ASTM D4486-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Volatile and Reactive Liquids
Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Volatile and Reactive Liquids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Kinematic viscosity is a physical property which is of importance in the design of systems in which flowing liquids are used or handled.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of kinematic viscosity of transparent, Newtonian liquids which because of their reactivity, instability, or volatility cannot be used in conventional capillary kinematic viscometers. This test method is applicable up to 2 × 10−5 N/m2 (2 atm) pressure and temperature range from −53 °C to +135 °C (−65 °F to +275 °F).
1.1.1 For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity of other liquids, see Test Method D445. The difference between the two methods is in the viscometers. The viscometers specified in used Specification D446 are open to the atmosphere, while the viscometers in this method are sealed. When volatile liquids are measured in sealed viscometers, the density of the vapor may not be negligible compared with the density of the liquid and the working equation of the viscometer has to account for that. See Section 11 for details.
1.2 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and Annex A1.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4486 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Kinematic Viscosity of Volatile and Reactive Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4486; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of kinematic
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
viscosity of transparent, Newtonian liquids which because of
their reactivity, instability, or volatility cannot be used in
2. Referenced Documents
conventionalcapillarykinematicviscometers.Thistestmethod
2
−5 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
is applicable up to 2×10 N/m (2atm) pressure and tem-
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
perature range from −53°C to +135°C (−65°F to +275°F).
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of DynamicViscos-
1.1.1 For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity of
ity)
other liquids, see Test Method D445. The difference between
D446Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass
the two methods is in the viscometers. The viscometers
Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
specified in used Specification D446 are open to the
D2162Practice for Basic Calibration of MasterViscometers
atmosphere, while the viscometers in this method are sealed.
and Viscosity Oil Standards
When volatile liquids are measured in sealed viscometers, the
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
density of the vapor may not be negligible compared with the
SI 10 IEEE/ASTMStandard for Use of the International
density of the liquid and the working equation of the viscom-
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
eter has to account for that. See Section 11 for details.
1.2 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
3. Terminology
regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been dem-
3.1.1 density—the mass per unit volume of a substance at a
onstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.
given temperature and pressure.
Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The cgs unit of density (ρ) has the
products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
dimensions of grams per cubic centimetre. The SI unit of
for additional information. The potential exists that selling
density has the dimensions of kilograms per cubic metre.
mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited
bylocalornationallaw.Usersmustdeterminelegalityofsales 3.1.2 dynamic viscosity, η,n—the ratio between the applied
shear stress and rate of shear of a material.
in their location.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2.1 Discussion——It is sometimes called the coefficient
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of dynamic viscosity or absolute viscosity. Dynamic viscosity
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
is a measure of resistance to flow or deformation which
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
constitutes a material’s ability to transfer momentum in re-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sponse to steady or time-dependent external shear forces.
For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and Annex
Dynamic viscosity has the dimension of mass divided by
A1.
length and time and its SI unit is pascal times second (Pa·s).
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Among the transport properties for heat, mass, and momentum
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
transfer, dynamic viscosity is the momentum conductivity.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.3 kinematic viscosity, ν,n—the ratio of the dynamic
viscosity (η) to the density (ρ) of a material at the same
temperature and pressure.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D02.L0.07 on Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids
2
(Formally D02.1100). For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018. Published February 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4486 − 10 D4486 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Kinematic Viscosity of Volatile and Reactive Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4486; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of kinematic viscosity of transparent, Newtonian liquids which because of their
reactivity, instability, or volatility cannot be used in conventional capillary kinematic viscometers. This test method is applicable
−5 2
up to 2 × 10 N/m (2 atm) (2 atm) pressure and temperature range from −53−53 °C to +135°C (−65+135 °C (−65 °F to
+275°F).+275 °F).
1.1.1 For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity of other liquids, see Test Method D445. The difference between the two
methods is in the viscometers. The viscometers specified in used Specification D446 are open to the atmosphere, while the
viscometers in this method are sealed. When volatile liquids are measured in sealed viscometers, the density of the vapor may not
be negligible compared with the density of the liquid and the working equation of the viscometer has to account for that. See
Section 11 for details.
1.2 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous materialsubstance that can cause
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, may has been demonstrated to be
hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury
containing mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware (SDS) for additional informa-
tion. The potential exists that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by
law.or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their
location.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and Annex A1.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
D2162 Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity Oil Standards
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
SI 10 IEEE/ASTM Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 density—the mass per unit volume of the liquid.a substance at a given temperature and pressure.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.L0.07 on Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids (Formally D02.1100).
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010Dec. 1, 2018. Published November 2010February 2019. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as
D4486–91(2010).D4486 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/D4486-10.10.1520/D4486-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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...
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