Standard Test Method for Facing Cleavage of Sandwich Panels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method determines the cleavage force required to peel stiff facings from the core of sandwich panels, and is used to determine how well the facing is bonded to the core. Test Method D1781 only works well with flexible facings. As a guideline, the cleavage test method would work better on sandwich panels that have facings with a bending stiffness (EI) of greater than approximately 27.3 lbs-in2/inch width (3.09 kN·mm2/mm width). This converts to approximately 0.032 in. (0.81 mm) 6061 T6 aluminum alloy, 0.023 in. (0.57 mm) steel, and 0.046 in. (1.18 mm) fiberglass facings.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cleavage force to peel stiff facings from sandwich panels.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2004 − 10
Standard Test Method for
1
Facing Cleavage of Sandwich Panels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.3 core failure—failure that is completely within the core
material and is comprised of a tearing or rupture of the core
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cleav-
material with no evidence of interfacial disbonding between
age force to peel stiff facings from sandwich panels.
the core and the adhesive, within the adhesive itself, or
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
between the adhesive and the facing.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.1.4 mixed-mode failure—failure that shows evidence of
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
more than one of the three failure modes described above.
and are not considered standard.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Visually estimate and report the per-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
centofthetotalfailuresurfaceareathatiscoveredbyeachtype
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of failure.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 This test method determines the cleavage force required
to peel stiff facings from the core of sandwich panels, and is
2. Referenced Documents
used to determine how well the facing is bonded to the core.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Test Method D1781 only works well with flexible facings. As
D1781 Test Method for Climbing Drum Peel for Adhesives
a guideline, the cleavage test method would work better on
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
sandwich panels that have facings with a bending stiffness (EI)
2
of greater than approximately 27.3 lbs-in /inch width (3.09
3. Terminology
2
kN·mm /mm width). This converts to approximately 0.032 in.
3.1 Definitions:
(0.81 mm) 6061 T6 aluminum alloy, 0.023 in. (0.57 mm) steel,
3.1.1 adhesive failure—failure that is completely within the
and 0.046 in. (1.18 mm) fiberglass facings.
adhesive layer with no evidence of interfacial disbonding
between the core and the adhesive, between the adhesive and
5. Apparatus
the facing, and no evidence of tearing or rupture within the
5.1 Test Machine, capable of maintaining a controlled load-
core.
ing rate and indicating the load with an accuracy of 61%of
3.1.2 bond failure—failure that is interfacial and is either (a)
the indicated value. The accuracy of the test machine shall be
between the adhesive and the core, or (b) between the adhesive
verified in accordance with Practices E4.
and the facing; no core or adhesive failure will be in evidence
5.2 Deflectometer, capable of measuring the displacement
in this type of failure.
with a precision of at least 610 %.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—If bond failure occurs it should be
specified as to whether it is type (a)or(b).
5.3 Micrometer gage or caliper, capable of measuring
accurately to 0.01 in. (0.25 mm).
1
6. Test Specimen
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.53
6.1 The test specimen shall be from the sandwich panel
on Materials and Processes for Durable Rigidwall Relocatable Structures.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originally being evaluated.
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E2004 – 04. DOI:
6.2 Prepare the specimen according to the dimensions
10.1520/E2004-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or specified in Fig. 1.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.3 Theloadingblocksshallbebondedtothespecimenwith
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. an adhesive or attached with pop-rivets. See Fig. 2.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E2004 − 10
FIG. 1 Cleavage Test Specimen
temperature of 73 6 5°F (23 6 3°C) and a relative humidity of
30 6 5 % are recommended.
8. Procedure
8.1 Mount the specimen in the loading blocks with pins so
the loading blocks are free to swivel during the load applica-
tion.
8.2 Apply the load to t
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2004–04 Designation:E2004–10
Standard Test Method for
1
Facing Cleavage of Sandwich Panels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cleavage force to peel stiff facings from sandwich panels.
1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parenthesis may be
approximate, and are for information only.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1781 Test Method for Climbing Drum Peel for Adhesives
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 adhesive failure—failure that is completely within the adhesive layer with no evidence of interfacial disbonding between
the core and the adhesive, between the adhesive and the facing, and no evidence of tearing or rupture within the core.
3.1.2 bond failure—failure that is interfacial and is either (a) between the adhesive and the core, or (b) between the adhesive
and the facing; no core or adhesive failure will be in evidence in this type of failure.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—If bond failure occurs it should be specified as to whether it is type (a)or( b).
3.1.3 core failure—failure that is completely within the core material and is comprised of a tearing or rupture of the core
material with no evidence of interfacial disbonding between the core and the adhesive, within the adhesive itself, or between the
adhesive and the facing.
3.1.4 mixed-mode failure—failure that shows evidence of more than one of the three failure modes described above.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Visually estimate and report the percent of the total failure surface area that is covered by each type of
failure.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method determines the cleavage force required to peel stiff facings from the core of sandwich panels, and is used
to determine how well the facing is bonded to the core. Test Method D1781 only works well with flexible facings.As a guideline,
the cleavage test method would work better on sandwich panels that have facings with a bending stiffness (EI) of greater than
2 2
approximately 27.3 lbs-in /inch width (3.09 kN·mm /mm width). This converts to approximately 0.032 in. (0.81 mm) 6061 T6
aluminum alloy, 0.023 in. (0.57 mm) steel, and 0.046 in. (1.18 mm) fiberglass facings.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Test Machine, capable of maintaining a controlled loading rate and indicating the load with an accuracy of 61 % of the
indicated value. The accuracy of the test machine shall be verified in accordance with Practices E4.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.53 on Materials
and Processes for Durable Rigidwall Relocatable Structures.
Current edition approved AprilOct. 1, 2004.2010. Published April 2004.October 2010. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 19992004 as
E2004–99.E2004 – 04. DOI: 10.1520/E2004-104.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2004–10
5.2 Deflectometer, capable of measuring the displacement with a precision of at least 610 %.
5.3 Micrometer gage or caliper, capable of measuring accurately to 0.01 in. (0.25 mm).
6. Test Specimen
6.1 The test specimen shall be from the sa
...

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