ASTM E433-71(1997)

Standard Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Inspection

SCOPE
1.1 These reference photographs are supplied as a means of establishing types and characteristics of surface discontinuities detectable by the penetrant inspection methods. They may be used as a reference for acceptance standards, specifications and drawings.  
1.2 Actual dimensions including maximum length of indications and number of indications per unit area must be specified by the users of this document. No attempt has been made to establish limits of acceptability or the metallurgical cause of a discontinuity.  Note-Examples of these reference photographs are shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1996
• ICS: 77.040.99 - Other methods of testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.03 - Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E433-71(2003) - Standard Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Inspection
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E1210-21 - Standard Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Hydrophilic Post-Emulsification Process
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E1208-21 - Standard Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Lipophilic Post-Emulsification Process
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E1220-21 - Standard Practice for Visible Penetrant Testing Using Solvent-Removable Process
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E1219-21 - Standard Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Solvent-Removable Process
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E543-21 - Standard Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1997
• Referred By: ASTM A372/A372M-20e1 - Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1997
• Referred By: ASTM A436-84(2020) - Standard Specification for Austenitic Gray Iron Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E1209-18 - Standard Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Water-Washable Process
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E165/E165M-23 - Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for General Industry
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1997
• Referred By: ASTM E1418-21 - Standard Practice for Visible Penetrant Testing Using the Water-Washable Process
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E 433 – 71 (Reapproved 1997)
Standard Reference Photographs for
Liquid Penetrant Inspection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 433; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Identification
1.1 These reference photographs are supplied as a means of 4.1 The types of discontinuity indications covered by these
establishing types and characteristics of surface discontinuities reference photographs are listed and described in Table 1. Each
detectable by the penetrant inspection methods. They may be type of discontinuity indication is designated by a Roman
used as a reference for acceptance standards, specifications and numeral. The class of indication is designated by the letters A
drawings. through D. Individual photographs within type and class are
1.2 Actual dimensions including maximum length of indi- identified by numbers. Each reference photograph is, therefore,
cations and number of indications per unit area must be identified with the proper Roman numeral, letter, and number.
specified by the users of this document. No attempt has been
made to establish limits of acceptability or the metallurgical
cause of a discontinuity.
TABLE 1 Reference Photographs, Indication Types
NOTE 1—Examples of these reference photographs are shown in Figs.
Type Class Description Fig. No.
1-8.
I A single I-A1, 2
B multiple unaligned I-B1, 2, 3, 4
2. Referenced Documents
C multiple aligned I-C1, 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D intersection of surfaces (threads, corners, I-D1
fillets, etc.)
E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination
II A single II-A1, 2, 3, 4
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
B multiple unaligned II-B1, 2, 3
Reference Photographs for Penetrant Inspection C multiple aligned II-C1, 2, 3, 4
D intersection of surfaces (threads, corners, II-D1, 2, 3, 4, 5
fillets, etc.)
3. Classifications
3.1 Types—For the purposes of this standard there are two
types of indications, which are defined as follows:
3.1.1 Type I Indications—Those in which neither of the
5. Method of Preparation
measurable dimensions is greater than three times the other.
5.1 The reference photographs were reproduced from mas-
3.1.2 Type II Indications—Those in which one of the
ter photographs which are the property of ASTM. The photo-
measurable dimensions is at least three times greater than the
graphs retain the original photographic contrast.
other.
3.2 Classes—For purposes of this standard there are four
6. Basis for Use of Reference Photographs
classes of indications which are defined as follows:
6.1 These reference photographs are intended for use when
A. Single
specified in the inquiry, contract, order material specification,
B. Multiple unaligned
or applicable code, and when the severity is mutually agreed
C. Multiple aligned
upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. It is
D. Intersection of surfaces (threads, corners, fillets, etc.)
recognized that it is impossible to rigidly interpret indications
from a set of photographic references. Consequently, there is a
1 need for close cooperation between manufacturer and pur-
These reference photographs are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
chaser.
E07 on Nondestructive Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E07.03 on Magnetic Particle and Penetrant Testing.
6.2 Zones of inspection and severity levels in each zone
Current edition approved May 19, 1971. Published May 1971. Originally
shall b
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