ASTM D1291-06

Standard Practice for Estimation of Chlorine Demand of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Chlorine is added to potable water, waste water, and industrial water for a variety of purposes. Some of these purposes are:
5.1.1 To eliminate or reduce the growth of microorganisms in water,
5.1.2 To destroy or modify decomposable organic substances so as to reduce the biochemical oxygen demand of the water,
5.1.3 To eliminate or reduce taste, odors, and color in the water,
5.1.4 To separate grease in waste water by eliminating the protective colloidal effect of proteins present, and
5.1.5 To destroy or modify substances in the waste water that react directly by oxidation, such as ammonia, cyanates, cyanides, ferrous iron, nitrites, phenol, phosphorus, sulfides, sulfites, thiocyanates, and other oxidizable constituents.
It is important to avoid over-chlorination in order to minimize chemical consumption, meet restrictions specified by regulatory agencies, and minimize equipment degradation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a means of estimating the quantity of chlorine required to be added to a unit volume of water to accomplish a predetermined treatment objective or to completely react with all chlorine reactable substances in the water, or both.
1.2 Temperature, pH, and initial chlorine dosage are all variables in estimating the optimum chlorination practice. The effects of these variables can be evaluated using this practice.
1.3 Chlorine residual is determined using Test Method D 1253.
1.4 This practice is applicable to all types of water in which the stated treatment objective can be evaluated or residual chlorine can be measured, or both.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Note 1.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2006
• ICS: 13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1291-01 - Standard Practice for Estimation of Chlorine Requirement or Demand of Water, or Both
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2006
• Replaced By: ASTM D1291-06(2011) - Standard Practice for Estimation of Chlorine Demand of Water
• Effective Date: 01-May-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1291–06
Standard Practice for
1
Estimation of Chlorine Demand of Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1291; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 chlorine demand—the amount of chlorine that must
be added to a unit volume of water under specified conditions
1.1 This practice provides a means of estimating the quan-
of pH, temperature, and contact time to completely react with
tity of chlorine required to be added to a unit volume of water
all chlorine-reactable substances in the water. It is defined as
to accomplish a predetermined treatment objective or to
the difference between the amount of chlorine applied and the
completely react with all chlorine reactable substances in the
amount of free chlorine remaining at the end of the contact
water, or both.
period.
1.2 Temperature, pH, and initial chlorine dosage are all
3.1.2 chlorine requirement—the amount of chlorine that
variables in estimating the optimum chlorination practice. The
must be added to a unit volume of water under specified
effects of these variables can be evaluated using this practice.
conditions of pH, temperature, and contact time to achieve the
1.3 Chlorine residual is determined using Test Method
objectives of chlorination.
D1253.
3.2 Definitions—For definitions relating to this practice, see
1.4 This practice is applicable to all types of water in which
Terminology D1129.
the stated treatment objective can be evaluated or residual
chlorine can be measured, or both.
4. Summary of Practice
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Known amounts of chlorine are added to a series of 500
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mL aliquots of sample. The treated sample aliquots are
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
permitted to stand for a specified contact time (or a variety of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
different specified contact times) under specified conditions of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
pH and temperature.At the end of the contact time, the sample
hazard statement, see Note 1.
aliquots are either analyzed for chlorine content by Test
2. Referenced Documents Method D1253 or subjected to whatever evaluative technique
2
is required to establish accomplishment of the treatment
2.1 ASTM Standards:
objective, or both.
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
5. Significance and Use
D1253 Test Method for Residual Chlorine in Water
5.1 Chlorine is added to potable water, waste water, and
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
industrial water for a variety of purposes. Some of these
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
purposes are:
3. Terminology 5.1.1 To eliminate or reduce the growth of microorganisms
in water,
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.1.2 To destroy or modify decomposable organic sub-
stances so as to reduce the biochemical oxygen demand of the
1
water,
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and 5.1.3 To eliminate or reduce taste, odors, and color in the
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
water,
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
5.1.4 To separate grease in waste water by eliminating the
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2006. Published September 2006. Originally
protective colloidal effect of proteins present, and
approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D1291 – 01. DOI:
10.1520/D1291-06.
5.1.5 To destroy or modify substances in the waste water
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
that react directly by oxidation, such as ammonia, cyanates,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
cyanides, ferrous iron, nitrites, phenol, phosphorus, sulfides,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. sulfites, thiocyanates, and other oxidizable constituents.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1291–06
5.2 It is important to avoid over-chlorination in order to 7.5.3.2 Add 10 mL of acetic acid (1 + 1) (see 7.3) and 10
minimize chemical consumption, meet restrictions specified by mL of potassium iodide solution (see 7.8).
regulatory agencies, and
...