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ASTM E108-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings

Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings

SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers the measurement of the relative fire characteristics of roof coverings under simulated fire originating outside the building. It is applicable to roof coverings intended for installation on either combustible or noncombustible decks when applied as intended for use. The following test methods are included:
1.1.1 Intermittent flame exposure test.
1.1.2 Spread of flame test.
1.1.3 Burning brand test.
1.1.4 Flying brand test.
1.1.5 Rain test.
1.2 Three classes of fire test exposure are described:
1.2.1 Class A Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are effective against severe test exposure, afford a high degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and do not present a flying brand hazard.
1.2.2 Class B Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are effective against moderate test exposure, afford a moderate degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and do not present a flying brand hazard.
1.2.3 Class C Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are effective against light test exposure, afford a light degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and do not present a flying brand hazard.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded as the standard. Values given in brackets are for information only.
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2004
ICS
13.220.50 - Fire-resistance of building materials and elements
91.060.20 - Roofs
Technical Committee
E05 - Fire Standards
Drafting Committee
E05.14 - External Fire Exposures
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E108-00 - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Replaced By
ASTM E108-05 - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings
Effective Date
01-Sep-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2874-19 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Fire-Test Response Characteristics of a Building Spandrel-Panel Assembly Due to External Spread of Fire
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM D3018/D3018M-22 - Standard Specification for Class A Asphalt Shingles Surfaced with Mineral Granules
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM D3462/D3462M-23 - Standard Specification for Asphalt Shingles Made from Glass Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM D2898-10(2017) - Standard Practice for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood for Fire Testing
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7031-11(2019) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical and Physical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composite Products
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM E3020-22 - Standard Practice for Ignition Sources
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM E2307-23a - Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barriers Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-story Test Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6662-22 - Standard Specification for Polyolefin-Based Plastic Lumber Decking Boards
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM E2886/E2886M-20 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Ability of Exterior Vents to Resist the Entry of Embers and Direct Flame Impingement
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM E2777-20 - Standard Guide for Vegetative (Green) Roof Systems
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4851-07(2019)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Coated and Laminated Fabrics for Architectural Use
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004
Referred By
ASTM E2726/E2726M-12a(2017) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Fire-Test-Response of Deck Structures to Burning Brands
Effective Date
01-Feb-2004

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ASTM E108-04 - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof CoveringsASTM E108-04 - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings
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ASTM E108-04 - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings
English language
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:E108–04
Standard Test Methods for
1
Fire Tests of Roof Coverings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E108; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 Thisfire-test-responsestandardcoversthemeasurement
1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
of the relative fire characteristics of roof coverings under
that provide explanatory information. These notes and foot-
simulated fire originating outside the building. It is applicable
notes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be
to roof coverings intended for installation on either combus-
considered as requirements of this standard.
tible or noncombustible decks when applied as intended for
use. The following test methods are included:
2. Referenced Documents
1.1.1 Intermittent flame exposure test.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.2 Spread of flame test.
D225 Specification for Asphalt Shingles Surfaced with
1.1.3 Burning brand test.
Mineral Granules
1.1.4 Flying brand test.
D226 Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt
1.1.5 Rain test.
Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
1.2 Three classes of fire test exposure are described:
D227 Specification for Coal-Tar Saturated Organic Felt
1.2.1 ClassATests areapplicabletoroofcoveringsthatare
Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
effective against severe test exposure, afford a high degree of
D250 Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Asbestos Felt
fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and
Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
do not present a flying brand hazard.
D312 Specification for Asphalt Used in Roofing
1.2.2 Class B Tests areapplicabletoroofcoveringsthatare
D450 Specification for Coal-Tar Pitch Used in Roofing,
effective against moderate test exposure, afford a moderate
Dampproofing, and Waterproofing
degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from
D1227 Specification for Emulsified Asphalt Used as a
position, and do not present a flying brand hazard.
Protective Coating for Roofing
1.2.3 ClassCTests areapplicabletoroofcoveringsthatare
D2178 Specification for Asphalt Glass Felt Used in Roof-
effectiveagainstlighttestexposure,affordalightdegreeoffire
ing and Waterproofing
protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and do
D2626 Specification forAsphalt-Saturated and Coated Or-
not present a flying brand hazard.
ganic Felt Base Sheet Used in Roofing
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded
D2898 Test Methods for Accelerated Weathering of Fire-
as the standard. Values given in brackets are for information
Retardant Treated Wood for Fire Testing
only.
D3018 SpecificationforClassAAsphaltShinglesSurfaced
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the
with Mineral Granules
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
D3158 Specification for Asphalt Saturated and Coated
flame under controlled laboratory conditions, but does not by
Organic Felt Used in Roofing
itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
D3378 Specification forAsphalt-Saturated and CoatedAs-
assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under
bestos Felt Used in Roofing
actual fire conditions.
D3462 SpecificationforAsphaltShinglesMadefromGlass
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D4442 TestMethodsforDirectMoistureContentMeasure-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
1
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE05onFire
2
StandardsandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE05.14onExternalFire For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Exposure Standards. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved February 1, 2004. Published March 2004. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E108-00. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E108–04
D4444 TestMethodsforUseandCalibrationofHand-Held 5. Apparatus and Calibration
Moisture Meters
5.1 The essential elements of the fire test
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The test methods described herein are intended to provide a basis for relative comparison of roof coverings. The test methods include simulated fire exposure to the outside of the roof coverings, and, where applicable, a determination as to whether the fire performance characteristics of the roof coverings will be adversely affected by prolonged exposure to rain.  
4.2 These test methods measure the surface spread of flame and the ability of the roof covering material or system to resist fire penetration from the exterior to the underside of a roof deck under the conditions of exposure.  
4.3 These test methods also provide criteria to determine if the roof covering material will develop flying burning material, identified as flying brands, when subjected to a 12-mph (5.3-m/s) wind during the simulated fire exposure tests.  
4.4 These test methods do not necessarily illustrate the expected performance of roof coverings under all actual fire conditions, but they do provide a basis for comparing roof covering materials when subjected to fire sources that are described herein.  
4.5 These test methods do not provide any basis for determining the fire resistance characteristics when exposed to a fire originating in the building to which the roofing material is applied.  
4.6 The test methods described herein involve calibrating the test equipment using a calibration deck inclined at a slope of 5 in. per horizontal ft (0.416:1). The tests described herein are performed on test decks inclined at slopes up to and including 5 in. per horizontal ft. The severity of the test exposure decreases as the slope of the test deck decreases below 5 in. per horizontal ft.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers the measurement of the relative fire characteristics of roof coverings exposed to simulated fire sources originating outside the building. It is applicable to roof coverings intended for installation on either combustible or noncombustible roof decks when applied as intended for use. The following test methods are included:  
1.1.1 Intermittent flame exposure test.  
1.1.2 Spread of flame test.  
1.1.3 Burning brand test.  
1.1.4 Flying brand test.  
1.1.5 Rain test.  
1.2 Three classes of fire test exposure are described:  
1.2.1 Class A Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are expected to be effective against severe fire exposure, afford a high degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and are not expected to present a flying brand hazard.  
1.2.2 Class B Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are expected to be effective against moderate fire exposure, afford a moderate degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and are not expected to present a flying brand hazard.  
1.2.3 Class C Tests are applicable to roof coverings that are effective against light fire exposure, afford a light degree of fire protection to the roof deck, do not slip from position, and are not expected to present a flying brand hazard.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM E2957-17(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Resistance to Wildfire Penetration of Eaves, Soffits and Other Projections

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test method described herein monitors the fire characteristics and the ability of eave overhangs and other projections to resist exterior fire penetration from underneath under the specified fire exposure conditions.  
5.2 Representative joints and other characteristics of the eave overhang or projection shall be included in the test specimen when these details are representative of the end-use construction.  
5.3 The test method does not apply to vents or perforated materials used to enclose or cap eaves, soffits, and other projections.
Note 1: Test Methods E2912 and E2886/E2886M are methods used to test vents or perforated materials to resist direct flame impingement and flame penetration into the building.  
5.4 The test method is devised for eave overhangs and other projections independent of the materials covering the building envelope.
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5.6 In this procedure, the test specimen is subjected to specific laboratory fire test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the anticipated end-use conditions are changed, it is not known whether it is possible by use of this test to predict changes in the performance characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are strictly valid only for the fire test conditions and construction tested.  
5.7 The test method does not provide any basis for determining the fire resistance characteristics of eave overhangs or projections when exposed to a fire originating in the building.  
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1.1 This fire-test-response standard prescribes a method for qualitatively assessing the resistance to fire penetration of eave overhangs and other projections, such as the soffits of roof eaves and cantilevered floor projections, when exposed to direct flame impingement from a simulated external wildfire exposure, such as encountered in a “Wildland Urban Interface” scenario. This test method provides data suitable for comparing the relative performance of materials, which are used as the exposed underside surfaces of eave overhangs and other projections.  
1.2 This test method measures the ability of eave overhangs and other projections to resist fire penetration from the exterior into the wall cavity or unexposed side of the test specimen under the conditions of exposure.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to eave overhangs and other projections such as the soffits of roof eaves and cantilevered floor projections intended for use with either combustible or noncombustible building envelopes.  
1.4 Limitations of the test method are listed in Section 5.  
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4.1 The test methods described herein are intended to provide a basis for relative comparison of roof coverings. The test methods include simulated fire exposure to the outside of the roof coverings, and, where applicable, a determination as to whether the fire performance characteristics of the roof coverings will be adversely affected by prolonged exposure to rain.  
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4.3 These test methods also provide criteria to determine if the roof covering material will develop flying burning material, identified as flying brands, when subjected to a 12-mph (5.3-m/s) wind during the simulated fire exposure tests.  
4.4 These test methods do not necessarily illustrate the expected performance of roof coverings under all actual fire conditions, but they do provide a basis for comparing roof covering materials when subjected to fire sources that are described herein.  
4.5 These test methods do not provide any basis for determining the fire resistance characteristics when exposed to a fire originating in the building to which the roofing material is applied.  
4.6 The test methods described herein involve calibrating the test equipment using a calibration deck inclined at a slope of 5 in. per horizontal ft (0.416:1). The tests described herein are performed on test decks inclined at slopes up to and including 5 in. per horizontal ft. The severity of the test exposure decreases as the slope of the test deck decreases below 5 in. per horizontal ft.
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1.1.1 Intermittent flame exposure test.  
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SCOPE
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1.1 This specification2 covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for moderate or high temperature service (Table 1).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8139-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Semi-Rigid, Closed-Cell Polypropylene Foam, Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers preformed expansion joint fillers made from closed-cell polypropylene foam materials having suitable compressibility, recovery from compression, nonextruding, and weather-resistant characteristics.  
1.1.1 Type I, closed-cell polypropylene foam.  
1.2 These joint fillers are intended for use in concrete pavements in full-depth joints. There are several variations in size with typical thicknesses of 1/2 in. (12.7 mm), 3/4 in. (19.05 mm), and 1 in. (25.4 mm); typical widths of 31/2 in. (88.9 mm), 4 in. (101.6 mm), 5 in. (127 mm), 6 in. (152.5 mm), 7 in. (177.8 mm), 8 in. (203.2 mm), or 48 in. (1.2 m) sheet; and typical lengths of 5 ft (1.52 m) and 10 ft (3.05 m).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3337-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Taking Property and Behavior Measurements on Weathered Fractions of Oil

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A standard procedure is necessary to establish property changes for spilled oils or petroleum products at different oil weathering stages.  
5.2 This procedure employs standardized equipment, and test procedures.  
5.3 This procedure should be performed at the stages of weathering corresponding to the spill conditions of interest.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide summarizes methods to fractionate oil by evaporative weathering and then measure the properties and behavior of the weathered oil. The results of this guide can provide oil behavior data for input into oil spill models and response method selection.  
1.2 This guide covers general procedures for oil weathering and behavior and does not cover all possible procedures which may be applicable to this topic.  
1.3 The results obtained using this guide are intended to provide baseline data for the behavior of oil and petroleum products when spilled and input to oil spill models.  
1.4 The results obtained using this guide can be used directly to predict certain facets of oil spill behavior or as input to oil spill models.  
1.5 The accuracy of the guide depends very much on the representative nature of the oil sample used. Certain oils can have different properties depending on their chemical contents at the moment a sample is taken.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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