ASTM E1972-04(2011)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Minimizing Effects of Aerosols in the Wet Metal Removal Environment (Withdrawn 2017)
Standard Practice for Minimizing Effects of Aerosols in the Wet Metal Removal Environment (Withdrawn 2017)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Use of this practice will minimize occupational exposure to aerosols in the wet metal removal environment.
Excessive exposures to metal removal fluid aerosols are associated with machinist complaints of respiratory irritation.
Through implementation of this practice and incorporation of a metal removal fluid management program, appropriate product selection, appropriate machine tool design, selection, and maintenance, and control of microorganisms, users should be able to minimize complaints of machinist respiratory irritation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice sets forth guidelines for minimizing effects of aerosols in the wet metal removal environment.
1.2 This practice incorporates all practical means and mechanisms to minimize aerosol generation and to control effects of aerosols in the wet metal removal environment.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice set forth guidelines for minimizing effects of aerosols in the wet metal removal environment.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E34 on Occupational Health and Safety, this practice was withdrawn in March 2017 and replaced by Practice E2889 on the Control of Respiratory Hazards in the Metal Removal Fluid Environment.1
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1972 − 04 (Reapproved 2011) An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Minimizing Effects of Aerosols in the Wet Metal Removal
Environment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1972; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope tion in Water Miscible Metal Working Fluids (Withdrawn
2008)
1.1 Thispracticesetsforthguidelinesforminimizingeffects
D7049 Test Method for Metal Removal Fluid Aerosol in
of aerosols in the wet metal removal environment.
Workplace Atmospheres
1.2 This practice incorporates all practical means and
2.2 OSHA (US Occupational Safety and Health Administra-
mechanisms to minimize aerosol generation and to control
tion) Standards:
effects of aerosols in the wet metal removal environment.
29 CFR 1910.134 Use of Respiratory in the Workplace
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communication
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.3 Other Documents:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- ANSI Technical Report B11 TR 2–1997, Mist Control Con-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
siderations for the Design, Installation and Use of Ma-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. chine Tools Using Metalworking Fluids
Metal Working Fluid Optimization Guide, National Center
2. Referenced Documents
for Manufacturing Sciences
Metal Removal Fluids, A Guide To Their Management and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Control, Organization Resources Counselors, Inc.
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
IndustrialVentilation: AManualofRecommendedPractice.
Atmospheres
Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Expo-
E1302 Guide for Acute Animal Toxicity Testing of Water-
sure to Metalworking Fluids
Miscible Metalworking Fluids
Metalworking Fluids: Safety and Health Best Practices
E1370 Guide for Air Sampling Strategies for Worker and
Manual
Workplace Protection
E1497 Practice for Selection and Safe Use of Water-
3. Terminology
Miscible and Straight Oil Metal Removal Fluids
3.1 For definitions and terms relating to this guide, refer to
E1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and
Terminology D1356 and E1542.
Safety
E2144 Practice for Personal Sampling and Analysis of En-
dotoxin in Metalworking Fluid Aerosols in Workplace 3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Atmospheres www.astm.org.
Code of Federal Regulations available from United States Government Printing
E2148 GuideforUsingDocumentsRelatedtoMetalworking
Office, Washington, DC 20402.
or Metal Removal Fluid Health and Safety
Available from Association for Manufacturing Technology, 7901 Westpark
E2169 Practice for Selecting Antimicrobial Pesticides for
Drive, McLean VA 22102.
AvailablefromNationalCenterforManufacturingSciences,Report0274RE95,
Use in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
3025 Boardwalk, Ann Arbor, MI 48018.
E2250 Method for Determination of Endotoxin Concentra-
Available from Organization Resources Counselors, 1910 Sunderland Place,
NW., Washington, DC 20036 or from members of the Metal Working Fluid Product
SM
Stewardship Group (MWFPSG ). Contact Independent Lubricant Manufacturers
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E34 on Occupational Association, 651 S. Washington Street,Alexandria, VA22314, for a list of members
SM
HealthandSafetyandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE34.50onHealth of the MWFPSG .
and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids. Available from American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally 1330 Kemper Meadow Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45240-1634.
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1972 - 04. DOI: Available from U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health
10.1520/E1972-04R11. Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occu-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or pational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from US Occupational Health and Safety Administration, 200
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on ConstitutionAvenue NW, Washington, DC 20210 or at http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/
the ASTM website. metalworkingfluids/metalworkingfluids_manual.html
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1972 − 04 (2011)
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: the fluid, but also to contaminants introduced into the fluid
3.2.1 dilution ventilation, n—referring to the supply and systems while in use, including microbial contaminants.
exhaust of air with respect to an area, room, or building, the
5.3 Establish a metal removal fluid control program. Addi-
dilution of contaminated air with uncontaminated air for the
tionaldetailedguidancemaybefoundinPracticeE1497andin
purpose of controlling potential health hazards, fire and explo-
Metal Removal Fluids, A Guide To Their Management and
sion conditions, odors, and nuisance type contaminants, from
Control. Consult with your metal removal fluid suppliers.
Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice.
6. Product Selection
3.2.2 extractable mass, n—the material removed by liquid
extraction of the sampling filter using a mixed-polarity solvent 6.1 Fluids vary in their misting characteristics. Select fluids
with an understanding of their misting characteristics, bearing
mixture as described in Test Method D7049.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—This mass is an approximation of the in mind available engineering control measures. Some fluids
mistless,otherfactorsbeingequal.Mistingcharacteristicsmay
metal removal fluid portion of the workplace aerosol.
change significantly with contamination. Some fluids retain
3.2.3 metal removal fluids, n—the subset of metalworking
entrained air, causing a significant increase in mist generation,
fluids that are used for wet machining or grinding to produce
possibly in areas away from the metal removal fluid operation.
the finished part.
Polymeric additives may be useful in reducing aerosol from
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Metal removal fluids addressed by this
straight or neat oils and some water-miscible metal removal
guide include straight or neat oils, not intended for further
fluids. Components or contaminants may be more concentrated
dilution with water, and soluble oils, semisynthetics, and
in the aerosol phase relative to their concentrations in the bulk
synthetics, all of which are intended to be diluted with water
fluid.
before use.
6.2 Practice E1497 and Metal Removal Fluids, A Guide To
3.2.4 metal removal fluid aerosol, n—Aerosol generated by
Their Management and Control describe product selection
operation of the machine tool itself as well as from circulation
criteria. While specifically directed towards water-miscible
and filtration systems associated with wet metal removal
metalworking fluids, the same principles generally apply to
operations and may include airborne contaminants of a micro-
selection of neat or straight metal removal fluids.
bial origin.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Metal removal fluid aerosol does not
6.3 Select fluids with an understanding of their acute and
include background aerosol in the workplace atmosphere,
chronic toxicity characteristics. Guide E1302 references pro-
which may include suspended insoluble particulate.
cedures to assess the acute toxicity of water-miscible metal-
working fluids as manufactured. Review the material safety
3.2.5 total particulate matter, n—the mass of material
data sheet, required by 29 CFR 1910.1200, for health and
sampled through the 4-mm inlet of a standard 37-mm filter
safety information for the metal removal fluids being consid-
cassette when operated at 2.0 L/min, as described in Test
ered for the operation.
Method D7049.
3.2.5.1 Discussion—AsdefinedinTestMethodD7049,total
6.4 With due consideration for available engineering
particulate matter is not a measure of the inhalable or thoracic
controls, select fluids that minimize components that may be
particulate mass.
irritating or may produce objectionable odors.
6.5 As the concentration of metal removal fluid in the
4. Significance and Use
machining system sump or reservoir increases, the level of
4.1 Use of this practice will minimize occupational expo-
chemicals in the metal removal fluid aerosol increases and the
sure to aerosols in the wet metal removal environment.
net exposure is greater. Maintaining proper metal removal fluid
concentration while in use enhances machining performance
4.2 Excessive exposures to metal removal fluid aerosols are
and minimizes exposure potential.
associated with machinist complaints of respiratory irritation.
4.3 Through implementation of this practice and incorpora-
7. Machine Tool Design, Selection, and Maintenance
tion of a metal removal fluid management program, appropri-
7.1 ANSI B-11 TR 2-1997 provides guidance concerning
ate product selection, appropriate machine tool design,
consideration for the design of metalworking fluid delivery
selection, and maintenance, and control of microorganisms,
systems, of machine tools, of machine enclosures for the
users should be able to minimize complaints of machinist
cont
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