ASTM D4015-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Modulus and Damping of Soils by Resonant-Column Method
Standard Test Methods for Modulus and Damping of Soils by Resonant-Column Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The modulus and damping of a given soil, as measured by the resonant-column technique herein described, depend upon the strain amplitude of vibration, the ambient state of effective stress, and the void ratio of the soil, temperature, time, etc. Since the application and control of the ambient stresses and the void ratio are not prescribed in these methods, the applicability of the results to field conditions will depend on the degree to which the application and control of the ambient stresses and the void ratio, as well as other parameters such as soil structure, duplicate field conditions. The techniques used to simulate field conditions depend on many factors and it is up to the engineer to decide on which techniques apply to a given situation and soil type.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of shear modulus, shear damping, rod modulus (commonly referred to as Young's modulus), and rod damping for solid cylindrical specimens of soil in the undisturbed and remolded conditions by vibration using the resonant column. The vibration of the specimen may be superposed on a controlled ambient state of stress in the specimen. The vibration apparatus and specimen may be enclosed in a triaxial chamber and subjected to an all-around pressure and axial load. In addition, the specimen may be subjected to other controlled conditions (for example, pore-water pressure, degree of saturation, temperature). These test methods of modulus and damping determination are considered nondestructive when the strain amplitudes of vibration are less than 104 rad (104 in./in.), and many measurements may be made on the same specimen and with various states of ambient stress.
1.2 These test methods cover only the determination of the modulus and damping, the necessary vibration, and specimen preparation procedures related to the vibration, etc., and do not cover the application, measurement, or control of the ambient stress. The latter procedures may be covered by, but are not limited to, Test Methods D 2166 or D 2850.
1.3 All recorded and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the users objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.3.2 Measurements made to more significant digits or better sensitivity than specified in this standard shall not be regarded a nonconformance with this standard.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Reporting test results in units other than SI shall be regarded as conformance with these test methods.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4015 − 07
StandardTest Methods for
Modulus and Damping of Soils by Resonant-Column
1
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4015; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
methods for engineering design.
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of shear
1.3.2 Measurements made to more significant digits or
modulus, shear damping, rod modulus (commonly referred to
better sensitivity than specified in this standard shall not be
as Young’s modulus), and rod damping for solid cylindrical
regarded a nonconformance with this standard.
specimens of soil in the undisturbed and remolded conditions
by vibration using the resonant column. The vibration of the 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
specimen may be superposed on a controlled ambient state of standard. Reporting test results in units other than SI shall be
stress in the specimen. The vibration apparatus and specimen regarded as conformance with these test methods.
may be enclosed in a triaxial chamber and subjected to an
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
all-around pressure and axial load. In addition, the specimen
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
may be subjected to other controlled conditions (for example,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
pore-water pressure, degree of saturation, temperature). These
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
test methods of modulus and damping determination are
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
considerednondestructivewhenthestrainamplitudesofvibra-
−4 −4
tion are less than 10 rad (10 in./in.), and many measure-
2. Referenced Documents
ments may be made on the same specimen and with various
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
states of ambient stress.
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1.2 These test methods cover only the determination of the
Fluids
modulus and damping, the necessary vibration, and specimen
D2166Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength
preparationproceduresrelatedtothevibration,etc.,anddonot
of Cohesive Soil
cover the application, measurement, or control of the ambient
D2216Test Methods for Laboratory Determination ofWater
stress. The latter procedures may be covered by, but are not
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
limited to, Test Methods D2166 or D2850.
D2850Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial
Compression Test on Cohesive Soils
1.3 All recorded and calculated values shall conform to the
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
guideforsignificantdigitsandroundingestablishedinPractice
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
D6026.
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
1.3.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
D4767Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Triaxial
recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the
Compression Test for Cohesive Soils
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
significant digits that should generally be retained. The proce-
Data
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
3. Terminology
ations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of other terms used in this
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
Test Method, see Terminology D653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoil
and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.09 on Cyclic and
2
Dynamic Properties of Soils. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4015–92 (2000). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D4015-07. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4015 − 07
3.2.1 ambient stress—stresses applied to the
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 4015–92(Reapproved 2000) Designation: D4015 – 07
Standard Test Methods for
Modulus and Damping of Soils by the Resonant-Column
1
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4015; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of shear modulus, shear damping, rod modulus (commonly referred to as
Young’smodulus),androddampingforsolidcylindricalspecimensofsoilintheundisturbedandremoldedconditionsbyvibration
using the resonant column. The vibration of the specimen may be superposed on a controlled ambient state of stress in the
specimen. The vibration apparatus and specimen may be enclosed in a triaxial chamber and subjected to an all-around pressure
andaxialload.Inaddition,thespecimenmaybesubjectedtoothercontrolledconditions(forexample,pore-waterpressure,degree
of saturation, temperature). These test methods of modulus and damping determination are considered nondestructive when the
−4 −4
strain amplitudes of vibration are less than 10 rad (10 in./in.), and many measurements may be made on the same specimen
and with various states of ambient stress.
1.2 These test methods cover only the determination of the modulus and damping, the necessary vibration, and specimen
preparation procedures related to the vibration, etc., and do not cover the application, measurement, or control of the ambient
stress. The latter procedures may be covered by, but are not limited to, Test Methods D 2166 or D 2850D2166 or D2850.
1.3
1.3 All recorded and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.3.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/recordedandcalculatedinthisstandardareregardedastheindustry
standard.Inaddition,theyarerepresentativeofthesignificantdigitsthatshouldgenerallyberetained.Theproceduresuseddonot
considermaterialvariation,purposeforobtainingthedata,specialpurposestudies,oranyconsiderationsfortheuser’sobjectives;
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.3.2 Measurements made to more significant digits or better sensitivity than specified in this standard shall not be regarded a
nonconformance with this standard.
1.4 ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.ReportingtestresultsinunitsotherthanSIshallberegarded
as conformance with these test methods.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D2166 Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
2
D2850 Test Method for Unconsolidated, Undrained Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soils in Triaxial Compression Test
Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial Compression Test on Cohesive Soils
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.09 on Soil Dynamics.
Current edition approved May 15, 1992. Published September 1992. Originally published as D 4015–81. Last previous edition D 4015–87.on Cyclic and Dynamic
Properties of Soils.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4015–92 (2000). DOI:
10.1520/D4015-07.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end o
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