ASTM F104-11(2020)
(Classification)Standard Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materials
Standard Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This classification system is intended to encourage uniformity in reporting properties; to provide a common language for communications between suppliers and consumers; to guide engineers and designers in the test methods commonly used for commercially available materials; and to be versatile enough to cover new materials and test methods as they are introduced.
3.2 This system is based on the principle that nonmetallic gasket materials can be described in terms of specific physical and mechanical properties. This enables the user, or producer, to characterize a nonmetallic gasket based on properties that are important for the application.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification system2 provides a means for specifying or describing pertinent properties of commercial nonmetallic gasket materials. Materials composed of asbestos, cork, cellulose, and other organic or inorganic materials in combination with various binders or impregnants are included. Materials normally classified as rubber compounds are not included, since they are covered in Classification D2000. Gasket coatings are not covered, since details thereof are intended to be given on engineering drawings or in separate specifications. Facing materials for laminate composite gasket materials (LCGM) are included in Classification System F104. Assembled LCGMs are covered in Classification F868.
1.2 Since all of the properties that contribute to gasket performance are not included, use of the classification system as a basis for selecting materials is limited.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F104 −11 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Classification System for
Nonmetallic Gasket Materials
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF104;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1170 Specification for Nonmetallic Gasket Materials for
General Automotive and Aeronautical Purposes (With-
1.1 This classification system provides a means for speci-
drawn 1968)
fying or describing pertinent properties of commercial nonme-
D2000 Classification System for Rubber Products in Auto-
tallic gasket materials. Materials composed of asbestos, cork,
motive Applications
cellulose, and other organic or inorganic materials in combi-
D5964 Practice for Rubber IRM 901, IRM 902, and IRM
nation with various binders or impregnants are included.
903 Replacement Oils for ASTM No. 1, ASTM No. 2,
Materials normally classified as rubber compounds are not
ASTM No. 3 Oils, and IRM 905 formerly ASTM No. 5
included, since they are covered in Classification D2000.
Oil
Gasket coatings are not covered, since details thereof are
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
intended to be given on engineering drawings or in separate
Sieves
specifications. Facing materials for laminate composite gasket
F36 Test Method for Compressibility and Recovery of Gas-
materials (LCGM) are included in Classification System F104.
ket Materials
Assembled LCGMs are covered in Classification F868.
F37 Test Methods for Sealability of Gasket Materials
1.2 Since all of the properties that contribute to gasket
F38 Test Methods for Creep Relaxation of a Gasket Material
performance are not included, use of the classification system
F146 Test Methods for Fluid Resistance of Gasket Materials
as a basis for selecting materials is limited.
F147 Test Method for Flexibility of Non-Metallic Gasket
Materials
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information F148 Test Method for Binder Durability of Cork Composi-
tion Gasket Materials
only.
F152 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Nonmetallic
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Gasket Materials
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
F433 Practice for Evaluating Thermal Conductivity of Gas-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ket Materials
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
F607 Test Method for Adhesion of Gasket Materials to
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Metal Surfaces
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
F868 Classification for Laminated Composite Gasket Mate-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
rials
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
F1315 Test Method for Density of a Sheet Gasket Material
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
G21 Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Poly-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
meric Materials to Fungi
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
3.1 This classification system is intended to encourage
2.1 ASTM Standards:
uniformity in reporting properties; to provide a common
C561 Test Method for Ash in a Graphite Sample
language for communications between suppliers and consum-
ers; to guide engineers and designers in the test methods
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F03 on
commonly used for commercially available materials; and to
Gaskets and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.30 on Classification.
be versatile enough to cover new materials and test methods as
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2020. Published January 2020. Originally
they are introduced.
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F104 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/F0104-11R20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F104−11 (2020)
3.2 This system is based on the principle that nonmetallic weightchange,and15to35%thicknesschangeinASTMFuel
gasket materials can be described in terms of specific physical B perTest Methods F146); M4 (no less than 6.895 MPa tensile
and mechanical properties. This enables the user, or producer, strength per Test Methods F152).
to characterize a nonmetallic gasket based on properties that
4.5 The numeral “9” is used when the description of any
are important for the application.
characteristic (or test related thereto) is specified by some
supplement to this classification system, such as notes on
4. Basis of Classification
engineering drawings. This notation may be used to modify a
4.1 To permit “line call-out” of a material’s physical and
test characteristic to a value not available in the tables; define
mechanical properties, this classification system establishes
gasketbindertype;noteuseandtypeofasurfacereleaseagent;
letter and number symbols for various performance levels of
or note use and type of an adhesive system.
each property or characteristic.
Example 3:
4.2 Each “line call out” shall include: Using the same example and adding an L suffix requirement,
ASTM F104 (F725400-B5E66M4L169), since the 9 needs to
- ASTM F104
- In parentheses, the letter “F” followed by 6 numerals be defined on the engineering drawing, it is recommended to
describing the required basic characteristics per 8.1. define the “As Specified” requirement immediately after the
F104 line call out. In this case, for L169, the 1 defines the
-Within the same parentheses, a dash “-” shall follow the basic
characteristics, along with any supplemental characteristics per primary fiber as Aramid, the 6 indicates the secondary fiber is
cellulose both per 8.2, and the 9 is defined immediately after
8.2.
All six (6) numeric fields defining the basic characteristics the line call out as shown here:
ASTM F104 (F725400-B5E66M4L169); L169 (ACM Binder)
must be occupied. If a particular characteristic is not required,
a “0” must be used as a placeholder to indicate such.
NOTE 1—While this “cell-type” format provides the means for close
characterization and specification of each property and combinations of
4.3 The six (6) numeric fields used in the basic character-
properties for a broad range of materials, it is subject to possible
istics define (in order):
misapplications, since impossible property combinations can be coded if
(1) Principal reinforcement
the user is not familiar with available commercial materials. Appendix X1
(2) Manufacturing method
indicates properties, characteristics, and test methods that are normally
(3) Compressibility considered applicable to each type of material.
(4) Thickness increase in IRM 903 oil
5. Thickness Requirements
(5) Weight increase in IRM 903 oil
(6) Weight increase in water
5.1 Thickness tolerance guidelines for materials identified
Example 1:
by this classification system are provided in 8.4. Use of these
ASTM F104 (F725400) describes a gasket material with only
guidelines as a requirement must be based on an agreement
basic characteristics defined as follows: first numeral – 7
between part/material provider and end user.
(non-asbestos fiber, tested as type 1); second numeral – 2
5.2 Unless specified by an ASTM method, default test
(beater process); third numeral – 5 (20 to 30 % compressibility
thickness shall be:
per Test Method F36); forth numeral – 4 (15 to 30 % thickness
All materials except 0.8 mm (0.030 in.)
increase after immersion in IRM 903 Oil per Test Methods
Type 2 and Type 5 Class 1
F146); fifth numeral – 0 (no Requirement for weight increase
Type 2 materials 1.5 to 6.4 mm (0.060 to 0.25 in.)
Type 5, Class 1 materials 0.4 mm (0.015 in.)
in IRM 903 oil per Test Methods F146); sixth numeral – 0 (no
requirement for weight increase in water per Test Methods
6. Sampling
F146).
6.1 Specimens shall be selected from finished gaskets or
4.4 Supplemental characteristics may be added to line call
sheets of suitable size, whichever is the more practicable. If
out based on the needs of the application. The alpha numerics
sheets are used, they shall, where applicable, be cut squarely
usedtospecifyvarioussupplementalcharacteristicsaredefined
with the grain of the stock, and the grain direction shall be
in 8.2.
noted by an arrow. If finished gaskets are used, the dimensions
Example 2:
of sample and any variations from method must be reported.
ASTM F104 (F725400-B5E66M4) describes a gasket material
with the same basic characteristics defined by Example 1, 6.2 Sufficient specimens shall be selected to provide a
along with supplemental characteristics defined as follows: B5 minimum of three determinations for each test specified. The
(30 % creep relaxation per Test Methods F38); E66 (60 % average of the determinations shall be considered as the result.
F104−11 (2020)
7. Conditioning 8.2 Table 2 presents the available supplementary physical
and mechanical characteristics and the defined requirements.
7.1 Prior to all applicable tests, specimens shall be condi-
tioned as follows:
8.3 Table 3 contains guideline material thickness tolerances.
TYPE CLASS CONDITIONING
The tolerances in this table may not be applicable to all types
1 All Except 3 Oven conditioned at 100°C (212°F) for 1 h. Cool to
of gasket materials. These values should not be used as part
21 to 30°C (70 to 85°F) in a desiccator containing
anhydrous calcium chloride. tolerances unless previously agreed on between producer and
1 3 Oven condition at 100 ± 2°C (212 ± 3.6°F) for 4 h.
end user.
Cool to 21 to 30°C (70 to 85°F) in a desiccator
containing anhydrous calcium chloride.
8.4 Thickness:
2 All Controlled humidity room or closed chamber at
21 to 30°C (70 to 85°F) and 50 to 55 % relative
8.4.1 Measure the specimens with a device actuated by a
humidity for at least 46 h.
dead-weight load. The device shall be capable of reading in
0, 3, or 9 All Preconditioned at 21 to 30°C (70 to 85°F) for 4 h
in a closed chamber containing anhydrous calcium 0.02-mm (0.001-in.) or smaller units, and readings shall be
chloride as a desiccant. The air in the chamber shall
estimated to the nearest 0.002 mm (0.0001 in.). The presser
be circulated by gentle mechanical agitation.
foot shall be 6.40 6 0.13 mm (0.252 6 0.005 in.) in diameter.
Specimens shall then be transferred immediately to
a controlled-humidity room or closed chamber with
The anvil shall have a diameter not less than that of the presser
gentle mechanical circulation of the air and conditioned
foot. The pressure on the sample shall be as specified in Table
at 21 to 30°C (70 to 85°F) and 50 to 55 % relative
humidity for at least 20 h. If a mechanical means of 4.
maintaining 50 to 55 % relative humidity is not available,
8.4.2 Take the reading by lowering the presser foot gently
a tray containing a saturated solution of reagent grade
magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)6H2O, shall be placed in
until it is in contact with the specimen. Take a sufficient
the chamber to provide the required relative humidity.
number of readings, depending on the size of the specimen, to
4 All No conditioning required.
provide a reliable average value.
5, 7, or 8 All Oven conditioned at 100°C (212°F) for 1 h. Cool to
21 to 30°C (70 to 85°F) in a desiccator containing
anhydrous calcium chloride.
9. Keywords
7.2 In all cases where testing is conducted outside the area
9.1 classification; description; gasket; line call-out; nonme-
of specified humidity, specimens shall be removed from the
tallic gasket; physical and mechanical properties; specification;
chamber one at a time just prior to testing.
testing
8. Classification Tables
8.1 Table 1 presents the basic 6 numeric fields and the
available physical and mechanical characteristic and the defi-
nition of each placeholder in that field.
F104−11 (2020)
TABLE 1 Basic Physical and Mechanical Characteristics
Basic Six-Digit Number Basic Characteristic
First Numeral “Type” of material (the principal fibrous, particulate, or reinforcement material from which the gasket is made) shall conform to the
first numeral of the basic six-digit number, as follows:
0 = not specified 5 = flexible graphite
1 = asbestos 7 = nonasbestos fiber, tested as Type 1
2 = cork 8 = vermiculite
A
3 = cellulose 9 = as specified
4 = fluorocarbon polymer
Second Numeral Class of material (method of manufacture or common trade designation) shall conform to the second numeral of the basic six-digit
number, as follows:
When first numeral is “0” or “9,” second numeral:
0 = not specified
A
9 = as specified
When first numeral is “1” or “7,” second numeral:
0 = not specified
1 = compressed sheeter process
2 = beater process
3 = paper and millboard
A
9 = as specified
When first numeral is “2,” second numeral:
0 = not specified
1 = cork composition (Class 1)
2 = cork and elastomeric (Class 2)
3 = cork and cellular rubber (Class 3)
A
9 = as specified
When first numeral is “3,” second numeral:
0 = not specified
1 = untreated fiber—tag, chipboard, vulcanized fiber, etc. (Class 1)
2 = protein treated (Class 2)
3 = elastomeric treated (Class 3)
4 = thermosetting resin treated (Class 4)
A
9 = as specified
When first numeral is “4,” second numeral:
0 = not specified
1 = sheet PTFE
2 = PTFE of expanded structure
3 = PTFE filaments, braided, or woven
4 = PTFE felts
5 = filled PTFE
9 = as specified
When first numeral is “5” or “8,” second numeral:
0 = not specified
1 = homogeneous sheet
2 = laminated sheet
A
9 = as specified
Third Numeral Compressibility characteristics, determined in accordance with Test Method F36, shall conform to the percent indicated by the third
numeral of the basic six-digit number. (Example: 4 = 15 to 25 %)
0 = not specified 5 = 20 to 30 %
1=0 to 10 % 6=25 to 40%
2=5 to 15 %* 7=30 to 50%
3=10 to 20% 8=40 to 60%
A
4 = 15 to 25 % 9 = as specified
* 7 to 17 % for compressed sheeter process
B
Fourth Numeral Thickness increase when immersed in IRM 903 Oil: determined in accordance with Test Method F146, shall conform
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