ASTM C565-15(2021)

Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Carbon and Graphite Mechanical Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods may be used for quality control testing of established grades of carbon and graphite materials, in the development of new grades, and for other purposes where relative strength levels are the primary quantities of interest. This test method may be applicable only if the ratio of specimen diameter to grain size, or flaw size, is greater than 5.  
4.2 These test methods do not substitute for that described in Test Method C749, but are useful where less sophisticated data and less expensive techniques are sufficient.  
4.3 Carbon and graphite materials exhibit significant physical property differences within parent materials. Exact sampling patterns and grain orientations must be specified in order to make meaningful tensile strength comparisons.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the apparatus, specimen, and procedures for the tension testing of carbon and graphite mechanical materials with a grain size smaller than 0.79 mm.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—All of the figures are dimensioned in inches in accordance with the original standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2021
• ICS: 71.060.10 - Chemical elements
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.F0 - Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products

Relations

• Refers: ASTM C749-15(2020) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Stress-Strain of Carbon and Graphite
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM C749-15 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Stress-Strain of Carbon and Graphite
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2015
• Refers: ASTM E4-14 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2014
• Refers: ASTM C749-13 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Stress-Strain of Carbon and Graphite
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Refers: ASTM E4-10 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2010
• Refers: ASTM C749-08(2010)e1 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Stress-Strain of Carbon and Graphite
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Refers: ASTM E4-09a - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2009
• Refers: ASTM E6-09be1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Refers: ASTM E6-09b - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Refers: ASTM E4-09 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Refers: ASTM E6-09a - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Refers: ASTM E6-09 - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2009
• Refers: ASTM E4-08 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2008
• Refers: ASTM E6-08a - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Refers: ASTM C749-08 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Stress-Strain of Carbon and Graphite
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2008

Overview

ASTM C565-15(2021): Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Carbon and Graphite Mechanical Materials establishes standardized procedures for assessing the tensile strength of carbon and graphite materials with grain sizes under 0.79 mm. Developed by ASTM International, this standard is widely referenced for its reliability and consistency in evaluating key mechanical properties of these materials, with a focus on practical quality control and material development applications.

This international standard supports organizations in ensuring product quality, performance verification, and the comparison of mechanical properties across different grades and batches. By adhering to this standard, users can achieve uniformity in test results while maintaining compliance with recognized global best practices.

Key Topics

• Scope and Applicability:

  • Applies to carbon and graphite mechanical materials with grain sizes less than 0.79 mm.
  • Ensures the test method is suitable when specimen diameter to grain or flaw size ratio exceeds 5.
  • Specifies the use of SI units as standard with exception for figures in inches.

• Significance and Use:

  • Useful for quality control of established grades and development of new grades.
  • Provides comparative data on relative strength levels for various applications.
  • Not intended to replace more advanced methods (such as ASTM C749) but suitable for less sophisticated, cost-effective testing needs.

• Testing Procedures:

  • Describes requirements for test apparatus, specimen preparation, and gripping devices.
  • Emphasizes the importance of proper specimen machining, hand polishing, and correct setup to avoid test inaccuracies.
  • Details fracture zone identification and conditions for reporting or discarding test results.

• Data Reporting:

  • Specifies the reporting of manufacturer, material identification, average ultimate tensile strength, testing methods, sample count, standard deviation, and specimen orientation.
  • Outlines necessary statistical treatment for test data, including means and variance comparison, to support meaningful analysis.

Applications

• Quality Control in Manufacturing:
  ASTM C565-15(2021) is essential for routine testing to verify that carbon and graphite mechanical materials meet minimum strength requirements. Consistent implementation allows manufacturers to maintain high-quality standards and identify material inconsistencies early.

• Material Research and Development:
  This standard is invaluable for developing new grades of carbon and graphite, allowing R&D teams to compare tensile strengths objectively and optimize formulations for improved performance.

• Comparative Evaluation:
  When selecting materials for engineering applications such as seals, bearings, or structural components, ASTM C565-15(2021) provides a basis for comparing ultimate tensile strengths across suppliers or production lots.

• Regulatory and Contractual Compliance:
  Organizations relying on international trade or subject to contractual quality clauses can reference this ASTM standard to demonstrate alignment with globally recognized testing procedures.

Related Standards

• ASTM C749:
  Test Method for Tensile Stress-Strain of Carbon and Graphite - Offers more sophisticated data and testing techniques that may be required for advanced engineering applications.

• ASTM E4:
  Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines - Ensures the reliability and accuracy of force measurement devices used during tension testing.

• ASTM E6:
  Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing - Provides standardized vocabulary for clarity in testing documentation.

By leveraging ASTM C565-15(2021), organizations ensure a standardized, practical approach for tension testing of carbon and graphite, supporting superior material performance, compliance, and global marketability.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C565 − 15 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Methods for
Tension Testing of Carbon and Graphite Mechanical
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C565; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 tensile strength, n—property of solid material that
indicates its ability to withstand a uniaxial tensile load,
1.1 These test methods cover the apparatus, specimen, and
converted to unit stress based on the original cross-section area
procedures for the tension testing of carbon and graphite
of the tensile test specimen.
mechanical materials with a grain size smaller than 0.79 mm.
3.1.3 ultimate tensile strength, n—the maximum tensile
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
stress applied in stretching a specimen to rupture.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.2.1 Exception—All of the figures are dimensioned in
4.1 These test methods may be used for quality control
inches in accordance with the original standard.
testing of established grades of carbon and graphite materials,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in the development of new grades, and for other purposes
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
where relative strength levels are the primary quantities of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
interest. This test method may be applicable only if the ratio of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
specimen diameter to grain size, or flaw size, is greater than 5.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2 These test methods do not substitute for that described
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
in Test Method C749, but are useful where less sophisticated
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
data and less expensive techniques are sufficient.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.3 Carbon and graphite materials exhibit significant physi-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
cal property differences within parent materials. Exact sam-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
pling patterns and grain orientations must be specified in order
to make meaningful tensile strength comparisons.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Apparatus
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C749 Test Method for Tensile Stress-Strain of Carbon and
5.1 Testing Machine—The machine used for tension testing
Graphite
shall conform to the requirements of Practices E4. The testing
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
machine shall have a capacity that the breaking load of the test
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
specimen falls between 10 % and 90 % of the scale capacity.
3. Terminology 5.2 Gripping Devices—Gripping devices that conform to
the principles of those illustrated in Fig. 1 shall be used
3.1 Definitions:
(dimensions that reflect the use of SI units are permissible).
3.1.1 The definitions of terms relating to tension testing in
These gripping devices shall be attached to the heads of the
Terminology E6 shall be considered as applying to the terms
testing machine through chain connectors. Fig. 2 shows the
used in these test methods.
gripping device connected to the heads. Extreme care shall be
taken that the axis of the test specimen is located on the center
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
line of the head of the testing machine.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published May 2021. Originally 6. Test Specimens
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C565 – 15. DOI:
6.1 Test specimens shall be produced to the configuration
10.1520/C0565-15R21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or shown in Fig. 3.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.2 Improperly prepared test specimens often cause unsat-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. isfactory test results. It is important, therefore, that care be
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C565 − 15 (2021)
FIG. 2 Test Setup
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in inches.
NOTE 2—Material is stainless steel.
NOTE 3—Surface finish of working surfaces, 11 microinches AA or
better.
NOTE 4—Break all sharp corners.
NOTE5—Topandbottomcollarstobesplitintotwo180°sections.Max
cutwidth not to exceed ⁄16 in.
FIG. 1 Gripping Devices
exercised in the preparation of specimens, particularly in the
machining and polishing.
...