ASTM D5744-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Laboratory Weathering of Solid Materials Using a Humidity Cell
Standard Test Method for Laboratory Weathering of Solid Materials Using a Humidity Cell
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The laboratory weathering procedure will generate data that can be used to: (1) determine whether a solid material will produce an acidic, alkaline, or neutral effluent, (2) identify solutes in the effluent that represent dissolved weathering products formed during a specified period of time, (3) determine the mass of solute release, and (4) determine the rate at which solutes are released (from the solids into the effluent) under the closely controlled conditions of the test.
Data generated by the laboratory weathering procedure can be used to address the following objectives: (1) determine the variation of drainage quality as a function of compositional variations (for example, iron sulfide and calcium+magnesium carbonate contents) within individual mine-rock lithologies, (2) determine the amount of NP accessible in a mine-rock sample to neutralize acid and maintain drainage pH≥6.0 under the conditions of the test, (3) estimate mine-rock weathering rates to aid in predicting the environmental behavior of mine rock, and (4) determine mine-rock weathering rates to aid in experimental design of site-specific kinetic tests.
The laboratory-weathering procedure provides conditions conducive to oxidation of solid material constituents and enhances the transport of weathering reaction products contained in the resulting weekly effluent. This is accomplished by controlling the exposure of the solid material sample to such environmental parameters as reaction environment temperature and application rate of water and oxygen.
Because efficient removal of reaction products is vital to track mineral dissolution rates during the procedure, laboratory leach volumes are large per unit mass of rock to promote the rinsing of weathering-reaction products from the mine-rock sample. A comparison of laboratory kinetic tests with field tests has shown that more reaction products from mineral dissolution are consistently released per unit weight and unit time in laboratory weatherin...
SCOPE
1.1 This kinetic test method covers a laboratory weathering procedure that (1) enhances reaction-product transport in the aqueous leach of a solid material sample of specified mass, and (2) measures rates of weathering-product mass release. Soluble weathering products are mobilized by a fixed-volume aqueous leach that is performed and collected weekly. Leachate samples are analyzed for pH, alkalinity/acidity, specific conductance, sulfate, and other selected analytes.
1.1.1 This test method is intended for use to meet kinetic testing regulatory requirements for mining waste rock and ores sized to pass a 6.3-mm (0.25-in.) Tyler screen.
1.1.2 Interlaboratory testing of this method has been confined to mine waste rock. Application of this test method to metallurgical-processing waste (for example, mill tailings) is outside the scope of the test method.
1.2 This test method is a modification of a laboratory weathering procedure developed originally for mining wastes (1-3). However, it may have useful application wherever gaseous oxidation coupled with aqueous leaching are important mechanisms for contaminant mobility.
1.3 This test method calls for the weekly leaching of a well-characterized solid material sample (weighing at least 1000-g), with water of specified purity, and the collection and chemical characterization of the resulting leachate. Test duration is determined by the user’s objectives of the test.
1.4 As described, this test method may not be suitable for some materials containing plastics, polymers, or refined metals. These materials may be resistant to traditional particle size reduction methods.
1.5 Additionally, this test method has not been tested for applicability to organic substances and volatile matter.
1.6 This test method is not intended to provide leachates that are identical to the actual leachate produced from a solid material in the field or to produce leachates to be used as the so...
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Designation: D5744 − 12
StandardTest Method for
Laboratory Weathering of Solid Materials Using a Humidity
1
Cell
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5744; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 This test method is not intended to provide leachates
that are identical to the actual leachate produced from a solid
1.1 This kinetic test method covers a laboratory weathering
material in the field or to produce leachates to be used as the
procedure that (1) enhances reaction-product transport in the
sole basis of engineering design.
aqueousleachofasolidmaterialsampleofspecifiedmass,and
(2)measuresratesofweathering-productmassrelease.Soluble 1.7 Thistestmethodisnotintendedtosimulatesite-specific
leaching conditions. It has not been demonstrated to simulate
weathering products are mobilized by a fixed-volume aqueous
leachthatisperformedandcollectedweekly.Leachatesamples actualdisposalsiteleachingconditions.Furthermore,thetestis
not designed to produce effluents that are in chemical equilib-
are analyzed for pH, alkalinity/acidity, specific conductance,
sulfate, and other selected analytes. rium with the solid phase sample.
1.1.1 This test method is intended for use to meet kinetic
1.8 This test method is intended to describe the procedure
testingregulatoryrequirementsforminingwasterockandores
for performing the laboratory weathering of solid materials. It
sized to pass a 6.3-mm (0.25-in.) Tyler screen.
does not describe all types of sampling and analytical require-
1.1.2 Interlaboratory testing of this method has been con-
ments that may be associated with its application.
fined to mine waste rock. Application of this test method to
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
metallurgical-processing waste (for example, mill tailings) is
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
outside the scope of the test method.
standard.
1.2 This test method is a modification of a laboratory
1.9.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for
weathering procedure developed originally for mining
information only.
2
wastes(1-3). However, it may have useful application wher-
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ever gaseous oxidation coupled with aqueous leaching are
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
important mechanisms for contaminant mobility.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.3 This test method calls for the weekly leaching of a priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
well-characterized solid material sample (weighing at least bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1000-g), with water of specified purity, and the collection and
chemical characterization of the resulting leachate. Test dura-
2. Referenced Documents
tion is determined by the user’s objectives of the test.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.4 As described, this test method may not be suitable for
D75Practice for Sampling Aggregates
some materials containing plastics, polymers, or refined met- D276Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in Textiles
als.Thesematerialsmayberesistanttotraditionalparticlesize
D420GuidetoSiteCharacterizationforEngineeringDesign
4
reduction methods. and Construction Purposes (Withdrawn 2011)
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1.5 Additionally, this test method has not been tested for
Fluids
applicability to organic substances and volatile matter.
D737Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
D1067Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.04 on Waste
3
Leaching Techniques. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5744-07. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5744-12. the ASTM website.
2 4
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
this standard. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5744 − 12
D1125Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resis- convert the res
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D5744–07 Designation:D5744–12
Standard Test Method for
Laboratory Weathering of Solid Materials Using a Humidity
1
Cell
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5744; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Editorial corrections made in April 2010.
1. Scope
1.1 This kinetic test method covers a laboratory weathering procedure that (1) enhances reaction-product transport in the
aqueous leach of a solid material sample of specified mass, and (2) measures rates of weathering-product mass release. Soluble
weatheringproductsaremobilizedbyafixed-volumeaqueousleachthatisperformedandcollectedweekly.Leachatesamplesare
analyzed for pH, alkalinity/acidity, specific conductance, sulfate, and other selected analytes.
1.1.1 This test method is intended for use to meet kinetic testing regulatory requirements for mining waste rock and ores sized
to pass a 6.3-mm (0.25-in.) Tyler screen.
1.1.2 Interlaboratory testing of this method has been confined to mine waste rock. Application of this test method to
metallurgical-processing waste (for example, mill tailings) is outside the scope of the test method.
2
1.2 This test method is a modification of a laboratory weathering procedure developed originally for mining wastes (1-3).
However, it may have useful application wherever gaseous oxidation coupled with aqueous leaching are important mechanisms
for contaminant mobility.
1.3 Thistestmethodcallsfortheweeklyleachingofawell-characterizedsolidmaterialsample(weighingatleast1000-g),with
water of specified purity, and the collection and chemical characterization of the resulting leachate.Test duration is determined by
the user’s objectives of the test.
1.4 Asdescribed,thistestmethodmaynotbesuitableforsomematerialscontainingplastics,polymers,orrefinedmetals.These
materials may be resistant to traditional particle size reduction methods.
1.5 Additionally, this test method has not been tested for applicability to organic substances and volatile matter.
1.6 This test method is not intended to provide leachates that are identical to the actual leachate produced from a solid material
in the field or to produce leachates to be used as the sole basis of engineering design.
1.7 Thistestmethodisnotintendedtosimulatesite-specificleachingconditions.Ithasnotbeendemonstratedtosimulateactual
disposal site leaching conditions. Furthermore, the test is not designed to produce effluents that are in chemical equilibrium with
the solid phase sample.
1.8 This test method is intended to describe the procedure for performing the laboratory weathering of solid materials to
generate leachates. materials. It does not describe all types of sampling and analytical requirements that may be associated with
its application.
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.9.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD34onWasteManagementandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD34.01.04onWasteLeaching
Techniques.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D5744-96(2001). DOI:
10.1520/D5744-07.
CurrenteditionapprovedFeb.15,2012.PublishedJuly2012.Originallyapprovedin1996.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2007asD5744-07.DOI:10.1520/D5744-12.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D5744–12
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