properties of structural panels, and
1.3.1.4 Evaluating the effects of raw material and manufacturing variables on compression properties of structural panels.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3501 − 05a (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Methods for
Wood-Based Structural Panels in Compression
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3501; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
compression properties of wood-based structural panels.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Wood-based structural panels in use include plywood,
waferboard, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer
2. Referenced Documents
and of wood-based layers.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 Method A, Compression Test for Small Specimens—This
D2395 TestMethodsforDensityandSpecificGravity(Rela-
method is applicable to small specimens that are uniform with
tive Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
respect to elastic and strength properties. Two types of com-
D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
pression tests are employed: one to evaluate both elastic and
ment of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
compressive strength properties, and the second to evaluate
maximum compressive strength only.
3. Significance and Use
1.3 Method B, Compression Test for Large Specimens—This
3.1 These methods determine the compressive strength of
method employs large specimens and responds well to manu-
structural panels in response to stresses acting in the plane of
facturing variables and growth characteristics that influence
the panel.
compression properties of structural panels.
3.2 Method A—This method is applicable to structural
1.3.1 This method is intended for the following:
panels of uniform properties within a panel. It is useful for
1.3.1.1 Comparative tests of structural panels,
evaluating plywood of clear, straight-grained veneers, and
1.3.1.2 Evaluating the effects of moisture content on
determining the effect of chemical or preservative treatments,
strength properties of structural panels,
construction, principal direction with respect to direction of
1.3.1.3 Determining the strength properties of structural
stress, and other variables that are expected to uniformly
panels, and
influence the panel.
1.3.1.4 Evaluating the effects of raw material and manufac-
3.3 Method B:
turing variables on compression properties of structural panels.
3.3.1 The compressive properties obtained by this method
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
are a reliable approximation of the strength of a full-size panel,
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
and are intended for use in design.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.3.2 The compressive properties are influenced by buck-
and are not considered standard.
ling; however, this effect can be eliminated in this test by
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
restraining the edges of the specimens.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.4 It is recommended that where comparisons are to be
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
made, that the same method and specimen size be used
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
throughout. This is because the volume of material included in
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
a test specimen can influence the compressive strength regard-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
less of whether the material properties are uniform throughout
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the sheet or vary widely due to the presence of growth or
manufacturing features.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D3501 – 05a(2011). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D3501-05AR18. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3501 − 05a (2018)
4. Control of Moisture Content 7.2.4 The end surfaces of the specimen shall be smooth and
parallel to each other and at right angles to the length.
4.1 Condition structural panel samples to be tested at a
specific moisture content or relative humidity to approximate
8. Evaluation of Both Compressive Strength and Elastic
constant weight in controlled atmospheric conditions before
Properties
testing. For panels used under dry conditions, a relative
humidityof65 62 %atatemperatureof68 66°F(20 63°C) 8.1 Support laterally test specimens ⁄4 in. (6 mm) or less in
is preferred. thickness intended for use in obtaining load deformation data
to prevent buckling during the test, but do not exert undue
5. Variables Influencing the Compressive Properties of pressure against the sides of the specimen. This support shall
Structural Panels not measurably restrain the normal compressive deformation
under load. A satisfactory method of providing lateral support
5.1 Moisture Content—Cut a moisture content sample hav-
2 2
is illustrated in Fig. 1, and a detailed design of this apparatus
ing minimum area of 2 in. (13 cm ) from the clear areas of the
is shown in Fig. 2.
specimen and weigh immediately after each test. Moisture
content samples from large specimens of Method B shall have
2 2 9. Loading Procedure
minimum area of 8 in. (52 cm ). If inspection of the edges of
a plywood panel reveals the presence of a knot in any ply, 9.1 Apply the load through a spherical bearing block pref-
select a second sample. Moisture content samples also serving erablyofthesuspended,self-aligningtype.Applytheloadwith
as specific gravity samples shall be free of voids. Moisture a continuous motion of the movable head so as to cause failure
content determinations shall be made in accordance with Test within 3 to 10 min after initiation of loading. A rate of 0.003
in./in. (mm/mm) of length of the specimen per minute within a
Methods D4442.
permissible variation of 625 % has usually proved satisfac-
5.2 Specific Gravity—Determine specific gravity in accor-
tory.
dance with Test Methods D2395. The specimen may be the
same as that for moisture content determination but must have 9.2 Measure the elapsed time from initiation of loading to
3 3
volume of at least 1 in. (16 cm ) if from small specimens, and maximum load and record to the nearest ⁄2 min.
3 3
at least 3 in. (49 cm ) if from large specimens, and be free of
visible knots or voids.
10. Load-Deformation Curves
10.1 Take data for load-deformation curves to determine the
METHOD A—COMPRESSION TEST
modulus of elasticity and the proportional limit. Choose
FOR SMALL SPECIMENS
increments of load so that not less than 12 readings of load and
deformation are taken to the proportional limit. Read the
6. Direction of Grain, Fibers, or Layers
deformation to the nearest 0.0001 in. (0.002 mm). Attach
6.1 The direction of the individual plies, laminations, or
compressometers over the central portion of the length of the
layers shall be parallel, perpendicular, or inclined at any other
specimen with the points of attachment not less than ⁄4 in. (18
required angle to the length of the test specimen.
mm) from the specimen ends. Fig. 3 shows a type of Lamb’s
roller compressometer, with a 2-in. (50-mm) gage length is
7. Test Specimen
suitable for specimens 3 ⁄2 to 6 in. (90 to 150 mm) in length.A
suitable arrangement of a Martin’s mirror having a 2-in.
7.1 The test specimen shall be rectangular in cross section.
(50-mm) gage length for measuring deformations of laterally
The thickness, width, and length of each specimen shall be
supported specimens is illustrated in Fig. 1.
measured to an accuracy of not less than 60.3 % or 0.001 in.
(0.02 mm), whichever is larger.
11. Alternative Test for Evaluation of Maximum
7.2 When tests to evaluate both elast
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