ASTM D5573-99
(Practice)Standard Practice for Classifying Failure Modes in Fiber-Reinforced-Plastic (FRP) Joints
Standard Practice for Classifying Failure Modes in Fiber-Reinforced-Plastic (FRP) Joints
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the method of classifying, identifying, and characterizing the failure modes in adhesively bonded fiber-reinforced-plastic (FRP) joints. The FRP used in developing this practice consists of glass fibers in a thermoset-polyester-resin matrix, commonly referred to as sheet-molding compound, or SMC.
1.2 One objective of this practice is to present comprehensive definitions of possible failure modes to serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, product specifications and product performance. Note 1-Figures 2 through 11 referred to in the practice are contained in the ASTM adjunct, Color Photographs of Failure Modes. Fig. 2-Side-by Side Comparison of Failure Modes Fig. 3-Adhesive Failure Fig. 4-Cohesive Failure Fig. 5-Thin-Layer Cohesive Failure Fig. 6-Fiber-Tear Failure Fig. 7-Light-Fiber-Tear Failure Fig. 8-Stock-Break Failure Fig. 9-Mixed Failure-40% Fiber-Tear Failure, 60% Light-Fiber- Tear Fiber Fig. 10-Mixed Failure-32% Adhesive Failure, 68% Fiber-Tear Failure Fig. 11-Mixed Failure-20%Adhesive Failure, 60% Light-Fiber-Tear Failure, 20% Fiber-Tear Failure Note 2-This practice may be used to describe the failure modes generated from testing, using procedures such as Test Methods D3163, D3164, D3165, D3807, D5041, and SAE J1525.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D5573–99
Standard Practice for
Classifying Failure Modes in Fiber-Reinforced-Plastic (FRP)
Joints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5573; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This practice covers the method of classifying, identi- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
fying, and characterizing the failure modes in adhesively D 907 Terminology of Adhesives
bonded fiber-reinforced-plastic (FRP) joints. The FRP used in D 3163 Test Method for Determining the Strength of Ad-
developing this practice consists of glass fibers in a thermoset- hesively Bonded Rigid Plastic Lap-Shear Joints in Shear
polyester-resin matrix, commonly referred to as sheet-molding by Tension Loading
compound, or SMC. D 3164 Test Method for Determining the Strength of Ad-
1.2 One objective of this practice is to present comprehen- hesively Bonded Plastic Lap-Shear Joints in Shear by
sivedefinitionsofpossiblefailuremodestoserveasaguidefor Tension Loading
contracts, drawings, product specifications, and product perfor- D 3165 Test Method for Strength Properties ofAdhesives in
mance. Shear by Tension Loading of Single-Lap-Joint Laminated
Assemblies
NOTE 1—Figures 2 through 11 referred to in the practice are contained
2 D 3807 Test Method for Strength Properties ofAdhesives in
in the ASTM adjunct, Color Photographs of Failure Modes.
Cleavage/Peel by Tension Loading (Engineering Plastics-
Fig. 2—Side-by Side Comparison of Failure Modes
Fig. 3—Adhesive Failure to-Engineering-Plastics)
Fig. 4—Cohesive Failure
D 5041 Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleavage of
Fig. 5—Thin-Layer Cohesive Failure
Adhesives in Bonded Joints
Fig. 6—Fiber-Tear Failure
D 5868 Test Method for Lap Shear Adhesion for Fiber
Fig. 7—Light-Fiber-Tear Failure
Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Bonding
Fig. 8—Stock-Break Failure
2.2 SAE Standard:
Fig. 9—Mixed Failure—40 % Fiber-Tear Failure, 60 % Light-Fiber-
SAE J1525 SAE Recommended Practice—Lap Shear Test
Tear Fiber
Fig. 10—Mixed Failure—32 % Adhesive Failure, 68 % Fiber-Tear for Automotive-Type Adhesives for Fiber Reinforced
Failure
Plastic (FRP) Bonding
Fig. 11—Mixed Failure—20 % Adhesive Failure, 60 % Light-Fiber-
2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:
Tear Failure, 20 % Fiber-Tear Failure
Color Photographs of Failure Modes
NOTE 2—This practice may be used to describe the failure modes
generated from testing, using procedures such as Test Methods D 3163,
3. Terminology
D 3164, D 3165, D 3807, D 5041, D 5868 , and SAE J1525.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.1 Definitions may not appear outside of this practice
standard.
unless the following delimiting phrase is included: “relating to
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
testing FRP bonded joints and ASTM Practice D 5573.”
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 failure-mode classification, n—relating to testing FRP
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bonded joints, a classification that includes the seven classes of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
failure modes identified here: (1) adhesive failure, (2) cohesive
failure, (3) thin-layer cohesive failure, (4) fiber-tear failure, (5)
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-14 onAdhesives
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.40 on Adhesives for Plastics.
Current edition approved April 10, 1999. Published June 1999. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.
published as D 5573–94. Last previous edition D 5573–94. Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,
Available from ASTM Headquarters, Request ADJ5573. Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5573
light-fiber-tear failure, (6) stock-break failure, and (7) mixed 3.2.1.11 stock-break failure, SB, n—a break of the FRP
failure (see 3.2.1.2 through 3.2.1.10). substrate outside the adhesively bonded-joint region, often
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Failure of a tested specimen is seldom occurring near it. (See Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 8.)
confined to a single mode, but rather is a combination of two 3.2.1.12 mixed failure, n—any combination of two or more
or more of the first six modes, such combination designated as of the six classes of failure mode defined in 3.2.1.2, 3.2.1.4,
mixed failure. Whenever possible, mixed failure should always 3.2.1.6, 3.2.1.7, 3.2.1.10, and 3.2.1.11. (See Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig.
be reported citing the class of failure present and the percent of 9, Fig. 10, and Fig. 11.)
each class. 3.3 Abbreviations:
3.2.1.2 adhesive failure, ADH (or A), n—rupture of the 3.3.1 ADH (or A)—adhesive failure.
adhesively bonded joint, such that the separation appears to be 3.3.2 COH (or C)—cohesive failure.
at the adhes
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