ASTM F2245-06
(Specification)Standard Specification for Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane
Standard Specification for Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers airworthiness requirements for the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an "airplane."
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to VFR flight.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
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Designation: F 2245 – 06
Standard Specification for
1
Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2245; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope unusable fuel. Hence, the maximum empty weight equals
maximumtakeoffweightminusminimumusefulload:W =W
E
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversairworthinessrequirementsfor
− W .
U
the design of powered fixed wing light sport aircraft, an
3.1.3 minimum useful load, W (lb)—where W = W − W .
U U E
“airplane.”
3.1.4 night—hoursbetweentheendofeveningciviltwilight
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light
and the beginning of morning civil twilight.
sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Civiltwilightendsintheeveningwhen
VFR flight.
the center of the sun’s disc is 6 degrees below the horizon, and
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
begins in the morning when the center of the sun’s disc is 6
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
degrees below the horizon.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Abbreviations:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2
3.2.1 AR—aspect ratio = b S
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
/
3.2.2 b—wing span, (ft)
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.3 BHP—brake horse power
2
3.2.4 c—chord, (ft)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.5 CAS—calibrated air speed, (fps, kts, mph)
F2316 Specification for Airframe Emergency Parachutes
3.2.6 C —lift coefficient of the airplane
for Light Sport Aircraft
L
3.2.7 C —drag coefficient of the airplane
F2339 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocat- D
3.2.8 CG—center of gravity
ing Spark Ignition Engines for Light Sport Aircraft
3
3.2.9 C —moment coefficient (C is with respect to c/4
2.2 Federal Aviation Regulations: m m
point, positive nose up)
FAR-33 Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines
4
3.2.10 C —zero lift moment coefficient
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements: MO
3.2.11 C —normal coefficient
JAR-E Engines
n
3.2.12 FPM—feet per minute
JAR-22 Sailplanes and Powered Sailplanes
2
3.2.13 g—acceleration as a result of gravity = 32.2 ft/s
3. Terminology
3.2.14 IAS—indicated air speed (fps, kts, mph)
3.2.15 ICAO—International Civil Aviation Organization
3.1 Definitions:
3.2.16 LSA—light sport aircraft
3.1.1 flaps—any movable high lift device.
3.2.17 MAC—mean aerodynamic chord
3.1.2 maximum empty weight, W (lb)—largest empty
E
3.2.18 n—load factor
weightoftheairplane,includingalloperationalequipmentthat
3.2.19 n —airplane positive maneuvering limit load factor
is installed in the airplane: weight of the airframe, powerplant,
1
3.2.20 n —airplane negative maneuvering limit load factor
required equipment, optional and specific equipment, fixed
2
3.2.21 n —load factor on wheels
ballast, full engine coolant and oil, hydraulic fluid, and the
3
3.2.22 POH—Pilot Operating Handbook
2
2
3.2.23 q—dynamic pressure= ~V 19.77! 5 V 391
/ /
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F37 on Light 2
lb/ft , when V is in mph
SportAircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.20 onAirplane.
2
3.2.24 S—wing area (ft )
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2006. Published October 2006. Originally
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F2245–04. 3.2.25 V—airspeed (mph)
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.26 V —design maneuvering speed
A
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.27 V —design cruising speed
C
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3.2.28 V —design diving speed
the ASTM website.
D
3
Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 Independence
3.2.29 V —demonstrated flight diving speed (V # V )
DF DF D
Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http://www.faa.gov.
3.2.30 V —design flap speed
4 F
Available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way, East
Englewood, CO 80112-5704, http://global.ihs.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2245–06
3.2.31 V —maximum flap extended speed 4.3 Propeller Speed and Pitch Limits—Propeller configura-
FE
tion shall not allow the engine to exceed safe operating limits
3.2.32 V —maximum speed in level flight with maximum
H
established by the engine manufacturer under normal condi-
continuous power (corrected for sea level standard conditions)
tions.
3.2.33 V —never ex
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F2245–04 Designation: F 2245 – 06
Standard Specification for
1
Design and Performance of a Light Sport Airplane
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2245; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversairworthinessrequirementsforthedesignofpoweredfixedwinglightsportaircraft,an“airplane.”
1.2 This specification is applicable to the design of a light sport aircraft/airplane as defined by regulations and limited to day
VFR flight.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F2316F2316 Specification for Airframe Emergency Parachutes for Light Sport Aircraft
F2339F2339 Practice for Design and Manufacture of Reciprocating Spark Ignition Engines for Light Sport Aircraft
3
2.2 Federal Aviation Regulations:
FAR-33 Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines
4
2.3 Joint Aviation Requirements:
JAR-E Engines
JAR-22 Sailplanes and Powered Sailplanes
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 flaps—any movable high lift device.
3.1.2 maximum empty weight, W (lb)—largest empty weight of the airplane, including all operational equipment that is
E
installed in the airplane: weight of the airframe, powerplant, required equipment, optional and specific equipment, fixed ballast,
full engine coolant and oil, hydraulic fluid, and the unusable fuel. Hence, the maximum empty weight equals maximum takeoff
weight minus minimum useful load: W = W − W .
E U
3.1.3 minimum useful load, W (lb)—where W = W − W .
U U E
3.1.4 night—hours between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Civil twilight ends in the evening when the center of the sun’s disc is 6 degrees below the horizon, and
begins in the morning when the center of the sun’s disc is 6 degrees below the horizon.
3.2 Abbreviations:
2
3.2.1 AR—aspect ratio = b S
/
3.2.2 b—wing span, (ft)
3.2.3 BHP—brake horse power
3.2.4 c—chord, (ft)
3.2.5 CAS—calibrated air speed, (fps, kts, mph)
3.2.6 C — lift coefficient of the airplane
L
3.2.7 C — drag coefficient of the airplane
D
3.2.8 CG—center of gravity
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F37 on Light Sport Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.20 on Airplane.
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published August 2004.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2006. Published October 2006. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F2245–04.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20591.
3
Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 Independence Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http://www.faa.gov.
4
Available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way, East Englewood, CO 80112-5704, http://global.ihs.com.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2245–06
3.2.9 C — moment coefficient (C is with respect to c/4 point, positive nose up)
m m
3.2.10 C — zero lift moment coefficient
MO
3.2.11 C — normal coefficient
n
3.2.12 FPM—feet per minute
2
3.2.13 g—acceleration as a result of gravity = 32.2 ft/s
3.2.14 IAS—indicated air speed (fps, kts, mph)
3.2.15 ICAO—International Civil Aviation Organization
3.2.16 LSA—light sport aircraft
3.2.17 MAC—mean aerodynamic chord
3.2.18 n—load factor
3.2.19 n —airplane positive maneuvering limit load factor
1
3.2.20 n —airplane negative maneuvering limit load factor
2
3.2.21 n —load factor on wheels
3
3.2.22 POH—Pilot Operating Handbook
2
2 2
3.2.23 q—dynamic pressure= V 19.77 5 V 391 lb/ft , when V is in mph
~ !
/ /
2
3.2.24 S—wing area (ft )
3.2.25 V—airspeed (mph)
3.2.26 V — design maneuvering speed
A
3.2.27 V — design cruising speed
C
3.2.2
...
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