iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D1822-06

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Tensile-Impact Energy to Break Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials

Standard Test Method for Tensile-Impact Energy to Break Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the energy required to rupture standard tension-impact specimens of plastic or electrical insulating materials. Materials that can be tested by this test method are those too flexible or too thin to be tested in accordance with Test Methods D 256, as well as more rigid materials.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are for information only.
Note 1—This test method is not equivalent to ISO 8256, and results cannot be directly compared between the two methods.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Mar-2006
ICS
29.035.20 - Plastics and rubber insulating materials
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.10 - Mechanical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1822-99 - Standard Test Method for Tensile-Impact Energy to Break Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM F1855-00(2019) - Standard Specification for Polyoxymethylene (Acetal) for Medical Applications
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM F1635-16 - Standard Test Method for <emph type="bdit">in vitro</emph> Degradation Testing of Hydrolytically Degradable Polymer Resins and Fabricated Forms for Surgical Implants
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D4101-17e1 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D4000-23 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D4762-18 - Standard Guide for Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM F2136-18 - Standard Test Method for Notched, Constant Ligament-Stress (NCLS) Test to Determine Slow-Crack-Growth Resistance of HDPE Resins or HDPE Corrugated Pipe
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D638-22 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006
Referred By
ASTM D2990-17 - Standard Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plastics
Effective Date
15-Mar-2006

Buy Standard

ASTM D1822-06 - Standard Test Method for Tensile-Impact Energy to Break Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsASTM D1822-06 - Standard Test Method for Tensile-Impact Energy to Break Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D1822-06 - Standard Test Method for Tensile-Impact Energy to Break Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
English language
10 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1822 − 06
StandardTest Method for
Tensile-Impact Energy to Break Plastics and Electrical
1
Insulating Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E23Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Me-
tallic Materials
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the energy
required to rupture standard tension-impact specimens of
3. Terminology
plastic or electrical insulating materials. Materials that can be
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms applying to this test
tested by this test method are those too flexible or too thin to
be tested in accordance with Test Methods D256, as well as method appear in Terminology D883.
more rigid materials.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.1 The energy utilized in this test method is delivered by a
standard.Thevaluesgiveninbracketsareforinformationonly.
single swing of a calibrated pendulum of a standardized
NOTE 1—This test method is not equivalent to ISO 8256, and results
tension-impact machine. The energy to fracture by shock in
cannot be directly compared between the two methods.
tension is determined by the kinetic energy extracted from the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pendulum of an impact machine in the process of breaking the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specimen. One end of the specimen is mounted in the pendu-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
lum. The other end of the specimen is gripped by a crosshead
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
whichtravelswiththependulumuntiltheinstantofimpactand
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
instant of maximum pendulum kinetic energy, when the
crosshead is arrested.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D256Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum
5.1 Tensile-impact energy is the energy required to break a
Impact Resistance of Plastics
standard tension-impact specimen in tension by a single swing
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
of a standard calibrated pendulum under a set of standard
D638Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
conditions (Note 2). In order to compensate for the minor
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
differencesincross-sectionalareaofthespecimensastheywill
D1822Test Method for Tensile-Impact Energy to Break
occur in the preparation of the specimens, the energy to break
Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
can be normalized to units of kilojoules per square metre (or
3
D1898Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
foot-pounds-forcepersquareinch)ofminimumcross-sectional
D4000Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
area.Analternativeapproachtonormalizingtheimpactenergy
als
that compensates for these minor differences and still retains
D4066Classification System for Nylon Injection and Extru-
thetestunitasjoules[foot-pounds]isshowninSection 11.For
sion Materials (PA)
aperfectlyelasticmaterialtheimpactenergymightbereported
perunitvolumeofmaterialundergoingdeformation.However,
since much of the energy to break the plastic materials for
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
which this test method is written is dissipated in drawing of
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
only a portion of the test region, such normalization on a
Current edition approved March 15, 2006. Published March 2006. Originally
volume basis is not feasible. The test method permits two
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D1822-99.
2
specimen geometries so that the effect of elongation or rate of
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
extension, or both, upon the result can be observed. With the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Type S (short) specimen the extension is comparatively low,
the ASTM website. DOI: 10.1520/D1822-06.
3
while with the Type L (long) specimen the extension is
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. comparatively high. In general, the Type S specimen (with its
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

------------------
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D785-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A Rockwell hardness number is a number derived from the net increase in depth impression as the load on an indenter is increased from a fixed minor load to a major load and then returned to a minor load (Procedure A). A Rockwell alpha (α) hardness number represents the maximum possible remaining travel of a short-stroke machine from the net depth of impression, as the load on the indenter is increased from a fixed minor load to a major load (Procedure B). Indenters are round steel balls of specific diameters. Rockwell hardness numbers are always quoted with a scale symbol representing the indenter size, load, and dial scale used. This test method is based on Test Methods E18. Procedure A (Section 11) yields the indentation of the specimen remaining 15 s after a given major load is released to a standard 10-kg minor load. Procedure B (Section 12) yields the indentation of the indenter into the specimen after a 15-s application of the major load while the load is still applied. Each Rockwell scale division represents 0.002-mm (0.00008-in.) vertical movement of the indenter. In practice, the Rockwell hardness number is derived from the following relationship:  
     where:
  HR  =  the Rockwell hardness number, and   e  =  the depth of impression after removal of the major load, in units of 0.002 mm. This relation only holds for the E, M, L, R, and K scales.    
4.2 A Rockwell hardness number is directly related to the indentation hardness of a plastic material, with the higher the reading the harder the material. An α hardness number is equal to 150 minus the instrument reading. Due to a short overlap of Rockwell hardness scales by Procedure A, two different dial readings on different scales may be obtained on the same material, both of which may be technically correct.  
4.3 For certain types of materials having creep and recovery, the time factors involved in applications of major and minor loads have a considerable effect on the results of the measureme...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for testing the indention hardness of plastics and related plastic electrical insulating materials by means of the Rockwell hardness tester.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 2039-2 are equivalent. Procedure A of this test method is equivalent to the test method in the main body of ISO 2039-2. Procedure B of this test method is equivalent to the test method in the integral annex part of ISO 2039-2.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D256-23e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Before proceeding with these test methods, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in these test methods. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply.  
5.2 The pendulum impact test indicates the energy to break standard test specimens of specified size under stipulated parameters of specimen mounting, notching, and pendulum velocity-at-impact.  
5.3 The energy lost by the pendulum during the breakage of the specimen is the sum of the following:  
5.3.1 Energy to initiate fracture of the specimen;  
5.3.2 Energy to propagate the fracture across the specimen;  
5.3.3 Energy to throw the free end (or ends) of the broken specimen (“toss correction”);  
5.3.4 Energy to bend the specimen;  
5.3.5 Energy to produce vibration in the pendulum arm;  
5.3.6 Energy to produce vibration or horizontal movement of the machine frame or base;  
5.3.7 Energy to overcome friction in the pendulum bearing and in the indicating mechanism, and to overcome windage (pendulum air drag);  
5.3.8 Energy to indent or deform plastically the specimen at the line of impact; and  
5.3.9 Energy to overcome the friction caused by the rubbing of the striker (or other part of the pendulum) over the face of the bent specimen.  
5.4 For relatively brittle materials, for which fracture propagation energy is small in comparison with the fracture initiation energy, the indicated impact energy absorbed is, for all practical purposes, the sum of factors 5.3.1 and 5.3.3. The toss correction (see 5.3.3) may represent a very large fraction of the total energy absorbed when testing relatively dense and brittle materials. Test Method C shall be used for materials that have an Izod impact resistance of less than 27 J/m (0.5 ft·lbf/in.). (See Appendix X4 for optional units.) T...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the resistance of plastics to “standardized” (see Note 1) pendulum-type hammers, mounted in “standardized” machines, in breaking standard specimens with one pendulum swing (see Note 2). The standard tests for these test methods require specimens made with a milled notch (see Note 3). In Test Methods A, C, and D, the notch produces a stress concentration that increases the probability of a brittle, rather than a ductile, fracture. In Test Method E, the impact resistance is obtained by reversing the notched specimen 180° in the clamping vise. The results of all test methods are reported in terms of energy absorbed per unit of specimen width or per unit of cross-sectional area under the notch. (See Note 4.)
Note 1: The machines with their pendulum-type hammers have been “standardized” in that they must comply with certain requirements, including a fixed height of hammer fall that results in a substantially fixed velocity of the hammer at the moment of impact. However, hammers of different initial energies (produced by varying their effective weights) are recommended for use with specimens of different impact resistance. Moreover, manufacturers of the equipment are permitted to use different lengths and constructions of pendulums with possible differences in pendulum rigidities resulting. (See Section 5.) Be aware that other differences in machine design may exist. The specimens are “standardized” in that they are required to have one fixed length, one fixed depth, and one particular design of milled notch. The width of the specimens is permitted to vary between limits.
Note 2: Results generated using pendulums that utilize a load cell to record the impact force and thus impact energy, may not be equivalent to results that are generated using manually or digitally encoded testers that measure the energy remaining in the pendulum after impact.
Note 3: The notch in the Iz...

  • Standard
    20 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7793-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Insulated Vinyl Siding

SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for insulated vinyl siding, which is vinyl siding with integral foam plastic insulating material, where the vinyl siding is manufactured from rigid PVC compound. Compliance with this standard requires insulated vinyl siding to demonstrate a thermal insulation value of R-2.0 or greater. Other performance requirements and test methods addressed by this standard include materials properties and dimensions, warp, shrinkage, impact strength, expansion, appearance, thermal distortion resistance, flame spread, and windload resistance. Methods of indicating compliance with this specification are also provided.
Note 1: Insulated vinyl siding is composed of two major components: the vinyl siding and the insulating material. It is intended that the vinyl siding portion comply with Specification D3679. Applicable portions of Specification D3679 are included in this specification. Additional requirements that pertain only to the insulation as a separate material, or to the combination of vinyl siding and insulation as a whole, are also included. For further explanation, see Appendix X1.  
1.2 Insulated vinyl siding shall be tested with the insulation material in place or removed, as specified in the applicable requirement or test method.  
1.3 The use of PVC recycled plastic in this product shall be in accordance with the requirements in Section ‎4.  
1.4 Insulated vinyl siding produced to this specification shall be installed in accordance with Practice D4756. Reference shall also be made to the manufacturer's installation instructions for the specific product to be installed.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    14 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1822-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile-Impact Resistance of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tensile-impact energy is the energy required to break a standard tension-impact specimen in tension by a single swing of a standard calibrated pendulum under a set of standard conditions (see Note 2). To compensate for the minor differences in cross-sectional area of the specimens, the energy to break is normalized to units of kilojoules per square metre (or foot-pounds-force per square inch) of minimum cross-sectional area. An alternative approach to normalizing the impact energy that compensates for these minor differences and still retains the test unit as joules (foot-pounds) is shown in Section 10. For a perfectly elastic material, the impact energy is usually reported per unit volume of material undergoing deformation. However, since much of the energy to break the plastic materials for which this test method is written is dissipated in drawing of only a portion of the test region, such normalization on a volume basis is not feasible. In order to observe the effect of elongation or rate of extension, or both, upon the result, the test method permits two specimen geometries. Results obtained with different capacity machines generally are not comparable.  
5.1.1 With the Type S (short) specimen the extension is comparatively low, while with the Type L (long) specimen the extension is comparatively high. In general, the Type S specimen (with its greater occurrence of brittle fracture) gives greater reproducibility, but less differentiation among materials.
Note 2: Friction losses are largely eliminated by careful design and proper operation of the testing machine.  
5.2 Scatter of data is sometimes attributed to different failure mechanisms within a group of specimens. Some materials exhibit a transition between different failure mechanisms. If so, the elongation will be critically dependent on the rate of extension encountered in the test. The impact energy values for a group of such specimens will have an abnormally large dispersion.  
5.2.1 Some mater...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the energy required to rupture standard tension-impact specimens of plastic materials. Rigid materials are suitable for testing by this method as well as specimens that are too flexible or thin to be tested in accordance with other impact test methods.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 8256 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D618-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Conditioning of specimens is typically conducted: (1) for the purpose of bringing the material into equilibrium with normal or average room conditions, (2) simply to obtain reproducible results, regardless of previous history of exposure, or (3) to subject the material to abnormal conditions of temperature or humidity in order to predict its service behavior.  
4.2 The conditioning procedures prescribed in this practice are designed to obtain reproducible results and have the potential to give physical values somewhat higher or somewhat lower than values under equilibrium at normal conditions, depending upon the particular material and test. Depending on the thickness, type of material and its previous history, it is possible that it would take 20 to 100 days or more to ensure substantial equilibrium under normal conditions of humidity and temperature. Consequently, conditioning for reproducibility must of necessity be used for general purchase specifications and product control tests.
SCOPE
1.1 In general, the physical and electrical properties of plastics are influenced by temperature and relative humidity in a manner that materially affects test results. In order to make reliable comparisons between different materials and between different laboratories, it is necessary to standardize the humidity conditions, as well as the temperature, to which specimens of these materials are subjected prior to and during testing. This practice defines procedures for conditioning plastics (although not necessarily to equilibrium) prior to testing, and the conditions under which they shall be tested.  
1.2 For some materials, it is possible that a material specification exists that requires the use of this practice, but with some procedural modifications. The material specification takes precedence over this practice. Refer to the material specification before using this practice. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM material specifications that currently exist.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This standard and ISO 291 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content. ISO 291 describes only two temperature and humidity conditions for conditioning or testing, or both.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D790-17(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Flexural properties as determined by this test method are especially useful for quality control and specification purposes. They include:  
5.1.1 Flexural Stress (σf)—When a homogeneous elastic material is tested in flexure as a simple beam supported at two points and loaded at the midpoint, the maximum stress in the outer surface of the test specimen occurs at the midpoint. Flexural stress is calculated for any point on the load-deflection curve using equation (Eq 3) in Section 12 (see Notes 5 and 6).
Note 5: Eq 3 applies strictly to materials for which stress is linearly proportional to strain up to the point of rupture and for which the strains are small. Since this is not always the case, a slight error will be introduced if Eq 3 is used to calculate stress for materials that are not true Hookean materials. The equation is valid for obtaining comparison data and for specification purposes, but only up to a maximum fiber strain of 5 % in the outer surface of the test specimen for specimens tested by the procedures described herein.
Note 6: When testing highly orthotropic laminates, the maximum stress may not always occur in the outer surface of the test specimen.4 Laminated beam theory must be applied to determine the maximum tensile stress at failure. If Eq 3 is used to calculate stress, it will yield an apparent strength based on homogeneous beam theory. This apparent strength is highly dependent on the ply-stacking sequence of highly orthotropic laminates.  
5.1.2 Flexural Stress for Beams Tested at Large Support Spans (σf)—If support span-to-depth ratios greater than 16 to 1 are used such that deflections in excess of 10 % of the support span occur, the stress in the outer surface of the specimen for a simple beam is reasonably approximated using equation (Eq 4) in 12.3 (see Note 7).
Note 7: When large support span-to-depth ratios are used, significant end forces are developed at the support noses which will affect the moment in a simple supported...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are used to determine the flexural properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics, including high modulus composites and electrical insulating materials utilizing a three-point loading system to apply a load to a simply supported beam (specimen). The method is generally applicable to both rigid and semi-rigid materials, but flexural strength cannot be determined for those materials that do not break or yield in the outer surface of the test specimen within the 5.0 % strain limit.  
1.2 Test specimens of rectangular cross section are injection molded or, cut from molded or extruded sheets or plates, or cut from molded or extruded shapes. Specimens must be solid and uniformly rectangular. The specimen rests on two supports and is loaded by means of a loading nose midway between the supports.  
1.3 Measure deflection in one of two ways; using crosshead position or a deflectometer. Please note that studies have shown that deflection data obtained with a deflectometer will differ from data obtained using crosshead position. The method of deflection measurement shall be reported.  
Note 1: Requirements for quality control in production environments are usually met by measuring deflection using crosshead position. However, more accurate measurement may be obtained by using an deflection indicator such as a deflectometer.
Note 2: Materials that do not rupture by the maximum strain allowed under this test method may be more suited to a 4-point bend test. The basic difference between the two test methods is in the location of the maximum bending moment and maximum axial fiber stresses. The maximum axial fiber stresses occur on a line under the loading nose in 3-point bending and over the area between the loading noses in 4-point bending. A four-point loading system method can be found in Test Method D6272.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values provided i...

  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    12 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6272-17e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials by Four-Point Bending

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Flexural properties determined by this test method are especially useful for quality control and specification purposes.  
5.2 This test method is recommended for those materials that do not fail within the strain limits imposed by Test Method D790. The major difference between four point and three point bending modes is the location of the maximum bending moment and maximum axial fiber stress. In four point bending the maximum axial fiber stress is uniformly distributed between the loading noses. In three point bending the maximum axial fiber stress is located immediately under the loading nose.  
5.3 Flexural properties vary with specimen depth, temperature, atmospheric conditions, and the difference in rate of straining specified in Procedures A and B.  
5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters covered in the material specification, or both, shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then these default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of flexural properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics, including high-modulus composites and electrical insulating materials in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. These test methods are generally applicable to rigid and semirigid materials. However, flexural strength cannot be determined for those materials that do not break or that do not fail in the outer fibers. This test method utilizes a four point loading system applied to a simply supported beam.  
1.2 This test method describes two procedures (Procedure A and Procedure B), the selection of which depends on the behavior of the sample to be tested as explained below:  
1.2.1 Procedure A, designed principally for materials that break at comparatively small deflections. It shall be used for measurement of flexural properties, particularly flexural modulus, unless the material specification states otherwise.  
1.2.2 Procedure B, designed particularly for those materials that undergo large deflections during testing. It is suitable for measurement of flexural strength.  
1.3 Comparative tests are permitted to be run according to either procedure, provided that the procedure is found satisfactory for the material being tested.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values provided in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method is similar to ISO 14125, Method B. However, ISO 14125, Method B specifies only a load span of 1/3 the support span whereas D6272 also permits a load span of 1/2 the support span. For this reason and other differences in technical content, exercise extreme care if attempting to compare results between the two test methods.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2655-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene Insulation for Wire and Cable Rated 0 to 2000 V, 90 °C Operation

ABSTRACT
This specification covers crosslinked polymer insulation material consisting substantially of polyethylene or a polyethylene copolymer for electrical wires and cables in conductor, suitable for continuous use on power cables in wet and dry locations, having specified sizes and operating at specified voltage ratings and conductor temperatures. Materials covered by this specification are not sunlight and weather resistant unless they are carbon black pigmented or contain an additive system designed for this protection. Since the insulation cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor, tests shall then be done on insulated wire solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation and not to test the conductor or completed cable. Materials shall meet the physical properties as follows: unaged tensile strength and elongation at rupture; tensile strength and elongation at rupture after air oven aging; heat distortion; filled and unfilled percent hot creep; and filled and unfilled percent hot set. Insulations shall also perform satisfactorily during tests for AC and DC voltage, insulation resistance, and accelerated water absorption.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a crosslinked polyethylene insulation for electrical wires and cables in conductor sizes 14 AWG [2.08 mm2] and larger. The base polymer of this insulation consists substantially of polyethylene or a polyethylene copolymer.  
1.2 This type of insulation is suitable for continuous use on power cables in wet and dry locations, for voltage ratings not exceeding 2000 V and at conductor temperatures not exceeding 90 °C for normal operation. For copper conductors, the insulation can be applied over the uncoated metal.  
1.3 Materials covered by this specification are not sunlight and weather resistant unless they are carbon black pigmented or contain an additive system designed for this protection.  
1.4 In many instances the insulation cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor. Therefore, tests are done on insulated wire in this standard solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation and not to test the conductor or completed cable.  
1.5 Whenever two sets of values are presented, in different units, the values in the first set are the standard, while those in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F1236-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Visual Inspection of Electrical Protective Rubber Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides inspection methods and techniques that may be used to examine electrical protective rubber products for irregularities. The methods have applications in manufacturing facilities, testing laboratories, and in the field where the products are used.  
4.2 This guide also contains photographs that illustrate the descriptions of terms listed in Section 3 and in Definitions F819.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to present methods and techniques for the visual inspection of electrical protective rubber products. This guide also includes descriptions and photographs of irregularities found in these products.  
Note 1: It is not the purpose of this guide to establish the acceptance level of any irregularity described herein. That shall be established by the standard for each product.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    17 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    17 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3144-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Crosslinked Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) and Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Copolymer Heat-Shrinkable Tubing for Electrical Insulation

ABSTRACT
This specification covers semirigid, flame-retardant, crosslinked poly(vinylidene fluoride) heat-shrinkable tubing for electrical insulation purposes. It is supplied in an expanded form and will shrink to its extruded diameter when heated. The tubing shall be extruded, crosslinked, and then expanded to the required dimensions. The material shall conform to the chemical property requirements specified. Every lot of material manufactured shall be tested for restricted shrinkage, heat shock, tensile strength, and elongation to conform to the mechanical, thermal, electrical requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers semirigid, flame-retardant, crosslinked poly(vinylidene fluoride) heat-shrinkable tubing for electrical insulation purposes. It is supplied in an expanded form and will shrink to its extruded diameter when heated.
Note 1: This standard is similar but not identical to IEC 60684–3–228.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard, except temperature which shall be stated in degrees Celsius. Values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off