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ASTM D6251/D6251M-01

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Wood-Cleated Panelboard Shipping Boxes

Standard Specification for Wood-Cleated Panelboard Shipping Boxes

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood-cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 1000 lb [454 kg] depending on box type (see 10.1).
1.2 Wood-cleated panelboard shipping box performance is dependent on its fabricated components and subsequent assembly; therefore, a variety of types, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover wood-cleated panelboard box performance under all atmospheric, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.17), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D4169, can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-2001
ICS
55.160 - Cases. Boxes. Crates
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.12 - Shipping Containers, Crates, Pallets, Skids and Related Structures
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6251/D6251M-00 - Standard Specification for Wood-Cleated Panelboard Shipping Boxes
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D6251/D6251M-07 - Standard Specification for Wood-Cleated Panelboard Shipping Boxes
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM F1245-19 - Standard Specification for Faucets, Single and Double, Compression and Self-Closing Type, Shipboard
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM F2511-05(2022) - Standard Specification for Rollers, Bearing, Needle, Ferrous, Solid
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM D6253-16 - Standard Practice for Treatment and/or Marking of Wood Packaging Materials
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM D6256/D6256M-16 - Standard Specification for Wood-Cleated Shipping Boxes with Skidded, Load-Bearing Bases
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM F1142-19 - Standard Specification for Manhole Cover Assembly, Bolted, Semi-Flush, Oiltight and Watertight
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM D3951-18 - Standard Practice for Commercial Packaging
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM B900-16(2022) - Standard Practice for Packaging of Copper and Copper Alloy Mill Products for U.S. Government Agencies
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001
Referred By
ASTM F1312-19(2023) - Standard Specification for Brick, Insulating, High Temperature, Fire Clay
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001

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ASTM D6251/D6251M-01 - Standard Specification for Wood-Cleated Panelboard Shipping BoxesASTM D6251/D6251M-01 - Standard Specification for Wood-Cleated Panelboard Shipping Boxes
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ASTM D6251/D6251M-01 - Standard Specification for Wood-Cleated Panelboard Shipping Boxes
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 6251/D 6251M – 01
Standard Specification for
1
Wood-Cleated Panelboard Shipping Boxes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6251/D 6251M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and closure of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood- D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as ments
containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general D 1990 Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for
materials and supplies, not exceeding 1000 lb [454 kg] Visually-Graded Dimension Lumber from In-Grade Tests
depending on box type (see 10.1). of Full-Size Specimens
1.2 Wood-cleated panelboard shipping box performance is D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
dependentonitsfabricatedcomponentsandsubsequentassem- D 3953 Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals
bly; therefore, a variety of types, classes, styles, and treatments D 4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, tainers and Systems
however, does not cover wood-cleated panelboard box perfor- D 4727/D 4727M Specification for Corrugated and Solid
mance under all atmospheric, handling, shipping, and storage Fiberboard Sheet Stock (Container Grade) and Cut Shapes
conditions. D 6199 Practice for Quality of Wood Members of Contain-
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is ers and Pallets
acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.17), the resulting packaging F 1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes,
systems shall be of equal or better performance than would and Staples
result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International
The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
D 4169, can be used to develop comparative procedures and 2.2 Federal Specifications:
3
criteria. A-A-58078 Plastic Board (For Packaging Applications)
3
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units FF-F-133 Fasteners,Wood Joint, Corrugated – (Saw Edge)
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the 2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each CFR Parts 107-180 Title 49, Hazardous Materials Regula-
4
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must tions
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the 2.4 APA—The Engineered Wood Association:
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. PRP-108 Performance Standards and Policies for
5
See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units. Structural-Use Panels
5
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the PS1-95 Construction and Industrial Plywood
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the PS2-92 Performance Standard for Wood-Based Structural-
5
responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appro- Use Panels
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 2.5 American Wood-Preservers’ Association (AWPA):
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
Available from the Federal Supply Service Bureau, Specification Section, Suite
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on 8100, 480 L’Enfant Plaza, SW, Washington, DC 20408.
4
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.12 on Shipping Available from the Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing
Containers, Crates, Pallets, Skids, and Related Structures. Office, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328.
5
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2001. Published December 2001. Originally Available from APA—The Engineered Wood Association, 7011 South 19th
published as D 6251/D 6251M – 98. Last previous edition D 6251/D 6251M – 00. Street, P.O. Box 11700, Tacoma, WA 98411-0700.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 6251/D 6251M – 01
6
P8-99 Standard for Oil-Borne Preservatives
P9-98 Standards for Solvents and Formulations for Organic
6
Preservative System
...

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Standard Specification for Wood-Cleated Panelboard Shipping Boxes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood-cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies. The box shall be classified according to box type: Type I; Type II; Type II; and Type IV. According to class: Class 1 and Class 2. According to style: Style A; Style A1; Style B; Style C through K. According to preservative treatment; Treatment A and Treatment B. And according to load type: Type 1; Type 2; and Type 3. Panels shall be fabricated by nailing, stapling, or gluing panelboard to cleats placed. Fastener component test, fastener test for securing cleats to panelboard panels; lateral resistance test; direct withdrawal resistance test; oxine copper preservative test; zinc napthenate preservative test; and preservative dryness test shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated, hereafter referred to as wood-cleated, panelboard boxes. These boxes are intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 1000 lb [454 kg] depending on box type (see 10.1).  
1.2 Wood-cleated panelboard shipping box performance is dependent on its fabricated components and subsequent assembly; therefore, a variety of types, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover wood-cleated panelboard box performance under all atmospheric, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.  
1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques is acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.17), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D4169, can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Fiberboard Boxes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Dimensions are important properties in the general construction of a box, and accurate methods of measurement are required for research work, routine control, and acceptance testing for conformance to specifications. For packages to carry and protect their contents effectively and efficiently, boxes and interior components must be properly and consistently sized. Correctly dimensioned and well-made boxes can be more easily set up by hand or be erected using automatic equipment. “Square” boxes (rectangular parallelepipeds) will stack better to accept load and improve stability during storage and shipment.  
4.1.1 Interior dimensions of boxes are critical when the contents of the box are intended to fill or nearly fill the box with little unused side and head space. The inside dimension by tape method are the size values most often cited in box design (see 9.1, and TAPPI T827). The interior size of a box can be estimated from the score to score measurements when the scoring allowance is taken into account (see Appendix X2). The actual inside dimensions can be measured directly using the box gauge method (see 9.2). Either method can be used to measure interior box dimensions.  
4.1.2 Exterior dimensions may be the critical design criteria when attempting to optimize use of the shipping platform area and overall stack height based on transportation and storage limitations. Exterior dimensions are also key design elements when making common footprint boxes.5 The exterior dimensions of a box can be measured directly using the exterior dimensions by tape method (see Appendix X1).  
4.2 Measuring a Lot Quantity of Boxes—This method determines if a lot (that is, production run) is within specified tolerance for each dimension (length, width, and depth as are shown in Practice D5118/D5118M). A minimum of five specimens are measured. The test result for each dimension is the individual measurements of that dimension on all specimens (see 9.3).  
4.3 Measuring Single Bo...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the interior and exterior dimensions of regular slotted or special slotted styles of single-wall corrugated, double-wall corrugated and solid fiberboard boxes.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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ASTM D5118/D5118M-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Fabrication of Fiberboard Shipping Boxes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Corrugated and solid fiberboard boxes, sleeves, and liners are used to unitize products into packages of size and shape suitable for manual or mechanical handling and to protect the contents against environmental, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.  
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FIG. 1 Fiberboard Box Dimensioning  
FIG. 2 Box, Fiberboard; Detail of Manufacturer's Joint Construction for Class Weather Resistant and WWVR Boxes  
FIG. 3 Box, Fiberboard; Details of Manufacturer's Joint Types  
FIG. 4 Cover Assembly  
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FIG. 12 Box, Fiberboard; HSCC—Half Slotted Box with Cover (0200)  
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1.3 This practice does not directly cover the adequacy of fiberboard containers under all conditions of exposure to atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage. However, references regarding how to assess the adequacy of container under these conditions are included in the practice.  
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1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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1.2 The attributes and their levels should be based on the intended use of the box, including the handling and environment it will encounter. Many packaging rules include detailed descriptions of the materials that may be used and style, closure, or other construction details of allowed shipping containers. These rules are presented as minimum requirements; they may be exceeded for functional reasons, but there is no regulatory reason to do so. Rail and motor freight classifications applicable for surface common carrier transportation have established minimum requirements for certain attributes of corrugated packaging. These may or may not be appropriate for application in the complete distribution system, as they encompass only containerboard or combined corrugated board — not finished boxes — and are not intended to provide for the distribution and storage system beyond the transportation segment.  
1.2.1 The attribute levels contained herein are based on U.S. practice and specifications. Some attributes such as flute dimensions and basis weights may be defined differently in other countries.  
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4.1.4 Reduce environmental impact of pallets and bulk boxes by reducing waste.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers containers used to hold plastic resins with bulk density (Test Methods D1895) of 27 to 39 lb/ft3 (0.432 to 0.625 g/cm3).  
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1.5 This classification does not address requirements of plastic bag liners normally placed inside the corrugated bulk box before filling with plastic resin.  
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1.10 This classification does not address pallet opening sizes for pallet trucks.  
1.11 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.13 This classification offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this classification may be applicable in all circumstances. This...

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Standard Specification for Wirebound Pallet-Type Wood Boxes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication of new fully enclosed wire bound pallet-type wooden boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding a certain weight given. Wire bound pallet-type wooden box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. According to type of material used in the manufacture of wooden boxes, four types are classified: Type I which are made with sheathed lumber, Type II which are made with sheathed lumber and veneer, Type III which are made of sheathed lumber and veneer with two different length sidewalls, and Type IV which are made of sheathed plywood. Four classes have been designated to wooden boxes, according to the number of entry ways: Class 1 which has partial four-way entry base, Class 2 which has two-way entry base, Class 3 which has partial four-way entry base with two different length sidewalls, and Class 4 which has two-way entry base with two different length sidewalls. And for the wooden boxes’ last classification, the way they are treated are described also as follows: Treatment A and B- with water preservative treatment and Treatment C without preservative treatment. All recovered, recycled, or virgin materials used in box manufacture shall meet the requirements of this specification and referenced documents. In addition, materials shall not affect or be affected by the product being packed. To determine the wooden boxes’ performance, the following tests shall be conducted: wood members moisture content test, coating adherence on galvanized wire test, wire tensile strength test, oxine copper preservative test, and zinc napthenate preservative test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new fully enclosed wirebound pallet-type wood boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 2500 lb [1134 kg] (see 4.1 and 10.1).  
1.2 Wirebound pallet-type wood box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, classes, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified (see 4). This specification, however, does not cover wirebound pallet-type wood box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.  
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1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6573/D6573M-13(2020)(Specification)
Standard Specification for General Purpose Wirebound Shipping Boxes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication of new wire-bound general purpose panelboard shipping boxes for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of materials and supplies. This specification does not include wirebound box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Methods other than those detailed here may be used for the construction of the boxes, provided, that the finished products are of equal or better performance than those produced using the recommended procedures. The boxes are grouped into three types according to the load each box can carry, three classes according to shipment specifications, three styles, and two grades. It is recommended that the boxes be made from recycled materials, lumber, wires, and fasteners that meet the requirements of this specification. Each box side and joint should be assembled according to the recommended procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new wirebound general purpose (GP) panelboard (hereafter referred to as wirebound boxes) shipping boxes intended for use as containers for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding 500 lb [226.8 kg] for Class 1 domestic, 400 lb [181.4 kg] for Class 2 overseas shipments or 300 lb [136.0 kg] for Class 3 extreme distribution hazard conditions or military contingency purposes.  
1.2 Wirebound box performance is dependent on its fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types of load, classes, styles, and treatments reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification does not cover wirebound box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. Wirebound boxes in compliance with Hazardous Material Modal Regulations or United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs) are found in the Supplementary Requirements.  
1.3 The use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and shall be permitted, provided the resulting packaging systems are of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate Practice D4169 distribution cycle(s) can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI values given in brackets are mathematical. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6804-19(Guide)
Standard Guide for Hand Hole Design in Corrugated Boxes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It may be desirable at times to provide hand holes in corrugated boxes. Package designers use hand holes to solve ergonomic and handling problems associated with large or awkward containers. This guide provides an aid for proper hand hole design and use.  
4.1.1 Boxes for handling by a single person.  
4.1.2 Boxes that are too large or awkward to be handled well by a single person (4.4.1).  
4.2 Ergonomics:  
4.2.1 In studying and applying ergonomic principles, of primary concern is the need to provide a safe work environment for material handlers who may be required to lift or transport packages. A safe work environment is difficult to define and varies with the package in question. Several ergonomic safety issues involve repetitive motions and spine loading in the lifting process. Other issues involve finger and foot protection.  
4.2.2 In distribution centers or warehouses, low back disorders have been identified as areas of elevated risk. Low back problems continue to represent the most common and costly musculoskeletal disorders in the work place.4  
4.2.3 One method used to reduce the concern of distance of lift (spinal loading) is to bring the reach of the material handler's hands closer to the body. With large or awkward boxes, placing hand holes in a more advantageous position can solve this problem.  
4.2.4 Maximum weight for lifting is not generally specified by safety organizations. However, when considerations of repetition, movement, and other ergonomics are taken into account, a typical maximum load per single person is often limited to 40 to 50 lb per package.  
4.3 NIOSH:  
4.3.1 The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has published Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting.5 This document may be of assistance in developing proper hand holes and their placement for a specific package.  
4.3.2 Hand holes for single person box handling are generally intended for vertical symmetric lifting with some rotation and ...
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides guidelines for designing pre-cut apertures intended for use as hand holes in corrugated boxes during manual handling of boxed cargo.  
1.2 Limitations—This standard offers guidance for package development and for subsequent testing of boxes to measure performance. It is not intended to provide specific information on the design of hand holes.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use..  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Guide
    11 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D6055-96(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are designed for use in most cases with the actual equipment to be used in load handling.  
4.2 These test methods may be used in evaluating the shipping unit as to suitability for mechanical handling by standard user-specified load-handling equipment.  
4.3 These test methods will allow the user to determine integrity and stability of the load as well as provide guidance to improve the design of the unit load where deficiencies are found.  
4.4 Damage to products or packages observed during testing may be expected to correlate at least in a qualitative way to damage observed in actual distribution handling systems.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are suitable for testing the integrity of unitized loads and large cases and crates, but not individual drums or palletized drums, as well as the ability of the contents to endure normal handling, using standard mechanical handling equipment. Not all of the test methods are applicable to all products containers and loads. These test methods are applicable to common means of material handling, including pull pack, clamp truck, and spade lift-type handling equipment as follows:  
1.1.1 Test Method A—Fork Truck Handling—For testing the ability of the shipping unit to withstand repeated handlings by this test method.  
1.1.2 Test Method B—Spade Lift Test—For lifting by spade lift attachment to determine the ability of the handling flap of the case or shipping unit to withstand repeated lifting and handling by this test method.  
1.1.3 Test Method C—Clamp Handling Test—For lifting by hydraulic clamp attachment, to determine the ability of the shipping unit to withstand squeeze clamp handling consisting of repeated side compression and lifting.  
1.1.4 Test Method D—Push-Pull Handling Test—For testing the ability of a unitized load on a slip-sheet to withstand repeated handling by this test method.  
1.1.5 Test Method E—Grabhook Test—For lifting by grabhooks to determine the ability of the shipping unit to withstand the horizontal pressures of grabhooks.  
1.1.6 Test Method F—Sling Tests—For lifting by wire rope, cable, or woven fiber slings to determine the ability of the shipping unit to withstand the compression of slings.  
1.2 Additional Test Methods:  
1.2.1 Additional test methods that apply to mechanical handling and rough handling tests of unitized loads and large cases and crates include incline impact tests, described in Test Method D880; horizontal impact tests, described in Test Method D4003.  
1.2.2 Practice D4169 provides a series of options for selecting and running performance tests on all types of shipping containers and systems.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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