ASTM F1097-17(2022)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Mortar, Refractory (High-Temperature, Air-Setting)
Standard Specification for Mortar, Refractory (High-Temperature, Air-Setting)
ABSTRACT
This specification covers dry air-setting refractory mortar for use in laying and bonding refractory brick in ship boiler furnaces and wet air-setting refractory mortar for use in laying refractory brick in stationary boiler furnaces, bright annealing furnaces, controlled atmosphere furnaces, and furnaces heated by electric elements. The refractory mortar shall be of the following types: Type 1 and Type 2. The mortar shall be composed of finely ground heat-resistant clays, minerals, or a mixture of clays and minerals in either a dry or wet condition. Fineness test, heat soak, and bonding strength test shall be performed to conform with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers dry air-setting refractory mortar for use in laying and bonding refractory brick in ship boiler furnaces and wet air-setting refractory mortar for use in laying refractory brick in stationary boiler furnaces, bright annealing furnaces, controlled atmosphere furnaces, and furnaces heated by electric elements.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1097 −17 (Reapproved 2022) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Mortar, Refractory (High-Temperature, Air-Setting)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1097; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C198 Test Method for Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory
Mortar
1.1 This specification covers dry air-setting refractory mor-
C199 Test Method for Pier Test for Refractory Mortars
tar for use in laying and bonding refractory brick in ship boiler
furnaces and wet air-setting refractory mortar for use in laying 2.2 Federal Specifications —The following documents shall
apply only when one or more of the requirements of Supple-
refractory brick in stationary boiler furnaces, bright annealing
furnaces, controlled atmosphere furnaces, and furnaces heated mentary Requirement S1 are specified in the contract or
purchase order (see 4.1.3):
by electric elements.
UU-S-48 Sacks, Shipping, Paper
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
PPP-B-704 Pails: Shipping, Steel (1 through 12 gallon)
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
2.3 Military Standards —The following documents shall
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
apply only when one or more of the requirements of Supple-
and are not considered standard.
mentary Requirement S1 are specified in the contract or
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
purchase order (see 4.1.3):
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
MIL-STD-147 Palletized Unit Loads
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
2.4 ASQ/ANSI Standards:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASQ/ANSI Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
spection by Attributes
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3. Classification
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1 The refractory mortar shall be of the following types:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.1 Type 1—Dry.
3.1.2 Type 2—Wet.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Ordering Information
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C24 Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Materials
the following information, as necessary to adequately describe
C27 Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory
the material:
Brick
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,
C92 Test Methods for Sieve Analysis and Water Content of
4.1.2 Type required (see 3.1), and
Refractory Materials
4.1.3 Optional requirements, if any (see Supplementary
C133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modu-
Requirement S1).
lus of Rupture of Refractories
5. Material
5.1 The mortar shall be composed of finely ground heat-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships
resistant clays, minerals, or a mixture of clays and minerals in
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on
either a dry or wet condition.
General Requirements.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2022. Published February 2022. Originally
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F1097 – 17. DOI:
10.1520/F1097-17R22.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
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F1097 − 17 (2022)
5.1.1 Type 1, Dry—Mortar shall be furnished dry and shall 9.2 For the tests specified in 11.1 through 11.4, the sample
be ready for use as soon as mixed with water. Mortar, after unitshallbe15lb(7kg)ofmortar.Nofewerthanthreesample
being mixed with water and then dried, shall be capable of units shall be randomly selected throughout the lot. No more
being remixed with water. than one sample shall be drawn from any one container.
5.1.2 Type 2, Wet—Mortar shall be furnished ready for use 9.2.1 The test sample shall be a 45-lb (20-kg) composite of
at a trowelling consistency and shall be easily mixed with the randomly selected sample units. Two or more determina-
water to a dipping consistency. tions as applicable (see Table 2) shall be performed on the
composite. There shall be no evidence of failure to meet the
6. Performance Requirements
specified unit or average requirements.
6.1 Resistance to Heat Soaking—Mortarshallnotsoftennor
9.3 The PCE shall be determined on two cones of different
show any evidence of fusion, and the shrinkage shall not be
samples from each lot. If both cones fail, this shall be cause for
greater than hairline cracks when tested as specified in 11.2.
rejection without retest. If either cone fails, three additional
6.2 Bonding Strength—The average modulus of rupture at cones shall be made, each from a different sample. If any one
the brick joint when tested as specified in 11.3 shall be not less of the three retest cones fails, this shall be cause for rejection.
than shown in Table 1.
10. Specimen Preparation
6.3 Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE)—The PCE shall be
10.1 The entire mortar sample for testing shall be thor-
not less than cone 32 (see 11.4).
oughly mixed to ensure uniformity before any portion is taken
7. Requirements
for tests. The selected portion of Type 1 (dry) mortar shall be
mixed with water to a trowelling consistency for the tests of
7.1 Fineness—Mortar shall be ground to such fineness that
11.2 and 11.3. Storage time after water mixing shall be 20 to
not more than 5 % shall be retained on a No. 40 ASTM sieve,
30 min.
andnotmorethan0.5 %shallbeheldonaNo.30ASTMsieve
(see 11.1).
10.2 For the test specified in 11.3, brick-mortar joints shall
be prepared in accordance with Test Method C198, except that
7.2 Shelf Life, Type 1—Mortar shall show no deterioration
refractory bricks, conforming to Classification C27,60%
after 1 year’s storage.
High-Alumina, shall be used and shall be cut in half. The two
7.3 Shelf Life, Type 2—At any time within one year of
halves of each brick shall be placed in a device suitable for
shipment from the supplier, the mortar in a previously un-
bringing,withastraightmotion,themoldedendstogetherwith
opened container shall not have stiffened to such an extent as
the faces parallel at all times to form a bond.
to interfere with its easy removal and mixing.
10.2.1 Asmallquantityofmortarshallbespreadbyatrowel
7.4 Consistency—Mortar, when tempered with water, shall
on the upper face forming the bond to ensure intimate contact.
be of such consistency that it will be suitable for spreading
Sufficient mortar to give a ⁄8-in. (3-mm) thick layer shall be
easily with a trowel or for dipping and for laying refractory
spread evenly on the lower bond forming face and the upper
brick and bonding them together upon drying and upon
half shall be lowered until it is ⁄16 in. (2 mm) from the lower
subsequent heating at furnace temperatures. Mortar shall retain
half. The excess mortar shall be cut from the joint, flush with
this degree of workability for 2 h.
the sides of the brick. The unit thus formed shall be removed
7.4.1 The mixed mortar shall have sufficient water retention
at once from the bond-forming machine. The bond specimens
to permit a ⁄16-in. (2-mm) joint to be made with a trowelling
shall be allowed to air-dry for 20 to 24 h.
consistency, but not allow the newly laid brick to float out of
position. 11. Test Methods
11.1 Fineness—The fineness test shall be made in accor-
8. Workmanship
dance with Test Methods C92.
8.1 Workmanship shall be first class in every respect. There
11.2 Heat Soak:
shall be no foreign material or caked aggregate lumps in the
11.2.1 A pier of refractory brick, conforming to Classifica-
mortar. Wet mortar shall be easily removed from the container
tion C27, super-duty, laid up with the test mortar shall be
and shall mix easily to a uniform trowelling consistency.
prepared and heated at 2910°F (1588°C) for5hin accordance
9. Sampling with Test Method C199.
11.2.2 The cooled pier shall be examined for evidence of
9.1 An inspection lot for tests and inspections shall consist
shrinkage, softening, or fusion of the mortar. One or more
ofallmaterialmanufacturedatessentiallythesametimeandof
mortar joints shall be broken and the freshly broken mortar
the same type offered for delivery at one time.
surface shall be viewed from various angles. Any shininess or
light flash at the mortar surface shall be considered an
TABLE 1 Bonding Strength of Mortar
indication of excessive fusion.
Average Modulus of Rupture,
Temperatures, °F (°C)
psi (kPa), min
11.3 Bonding Strength:
230 (110) 200 (1400)
11.3.1 Five bond specimens (see 10.2) shall be placed in an
1000 (538) 100 (700)
oven operating at 230°F (110°C) for at least 16 h; five bond
2000 (1093) 100 (700)
specimens shall be hel
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