ASTM D4878-15

Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity of Polyols

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are suitable for research or as quality control or specification tests.  
4.2 Viscosity measures the resistance of a fluid to uniformly continuous flow without turbulence or other forces.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods (A and B) determine the viscosity of polyols in the range from 10 to 100 000 mPa·s(cP) at 25°C. Test Method A is a rotational procedure for determining dynamic viscosity. Test Method B is a general procedure for kinematic viscosity of transparent polyols. (See Note 1.)  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other equivalent units are provided because of current common usage.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Test Method A is equivalent to ISO 3219. Test Method B is equivalent to ISO 3104.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2015
• ICS: 83.040.30 - Auxiliary materials and additives for plastics
• ICS: 83.080.20 - Thermoplastic materials
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.22 - Cellular Materials - Plastics and Elastomers

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4878 − 15
Standard Test Methods for
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity of
1
Polyols
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4878; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* culation of Dynamic Viscosity
ISO 3219 Plastics—Polymers/Resins in the Liquid State of
1.1 These test methods (A and B) determine the viscosity of
as Emulsions or Dispersions—Determination of Viscosity
polyols in the range from 10 to 100 000 mPa·s(cP) at 25°C.
Using a Rotational Viscometer with Defined Shear Rate
Test Method A is a rotational procedure for determining
dynamic viscosity. Test Method B is a general procedure for
3. Terminology
kinematic viscosity of transparent polyols. (See Note 1.)
3.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods see
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Terminology D883.
standard. Other equivalent units are provided because of
current common usage.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 These test methods are suitable for research or as quality
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
control or specification tests.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 Viscosity measures the resistance of a fluid to uniformly
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
continuous flow without turbulence or other forces.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Sampling
NOTE 1—Test Method A is equivalent to ISO 3219. Test Method B is
equivalent to ISO 3104.
5.1 Polyester and polyether polyols contain molecules cov-
ering an appreciable range of molecular weights. These can
2. Referenced Documents
fractionate during solidification. Unless the material is a finely
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ground solid it is necessary to melt (using no higher tempera-
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
ture than necessary) and mix the polyol well before removing
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
a sample for analysis. Many polyols are hygroscopic and care
ity)
should be taken to provide minimum exposure to atmospheric
D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass
moisture during the sampling.
Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics TEST METHOD A—ROTATIONAL VISCOSITY
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
6. Summary of Test Method
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
3
2.2 ISO Standards: 6.1 The viscosity is measured by determining the torque on
ISO 3104 Petroleum Products—Transparent and Opaque a spindle rotating at constant speed in the liquid sample at
Liquids—Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and Cal- 25 6 0.1°C. Generation of comparative data using this method
requires agreement on the speed, spindle, temperature, time of
rotation, and torque range of the instrument used.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular
7. Apparatus
Materials - Plastics and Elastomers.
7.1 Constant-Temperature Bath, capable of maintaining a
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4878 - 08. DOI:
temperature of 25 6 0.1°C is to be used. Water, water and
10.1520/D4878-15.
glycerin, or oil is used as the heating medium and the bath is
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
to be provided with heating, circulating, and thermostatting
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on devices.
the ASTM website.
3 7.2 Bath and Sample Thermometers, graduated in 0.1°C
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. subdivisions and standardized for the range of use to the
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4878 − 15
nearest 0.01°C. ASTM Saybolt Viscosity Thermometers hav- mark on the viscometer spindle. Cover the container and
ing ranges from 19 to 27°C and 49 to 57°C, as specified, and immerse it to the sample level in a constant temperature bath.
conforming to the requirements for Thermometers S117C and Stir occasionally without trap
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4878 − 08 D4878 − 15
Standard Test Methods for
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity of
1
Polyols
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4878; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 These test methods (A and B) determine the viscosity of polyols in the range from 10 to 100 000 mPa·s(cP) at 25°C or at
50°C. 25°C. Test Method A also applies to more viscous samples that are soluble in is a rotational procedure for determining
dynamic viscosity. n-butyl acetate. Test Method B is simply a reference to a a general procedure for kinematic viscosity,viscosity
D445. of transparent polyols. (See Note 1.)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other equivalent units are provided because of current
common usage.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard for Test Method A although ISO 3219 is similar.is equivalent to ISO 3219. Test Method B is equivalent
to ISO 3104.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
E1E2251 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersLiquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard
Precision Liquids
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 3104 ISO 3104 Petroleum Products—Transparent and Opaque Liquids—Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and
Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity
ISO 3219 ISO 3219 Plastics—Polymers/Resins in the Liquid State of as Emulsions or Dispersions—Determination of Viscosity
Using a Rotational Viscometer with Defined Shear Rate
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods see Terminology D883.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods are suitable for research or as quality control or specification tests.
4.2 Viscosity measures the resistance of a fluid to uniformly continuous flow without turbulence or other forces.
5. Sampling
5.1 PolyestersPolyester and polyethers usuallypolyether polyols contain molecules covering an appreciable range of molecular
weights. These have a tendency to can fractionate during solidification. Unless the material is a finely ground solid it is necessary
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials - Plastics
and Elastomers.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008May 1, 2015. Published November 2008June 2015. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
D4878 - 03.D4878 - 08. DOI: 10.1520/D4878-08.10.1520/D4878-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4878 − 15
to melt (using no higher temperature than necessary) and mix the resinpolyol well before removing a sample for analysis. Many
polyols are hygroscopic and care should be taken to provide minimum exposure to atmospheric moisture during the sampling.
TEST METHOD A—BROOKFIELDA—ROTATIONAL VISCOSITY
6. Summary of Test Method
6.1 The viscosity of resins is measured by determining the torque on a spindle rotating at constant speed in the liquid sample
which is adjusted to 25 6 0.1°C. Samples with viscosities exceeding 100 000 mPa·s(cP) at 50°C are dissolved inat 25 6 0.1°C.
Generation of comparative data using this method requires agreement on the nspeed,-butyl aceta
...