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ASTM D5359-98(2021)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Glass Cullet Recovered from Waste for Use in Manufacture of Glass Fiber

Standard Specification for Glass Cullet Recovered from Waste for Use in Manufacture of Glass Fiber

ABSTRACT
This specification describes glass cullet recovered from municipal waste destined for disposal, but intended for the manufacture of glass fiber for use in insulation-type products. The glass cullet shall primarily be soda-lime bottle glass and shall be one of three grades depending upon the total usage rate requirement of the user. The three grades shall satisfy the specified chemical composition, color mix, contamination, and particle size requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes glass cullet recovered from municipal waste destined for disposal. The recovered cullet is intended for use in the manufacture of glass fiber used for insulation-type products.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Apr-2021
ICS
81.040.10 - Raw materials and raw glass
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM C162-23 - Standard Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
Effective Date
01-Oct-2023
Refers
ASTM D4129-05(2020) - Standard Test Method for Total and Organic Carbon in Water by High Temperature Oxidation and by Coulometric Detection
Effective Date
01-Jan-2020
Refers
ASTM C162-05(2015) - Standard Terminology of<brk type="line"/> Glass and Glass Products
Effective Date
01-Nov-2015
Refers
ASTM E688-94(2011) - Standard Test Methods for Waste Glass as a Raw Material for Glass Manufacturing (Withdrawn 2019)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2011
Refers
ASTM E688-94(2006) - Standard Test Methods for Waste Glass as a Raw Material for Glass Manufacturing
Effective Date
15-Jan-2006
Refers
ASTM C162-05(2010) - Standard Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
Effective Date
01-Oct-2005
Refers
ASTM C162-05 - Standard Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
Effective Date
01-Oct-2005
Refers
ASTM D4129-05 - Standard Test Method for Total and Organic Carbon in Water by High Temperature Oxidation and by Coulometric Detection
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Refers
ASTM C162-04 - Standard Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Refers
ASTM C162-03 - Standard Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
Effective Date
10-Jul-2003
Refers
ASTM E688-94(1999) - Standard Test Methods for Waste Glass as a Raw Material for Glass Manufacturing
Effective Date
10-Sep-1999
Refers
ASTM C162-99 - Standard Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
Effective Date
10-May-1999
Refers
ASTM D4129-98(2003) - Standard Test Method for Total and Organic Carbon in Water by High Temperature Oxidation and by Coulometric Detection
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998
Refers
ASTM D4129-98 - Standard Test Method for Total and Organic Carbon in Water by High Temperature Oxidation and by Coulometric Detection
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998

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ASTM D5359-98(2021) - Standard Specification for Glass Cullet Recovered from Waste for Use in Manufacture of Glass FiberASTM D5359-98(2021) - Standard Specification for Glass Cullet Recovered from Waste for Use in Manufacture of Glass Fiber
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ASTM D5359-98(2021) - Standard Specification for Glass Cullet Recovered from Waste for Use in Manufacture of Glass Fiber
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D5359 −98 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Specification for
Glass Cullet Recovered from Waste for Use in Manufacture
of Glass Fiber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5359; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.2 Chemical Composition—See Table 1.
1.1 This specification describes glass cullet recovered from
4.3 Color Mix—Color is an indicator of the oxidation state
municipal waste destined for disposal. The recovered cullet is
of container cullet. SO gas solubility in the glass melt is a
intended for use in the manufacture of glass fiber used for
function of the glass oxidation state. Changes in the oxidation
insulation-type products.
state of cullet added to the fiberglass batch can shift the glass
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
oxidation state causing the release of dissolved SO gas, which
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
can upset the furnace.Achange in the glass oxidation state also
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
means a change in the glass FeO content. This affects the heat
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
transfer in the melt and can affect furnace efficiency and glass
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
quality. See Table 2.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.4 Contaminants—Free metals, magnetic or nonmagnetic,
2. Referenced Documents
are not oxidized in the glass melting process and, therefore, are
2.1 ASTM Standards:
insoluble. Metals will pool on the furnace floor and leak
C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass Products
through joints causing premature wear of refractories and
D4129 Test Method for Total and Organic Carbon in Water
electrical shorts, which can lead to glass leaks. Some metals
by High Temperature Oxidation and by Coulometric
will attack and destroy precious metal skimmers and thermo-
Detection
couples and molybdenum electrodes. Examples are silver, tin,
E688 Test Methods for Waste Glass as a Raw Material for
lead, and aluminum.
Glass Manufacturing (Withdrawn 2019)
4.4.1 Other inorganic materials and refractories will not
melt in the glass melting process. Other inorganics can be
3. Terminology
porcelains, ceramics, or high-temperature glasses. Refractories
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer
can be remnants of furnace construction materials or minerals
to Terminology C162.
contained as unmelted inclusions in the cullet. See Table 3.
4. General Requirements
4.4.1.1 The container cullet mixture must not contain glass
4.1 Glass cullet from municipal waste is primarily soda-
types or other materials whose composition contains anything
lime bottle glass and shall be one of three grades depending
that is either harmful to the fiberglass production process or
upon the total usage rate requirement of the user. The three
which affects the user’s ability to meet Federal or state
grades shall satisfy the following chemical composition, color
environmental, safety, or health laws. Examples of such
mix, contamination, and particle size requirements as listed in
materials are anything which contains elements or oxides of
Section 4:
phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and chlorides.
1 4.5 Particle Size—For all grades of cullet, the particle size
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
shallbe100 %< ⁄4in.and<15 %<200mesh.Thespecification
Recovery and Reuse.
for the particle s
...

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ASTM E708-79(2017)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Waste Glass as a Raw Material for the Manufacture of Glass Containers

ABSTRACT
This specification covers particulate glass (cullet material) recovered from waste destined for disposal, smaller than 6 mm intended for reuse as a raw material in the manufacture of glass containers. Flint glass cullet is a particulate glass material that contains no more than 0.1 weight % Fe2O3, or 0.0015 weight % Cr2O3, as determined by chemical analysis. The color mix for amber, flint, green and other color glass cullet shall conform to the prescribed mix.
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1.1 This specification covers particulate glass (cullet material, recovered from waste destined for disposal, smaller than 6 mm intended for reuse as a raw material in the manufacture of glass containers.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM E2927-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Soda-Lime Glass Samples Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Forensic Comparisons

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful for the determination of elemental concentrations in the range of approximately 0.1 µgg-1 to 10 percent (%) (See Table X1.1) in soda-lime glass samples (7 and 8). A standard test method can aid in the interchange of data between laboratories and in the creation and use of glass databases.  
5.2 The determination of elemental concentrations in glass provides high discriminating value in the forensic comparison of glass fragments.  
5.3 This test method produces minimal destruction of the sample. Microscopic craters of 50 µm to 100 µm in diameter by 80 µm to 150 µm deep are left in the glass fragment after analysis. The mass removed per replicate is approximately 0.4 µg to 3 µg (6).  
5.4 Appropriate sampling techniques shall be used to account for natural heterogeneity of the materials at a microscopic scale.  
5.5 The precision, bias, and limits of detection of the method (for each element measured) shall be established during validation of the method. The measurement uncertainty of any concentration value used for a comparison shall be recorded with the concentration.  
5.6 Acid digestion of glass followed by either Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) or Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) can also be used for trace elemental analysis of glass, and offer similar detection levels and the ability for quantitative analysis. However, these methods are destructive, and require larger sample sizes and more sample preparation (Test Method E2330).  
5.7 Micro X-Ray Fluorescence (µ-XRF) uses comparable sample sizes to those used for LA-ICP-MS with the advantage of being non-destructive of the sample. Some of the drawbacks of µ-XRF include lower sensitivity and precision, and longer analysis time (Test Method E2926).  
5.8 Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS) is also available for elemental analysis, but it is of limited use for forensic glass source d...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the quantitative elemental analysis of the following seventeen elements: lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr), barium (Ba), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), hafnium (Hf) and lead (Pb) through the use of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for the forensic comparison of glass fragments. The potential of these elements to provide the best discrimination among different sources of soda-lime glasses has been published elsewhere (1-5).2 Silicon (Si) is also monitored for use as a normalization standard. Additional elements may be added as needed, for example, tin (Sn) can be used to monitor the orientation of float glass fragments.  
1.2 The method only consumes approximately 0.4 µg to 3 µg of glass per replicate and is suitable for the analysis of full thickness samples as well as irregularly shaped fragments as small as 0.1 mm by 0.1 mm by 0.2 mm (6) in dimension. The concentrations of the elements listed above range from the low parts per million (µgg-1) to percent (%) levels in soda-lime glass, the most common type encountered in forensic cases. This standard method can be applied for the quantitative analysis of other glass types; however, some modifications in the reference standard glasses and the element menu may be required.  
1.3 This standard is intended for use by competent forensic science practitioners with the requisite formal education, discipline-specific training (see Practice E2917), and demonstrated proficiency to perform forensic casework.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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Standard Test Methods for Strength of Glass by Flexure (Determination of Modulus of Rupture)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For the purpose of this test, glasses and glass-ceramics are considered brittle (perfectly elastic) and to have the property that fracture normally occurs at the surface of the test specimen from the principal tensile stress. The flexural strength is considered a valid measure of the tensile strength subject to the considerations that follow.  
4.2 The flexural strength for a group of test specimens is influenced by variables associated with the test procedure. Such factors are specified in the test procedure or required to be stated in the report. These include but are not limited to the rate of stressing, the test environment, and the area of the specimen subjected to stress.  
4.2.1 In addition, the variables having the greatest effect on the flexural strength value for a group of test specimens are the condition of the surfaces and glass quality near the surfaces in regard to the number and severity of stress-concentrating discontinuities or flaws, and the degree of prestress existing in the specimens. Each of these can represent an inherent part of the strength characteristic being determined or can be a random interfering factor in the measurement.  
4.2.2 Test Method A is designed to include the condition of the surface of the specimen as a factor in the measured strength. Therefore, subjecting a fixed and significant area of the surface to the maximum tensile stress is desirable. Since the number and severity of surface flaws in glass are primarily determined by manufacturing and handling processes, this test method is limited to products from which specimens of suitable size can be obtained with minimal dependence of measured strength upon specimen preparation techniques. This test method is therefore designated as a test for flexural strength of flat glass.  
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flexural strength (the modulus of rupture in bending) of glass and glass-ceramics.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable to annealed and prestressed glasses and glass-ceramics available in varied forms. Alternative test methods are described; the test method used shall be determined by the purpose of the test and geometric characteristics of specimens representative of the material.  
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1.2.2 Test Method B is a comparative test for flexural strength of glass and glass-ceramics.  
1.3 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Test Method A  
7 to 10  
Test Method B  
11 to 16  
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5.1 This test method provides a description of the design of the Stirred Reactor Coupon Analysis (SRCA) apparatus and identifies aspects of the performance of the SRCA tests and interpretation of the test results that must be addressed by the experimenter to provide confidence in the measured dissolution rate.  
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1.1 This test method describes a test method in which the dissolution rate of a homogenous silicate glass is measured through corrosion of monolithic samples in stirred dilute conditions.  
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Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soda-Lime and Borosilicate Glass

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods can be used to ensure that the chemical composition of the glass meets the compositional specification required for the finished glass product.  
3.2 These test methods do not preclude the use of other methods that yield results within permissible variations. In any case, the analyst should verify the procedure and technique employed by means of a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference material having a component comparable with that of the material under test. A list of standard reference materials is given in the NIST Special Publication 260,3 current edition.  
3.3 Typical examples of products manufactured using soda-lime silicate glass are containers, tableware, and flat glass.  
3.4 Typical examples of products manufactured using borosilicate glass are bakeware, labware, and fiberglass.  
3.5 Typical examples of products manufactured using fluoride opal glass are containers, tableware, and decorative glassware.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the quantitative chemical analysis of soda-lime and borosilicate glass compositions for both referee and routine analysis. This would be for the usual constituents present in glasses of the following types: (1) soda-lime silicate glass, (2) soda-lime fluoride opal glass, and (3) borosilicate glass. The following common oxides, when present in concentrations greater than indicated, are known to interfere with some of the determinations in this method: 2 % barium oxide (BaO), 0.2 % phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5), 0.05 % zinc oxide (ZnO), 0.05 % antimony oxide (Sb2O3), 0.05 % lead oxide (PbO).  
1.2 The analytical procedures, divided into two general groups, those for referee analysis, and those for routine analysis, appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Procedures for Referee Analysis:  
Silica  
10  
BaO, R2O2 (Al2O3 + P2O5), CaO, and MgO  
11 – 15  
Fe2O3, TiO2, ZrO2 by Photometry and Al2O3 by Com-
plexiometric Titration  
16 – 22  
Cr2O3 by Volumetric and Photometric Methods  
23 – 25  
MnO by the Periodate Oxidation Method  
26 – 29  
Na2O by the Zinc Uranyl Acetate Method and K2O by
the Tetraphenylborate Method  
30 – 33  
SO3 (Total Sulfur)  
34 – 35  
As2O3 by Volumetric Method  
36 – 40  
Procedures for Routine Analysis:  
Silica by the Single Dehydration Method  
42 – 44  
Al2O3, CaO, and MgO by Complexiometric Titration,
and BaO, Na2O, and K2O by Gravimetric Method  
45 – 51  
BaO, Al2O3, CaO, and MgO by Atomic Absorption; and
Na2O and K2O by Flame Emission Spectroscopy  
52 – 59  
SO3 (Total Sulfur)  
60  
B2O3  
61 – 62  
Fluorine by Pyrohydrolysis Separation and Specific Ion
Electrode Measurement  
63 – 66  
P2O5 by the Molybdo-Vanadate Method  
67 – 70  
Colorimetric Determination of Ferrous Iron Using 1,10
Phenanthroline  
71 – 76  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These practices are useful for determining the maximum temperature at which crystallization will form in a glass, and a minimum temperature at which a glass can be held, for extended periods of time, without crystal formation and growth.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover procedures for determining the liquidus temperature (Note 1) of a glass (Note 1) by establishing the boundary temperature for the first crystalline compound, when the glass specimen is held at a specified temperature gradient over its entire length for a period of time necessary to obtain thermal equilibrium between the crystalline and glassy phases.  
Note 1: These terms are defined in Terminology C162.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM C729-11(2022)(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The sink-float comparator method of test for glass density provides the most accurate (yet convenient for practical applications) method of evaluating the density of small pieces or specimens of glass. The data obtained are useful for daily quality control of production, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and for special purposes in research and development.  
4.2 Although this test scope is limited to a density range from 1.1 g/cm3 to 3.3 g/cm3, it may be extended (in principle) to higher densities by the use of other miscible liquids (Test Method F77) such as water and thallium malonate-formate (approximately 5.0 g/cm3). The stability of the liquid and the precision of the test may be reduced somewhat, however, at higher densities.
SCOPE
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Standard Test Methods for Determining Liquidus Temperature of Waste Glasses and Simulated Waste Glasses

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(2) support production (for example, processing or troubleshooting), and
(3) support model validation.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the liquidus temperature (TL) of nuclear waste, mixed nuclear waste, simulated nuclear waste, or hazardous waste glass in the temperature range from 600 °C to 1600 °C. This test method differs from Practice C829 in that it employs additional methods to determine TL. TL is useful in waste glass plant operation, glass formulation, and melter design to determine the minimum temperature that must be maintained in a waste glass melt to make sure that crystallization does not occur or is below a particular constraint, for example, 1 volume % crystallinity or T1%. As of now, many institutions studying waste and simulated waste vitrification are not in agreement regarding this constraint (1).2  
1.2 Three methods are included, differing in (1) the type of equipment available to the analyst (that is, type of furnace and characterization equipment), (2) the quantity of glass available to the analyst, (3) the precision and accuracy desired for the measurement, and (4) candidate glass properties. The glass properties, for example, glass volatility and estimated TL, will dictate the required method for making the most precise measurement. The three different approaches to measuring TL described here include the following: Gradient Temperature Furnace Method (GT), Uniform Temperature Furnace Method (UT), and Crystal Fraction Extrapolation Method (CF). This procedure is intended to provide specific work processes, but may be supplemented by test instructions as deemed appropriate by the project manager or principle investigator. The methods defined here are not applicable to glasses that form multiple immiscible liquid phases. Immiscibility may be detected in the initial examination of glass during sample preparation (see 9.3). However, immiscibility may not become apparent until after testing is underway.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    20 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off