ASTM E345-93(1998)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
Standard Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic foil at room temperature in thicknesses less than 0.006 in. (0.150 mm). Note 1-Exception to these methods may be necessary in individual specifications or test methods for a particular material.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: E 345 – 93 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Test Methods of
Tension Testing of Metallic Foil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 345; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope methods of tension testing.
1.1 These test methods cover the tension testing of metallic
4. Significance and Use
foil at room temperature in thicknesses less than 0.006 in.
4.1 Tension tests provide information on the strength and
(0.150 mm).
ductility of materials under uniaxial tensile stresses. This
NOTE 1—Exception to these methods may be necessary in individual
information may be useful in comparisons of materials, alloy
specifications or test methods for a particular material.
development, quality control, and design.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.2 The results of tension tests from selected portions of a
as the standard. The SI values in parentheses are for informa-
part or material may not totally represent the strength and
tion only.
ductility of the entire end product of its in-service behavior in
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
different environments.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.3 These test methods are considered satisfactory for ac-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ceptance testing of commercial shipments since the methods
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
have been used extensively for these purposes.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.4 Tension tests provide a means to determine the ductility
of materials through the measurement either of elongation or
2. Referenced Documents
reduction of area. However, as specimen thickness is reduced,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tension tests may become less useful for the determination of
B 193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
ductility. For these purposes Test Method E 796 presents an
Materials
alternative procedure for measuring ductility.
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
5. Apparatus
E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
ing
5.1 Testing Machines—Machines used for tension testing
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
shall conform to the requirements of Practices E 4. The loads
E 8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Mate-
used in determining tensile strength, yield strength, and yield
rials (Metric)
point shall be within the verified loading range of the testing
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
machine as defined in Practices E 4.
Determine Conformance with Specifications
5.2 Gripping Devices:
E 252 Test Method for Thickness of Thin Foil and Film by
5.2.1 General—Various types of gripping devices may be
Weighing
used to transmit the measured load applied by the testing
E 796 Test Method for Ductility Testing of Metallic Foil
machine to the test specimen. To ensure axial tensile stress
within the gage length, the axis of the test specimen must
3. Terminology
coincide with the center line of the heads of the testing
3.1 The definitions of terms relating to tension testing
machine. Any departure from this center line may introduce
appearing in Terminology E 6 apply to the terms used in these
bending stresses that are not included in the usual stress
computation (load divided by cross-sectional area).
1 5.2.2 Wedge Grips—Testing machines usually are equipped
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-28 on
Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on with wedge grips. These wedge grips generally furnish a
Uniaxial Testing.
satisfactory means of gripping long specimens of ductile
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1993. Published October 1993. Originally
materials in the thicker foil gages. If, for any reason, one grip
e1
published as E 345 – 68 T. Last previous edition E 345 – 87 (1992) .
of a pair advances farther than the other as the grips tighten, an
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
undesirable bending stress may be introduced. When liners are
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
used behind the wedges, they must be of the same thickness
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.02.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E 345
and their faces must be flat and parallel. For proper gripping, it discernible scratches, creases, or edge discontinuities shall be
is desirable that the entire length of the serrated face of each rejected. The milling cutter shall be sharpened or renewed
wedge be in contact with the specimen. A buffer material such when necessary. When machining some thicknesses and tem-
as 320-grit silicon carbide paper may be inserted between the pers of material it may be necessary to interleave the samples
specimen and serrated faces to minimize tearing of specimens. with hard aluminum sheet, a plastic, or other suitable material.
5.2.3 Smooth Face Grips—For foils less than 0.003 in. For some materials it may be desirable to polish the edges of
(0.076 mm) thickness, it may be desirable that the grips have the specimens, either mechanically or by electropolishing.
smooth faces and that the gripping pressure be about 100 psi 7.2 Type B Specimen Preparation—The specimens, particu-
(0.7 MPa) for each 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) of specimen thick- larly of soft and of thin hard metals, may be prepared by
ness. shearing, for example, by use of a double-bladed cutter (Fig. 2)
or by slitting. The cutting edges should be lubricated, if
6. Test Specimen
necessary with a material such as stearic acid in alcohol or
6.1 General—Test specimens shall be prescribed in the another suitable material. The finished specimens shall be
examined under about 203 magnification to determine that the
product specification for the material being tested. If a Type A
specimen is used, all specimen dimensions, test procedures, edges are smooth and there are no surface scratches or creases.
Specimens showing discernible surface scratches, creases, or
and calculations shall be in compliance with those shown in
Test Methods E 8 or E 8M. edge discontinuities shall be rejected.
7.3 Specimen Measurement:
6.2 Type A Specimen—Type A specimens shall be in accor-
dance with the ⁄2-in. (12.5-mm) sheet-type specimen shown in 7.3.1 Thickness:
Fig. 1. To avoid lateral buckling in tests of some materials, the 7.3.1.1 Thickness of specimens taken from soft foils or from
minimum radius of the fillet should be ⁄4 in. (19 mm), or the foils 0.002 in. (0.05 mm) and thinner shall be determined to an
width of the grip ends should be only slightly larger than the accuracy of 2 % of the thickness by weighing in accordance
width of the reduced section, or both; and the reduced section with Test Method E 252 or by measuring devices. When using
should be at least 20 % longer than the gage length.
Test Method E 252, the specimens themselves shall be weighed
6.3 Type B Specimens—Type B specimens shall be in when it is practical. At least two specimens shall be weighed
accordance with the ⁄2-in. (12.5-mm) wide parallel sided
together. When Type B specimens are not used for weighing, a
specimen shown in Fig. 1. sample in accordance with Test Method E 252 may be used
when taken from an area adjacent to that from which the test
7. Procedures
specimens were taken.
7.1 Type A Specimen Preparation—The specimens can be
machined in packs by use of a milling-type cutter. The
machined specimens shall be examined under about 203
The Thwing-Albert JDC-50 precision cutter available from Thwing-Albert
magnification to determine that the edges are smooth and that
Instrument Co., 10960 Dutton Rd., Philadelphia, PA 19154, has been found to be
there are no surface scratches or creases. Specimens showing acceptable.
Dimensions
Specimen
Type A Type B
in. mm in. mm
G—Gage length 2.000 6 0.005 50.0 6 0.1 5 125
W—Width 0.500 6 0.010 12.50 6 0.25 0.500 12.5
T—Thickness thickness of foil thickness of foil
R—Radius of fillet, min ⁄4 19 . .
L—Overall Length, min 8 200 9 230
A—Length of reduced section, min 2 ⁄4 60 . .
B—Length of grip section, min 2 50 . .
C—Width of grip section, approx. ⁄4 20 0.500 12.5
NOTE 1—For Type A specimens, the ends of the reduced section shall not differ in width by more than 0.002 in. (0.05 mm). Also, there may be a gradual
decrease in width from the ends to the center, but the width at either end shall not be more than 0.005 in. (0.10 mm) larger than the width at the center.
NOTE 2—The dimension T is the thickness of the test specimen as provided for in the applicable material specifications.
FIG. 1 Foil Tension Test Specimen
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